UNIT-2

ACCESS THE INTERNET TO BROWSE INFORMATION AND EMAIL OPERATION

Access the Internet:

INTERNET: Interconnected Network

INTERNET is a short form of Interconnected Network of all the Web Servers Worldwide. It is also
called the World Wide Web or simply the Web.
Internet access is a facility or service that provides connectivity for a computer, a computer network,
or other network device to the Internet, and for individuals or organizations to access or use
applications such as email and the World Wide Web. Internet access is offered for sale by an
international hierarchy of Internet service providers (ISPs) using various networking technologies. At
the retail level, many organizations, including municipal entities, also provide cost-free access to the
general public.
There are three ingredients needed to access the Internet from a laptop or desktop computer.
(1) an ISP (2) a modem (3) a Web browser.

The Internet Service Provider (ISP):

Access to the Internet is through an Internet service provider (ISP), which can be a large company
such as Comcast or AT&T, or any of hundreds of smaller ISPs throughout the country. You are
generally offered unlimited access for a fixed rate per month, but if you download an excessive
amount of data, your download speed may be slowed.

The Modem:
Depending on the kind of service you have, you will need a unit of hardware called a "modem" for
connection. The modem receives information from your ISP through the phone lines, optical fiber, or
coaxial cable in your home (depending on your service provider) and converts it into a digital signal.
The router’s job is to push this signal out to connected devices, either through wired Ethernet cables
or WiFi, so that all of your devices can hop on board and access the Internet. Your router and ISP
can’t communicate directly because they speak different languages—or rather, they transmit different
signal types—which is why the modem’s role as a translator is so important.
 Browsing the Web:
A web browser is an application for accessing websites. When a user requests a web page from a
particular website, the browser retrieves its files from a web server and then displays the page on the
user's screen. Browsers are used on a range of devices, including desktops, laptops, tablets,
and smartphones. In 2020, an estimated 4.9 billion people have used a browser. The most
used browser is Google Chrome, with a 64% global market share on all devices, followed
by Safari with 19%.

Sending Email:
Although email can be sent and received using your Web browser with a service such as Gmail or
Yahoo! Mail, your computer may come with a dedicated email program that is already installed. For
example, the Mac comes with Mail, while Windows has renamed its free program many times:
Outlook Express, Windows Mail, Windows Live Mail and Mail. Configuring your locally installed
email program may require some assistance. For the differences and advantages of using the Web
versus a locally installed email program,
Some of the ways to access the internet include:
 Mobile connection
 Dial-up
 Satellite
 Wireless connection
 Broadband
 Hotspots
 DSL

Types of internet connections:

Internet Connections can be categorized based on various factors such as latency, range,
strength, connection, bandwidth and contention.

1. Wi-Fi hotspots: These sites offer internet access over WLAN, a Wireless Local Area Network,
through a router that connects to an internet provider. Hotspots use Wi-Fi technology that uses radio
waves to connect electronic devices to the internet or for wireless data exchanges. A hotspot can
either be free-standing or phone-based, free or commercial.
 2. Broadband: This is a high-speed connection provided via telephone or cable companies. It is
among the fastest options currently, and it uses several multiple channels to transfer massive volumes
of information. Broadband is short for broad bandwidth. Connections like cable and DSL are regarded
as high-bandwidth connections. Although most DSL connections are viewed as broadband, not all
broad bandwidth connections are DSL.

3. Dial-up: In dial-up connections, users have to link their phone line to a computer to access the
internet. This type of connection, also known as analogue, restricts users from making or receiving
phone calls via their phone service when using the internet. Although dial-up connections were
commonly used before, they are currently outdated.

4. Satellite: A satellite internet connection could be available in areas where a broad bandwidth
connection is unavailable. Similar to wireless access, a satellite connection uses a modem.

