AIM N M

To prepare 250 ml of or
10
10 20 Oxalic acid solution.

Apparatus Required
Watch glass, funnel stand, funnel, 250 ml measuring flask, wash bottle, dropper,
chemical balance and weight boy
Chemicals Required
Oxalic acid (solid), distilled water.
Theory
Oxalicacid is a primary standard, i.e., its standard solution can be prepared directly by
oxalic acid in a fixed volume of solution. dissolving a known weight of

Now, molecular mass of oxalic acid

(COOH
· 2H1,0=126
COOH
Basicity of oxalic acid = 2
Equivalent mass of oxalic acid =Molecular mass of acid 126 =63glequiv
Basicity of acid 2
If normality is given:
Normality of oxalic acid solution - Woxalic acid /litre of solution
=

Equivalent mass
Or 1 Woxalic acid /litre of solution
10 63
Or 63
Woxalic acid /litre of solution = =6.3 g
10
N
Thus,to prepare 10 solution of oxalic acid, 6.3g of oxalic acid crystals should be dissolved per litre of solution.
N 6.3
Now to prepare 250 ml of oxalic acid solution, =1.575 g of oxalic acid crystals should be dissolved in
10 4
250 ml of solution.

Lab Chemistry XI 54
AlM To determine the strength of given sodium hydroxide solution by titrating it against standardsolution of 10 (or
M)oxalic acid.
20'

Apparatus Required
Stand with clamp, burette, pipette, funnel, white glazed tile, titration flask.

Chemicals Required
Given sodium hydroxide solution, N /10 or M/20 oxalicacid, phenolphthalein.
Theory
A known volume (10 ml) of oxalic acid is taken in titration flask. Oxalic acid
solution is titrated against sodium
hydroxide solution taken in burette. The chemical reaction taking place is as follows :
COOH COONa
·2H,0+ 2NaOH +4H,0
COOH COONa
Hydrated oxalic acid Sodium hydroxide Sodium oxalate
Oxalic acid is a weak acid and sodium hydroxide is a strong base. Hence, phenolpthalein is used as
end point isshown by change in colour from colourless to pink. indicator. The
If normality is given : The normality of sodium hydroxide solution is
calculated by using the formula,
N,V, = N,V,. Then strength of sodium hydroxide solution is calculated by using the formula,
Strength =Normality x Equivalent weight
If molarity is given : The molarity of sodium hydroxide solution is
calculated by formula, n, M,V, = nM,V. The
strength of sodium hydroxide solution is then calculated by using the formula,
Strength =Molarity x Molecular weight
Procedure
(i) Take a burette and wash it with water. Rinse it with
sodium hydroxide solution.
(iü) Fillthe burette with sodium hydroxide solution and note the
initial reading (V; ).
(iii) Take a pipetteand wash it with water. Rinse it with oxalic acid
the titration flask.
solution and pipette out 10 ml of oxalic acid in

Lab themistry X 62
(iv) Add 2 -3 drops of phenolphthalein to the titration flask.
() Place the flask just below the nozzle of the burotteo over a
white glazed tilo.
(vi) Run sodium hydroxide solution from the burotte into the titrationMask with constant shaking tillthe solution
just turns pink.
(vii) Note the final reading of the burette (V).
(vi) Throw the contents of flask and wash it with water, Ropoat the exporimont to got at least 3 concordan
readings.
Observations
Solution taken in burette = Sodium hydroxide solution
Solution taken in titration flask = Oxalic acid solution
Indicator used = Phenolphthalein
End point = Colourless to pink
Volume of oxalic acid taken for each titration = 10 ml
S. No. Initial Reading of Burette (V) Final Reading of Burette (V2 ) Volume of NaOH Used (ml)
1.
2.

3.

4.

Concordant volume = x ml (say)

Calculations
(i) When normality is given:
NNaOH x VNaOH =Noxalic acid XVOxalic acid
1
NNaOH XX= X10
10

NNaOH =-N
X

Strength of sodium hydroxide solution = NNaOH XEquivalent weight of NaOH

1 40
x40= g/l
X X

(ii) When molarity is given :

noxalic acid XMOxalic acid X VOxalic acid = NaOH XMNaoH XVNaoH
1
Or 2 x X10 =1 x MNaOH X X
20

Or
MNaOH =M X

Strength of sodium hydroxide solution = MNaoH Xmolecular weight

1
X 40
X

40
X

63 Lab Chemistry >XI

 aknown
dissolving in
box. be dissolved
weight should
and carbonate be
should
balance
by
directly carbonate
sodium
chemical
prepared g/equiv.
53
= solutionsolution
of/litre of carbonate sodium
solution
dropper, g solution
=1.325
be of of sodium of
boltlo, can carbonato/itre
Equivalent
mass
/litre of g
/litre =1.325
106 106
solution 53 5.3
4
solutlon.
carbonate
sodium wash 2 Wsodium
carbonate of carbonate
carbonate
=
= carbonate solution, 106
carbonate mass 5.3
=5.3
g 4 56
(lask, standard
solution. WAodium Molecular =5.3
Wsodium
solution,
sodium
carbonate sodium
water.
noasuring sodium
sodium 53 10
W 106 20 carbonate
distilled its
=:
i.o.,of ofNormality10 solution
solution = =
solution
volume 1 solution
of of 20 =
ml standard,nmass mass
1
20 250 (solid), of of
sodium
M fixed Equivalent /litre of carbonale/litre 2. 2.
Or stond, Molecular 10 Molarity No. No.
10 crbonate primary
a
N
carbonateof solution. experiment
N
of Required
Apparatus
Required
Chemicals
funnol in
ml
M 20
af
experiment
ml carbonate
250 a :given Wsodium250 of :
ml
funnel, sodium is ml given Wsodium250 solution. Chemistry
Lab
XI
prepare carbonate prepare in Precautions
prepare Procedure in
sodium is 250
is given given
glaNs, Anhydrous normalitsy in molarity
To of
Theory to dissolved to ml as as
Watch Sodiun
ofmass Thus, Thus, Same Same
AIM Now.and 250
I If Or
or Or
 determine the strength of given solution of hydrochloríc acid by titrating itagainst standard solution of N (or
10
M
sodium carbonate.
20

Apparatus Required
Slandwith clamp, burette, pipette, white glazed tile, titration flask.
Chemicals Required
Given hydrochloric acid, N/10 or M/20 sodium carbonate solution, methylorange.
Theory
10 ml of sodium carbonate solution is taken in a titration flask. This solution is titrated
against hydrochloric acid
with methylorange as indicator.
Na,CO3 + HCI ’2NaCl+CO, + H,0
The end point is indicated by change in colour from yellow to light pink.
Ifnormality is given : The normality of hydrochloric acid is calculated by using the following formula
HCI XVHCI = nNaco, XVNac03
Then strength of HCl can be calculated by the following formula :
Strength of HCl solution =Normality x Equivalent weight
If molarity is given: The molarity of hydrochloric acid is calculated by given formula :
nHCI XM HCI XVHCI =nNaCO, XMNaCo3 XVNazC03
The strength of HCl can then be calculated by the following formula :
Strength of HCl solution = Molarity x Molecular weight
Procedure
(i) Takea burette and wash it thoroughly. Rinse and fill it with HClsolution, Note the
initial burette reading (V, ).
(ii) Rinse the pipette with standard sodium carbonate solution and pipette out 10 ml of this
solution into a washed
titration flask.
(iii) Add 2-3 dropsof methyl orange indicator to the titration flask.
(iv) Place the titration flask just below the nozzle of the burette over a
white glazed tile.
(v) Add hydrochloric acid from the burette dropwise into the titration flask
with continuous shaking until the
colour of the solution just changes from yellow to pink. Note the final burette
reading (Vy).
Lab Chemistry XI 64
(vi) Throw the contents of the flask and
readings. wash it with waler. Repeat the experiment to get three concordant
Observations
Solution taken in burette =
Hydrochloricacid
Solution taken in titration flask =Sodium
carbonate solution
Indicator used =Methyl orange
End point =Yellow to
Volume of sodium carbonate solution taken pink
for each titration =10 ml
S. No. Initial Reading of Burette (V) Final Reading of Burette (V2) Volume of HCI Used (ml)
1.
2.
3.
4.

Concordant reading = x ml(say)

Calculations
(i) When normality is given :
NHCI XVHCI = NNaCO, XVNa,CO,
1
Or NHCI Xx= X 10
10

Or NHCI =N
X

Strength of HClsolution =Normality xEquivalent weight

1 36.5
xK36.5 = ggl
X X