5. Cable: Cable internet connections fall under broadband connections. Users can access the internet
over cable TV lines using a cable modem. These modems typically offer fast access to the internet,
making this type of connection desirable to many internet users.

6. DSL: DSL is the acronym for Digital Subscriber Line, and it utilizes existing 2-wire copper phone
lines connected to a user's home. Internet service is delivered simultaneously with landline phone
services. Unlike dial-up connections, users can make calls while still browsing the internet.

7. ISDN: Integrated Service Digital Network, commonly ISDN, enables users to send video, voice
content, and data over standard or digital telephone lines. The user and the internet access provider
must install an ISDN adapter at both ends of this transmission. Other than these seven, other options
include Optical Carrier, T-1 lines, and T-3 lines.

Advantages of The Internet:

 Finding Information. Searching For Information on The Internet. ...
 Making Online Payments, Finance, and Banking. Payments, Finance, and Banking on The Internet. ...
 Communication. Communication on the Internet. ...
 Online Shopping. Online Shopping on The Internet. ...
 Entertainment. ...
 Playing Games.

Disadvantages of the Internet:

 Addiction, time-waster, and causes distractions. ...
 Bullying, trolls, stalkers, and crime. ...
 Spam and advertising. ...
 Pornographic and violent images. ...
 Never being able to disconnect from work. ...
 Identity theft, hacking, viruses, and cheating. ...
 Affects focus and patience.

USE A SEARCH ENGINE:

A search engine is a software program that helps people find the information they are looking for
online using keywords or phrases. Search engines are able to return results quickly—even with
millions of websites online—by scanning the Internet continuously and indexing every page they find.

search engines can be used for a variety of tasks, including:

 Finding information
 Researching topics
  Shopping for products and services
 Planning travel
 Getting directions
 Finding reviews and recommendations
 Translating languages
 Converting units and currencies
 Finding definitions and explanations
 Finding images and videos
 Finding people
 Finding jobs
 Finding educational resources
 Finding financial information
 Finding health information
 Finding legal information
 Finding government information
 Finding entertainment
 Staying informed
 Learning new things

Types Of Search Engines In The Internet World:

The last type of search engine is the metasearch engine, which pulls results from multiple sources.
There are seven types of search engines: general, vertical, hybrid, metasearch, web search, image
search, and video search engines.
1. General Search Engines: A general-purpose search engine is a search engine that indexes and
ranks web pages based on their content for a wide range of topics. The most popular general-purpose
search engines are Google, Yahoo, and Bing.
2. Vertical Search Engine: A vertical search engine is a search engine that specializes in a particular
type of content. Vertical search engines are often used to find specific types of information, such as
images, videos, news, or product reviews. Some popular vertical search engines include Google
Images, YouTube, and Amazon.
3. Hybrid Search Engine: A hybrid search engine is a search engine that uses more than one search
algorithm to find results. This means that the search engine can use different techniques to find the
best results for a query.
The advantage of using a hybrid search engine is that it can find results that other search engines may
miss. For example, if one search engine only looks at websites and the other only looks at images, a
hybrid search engine can look at both to find the best results.
Hybrid search engines usually have two parts: a crawler and an indexer. The crawler finds new
content, while the indexer keeps track of all the content that has been found. Together, these two parts
ensure that the hybrid search engine has the most up-to-date information possible.
4. Meta Search Engine: A meta search engine is a search engine that aggregates results from
multiple other search engines and presents them to the user in a single list. Metasearch engines are
often used to compare results from different general-purpose or vertical search engines. Some popular
metasearch engines include Dogpile and Meta Crawler.
5. Web Search Engines: Web search engines are the most common type of search engine. They
allow users to search for websites by keyword or phrase. The results of a web search are typically a
list of websites that match the user’s query.
6. Image Search Engines: Image search engines allow users to search for images by keyword or
phrase. The results of an image search are typically a list of images that match the user’s query.
7. Video Search Engines: Video search engines allow users to search for videos by keyword or
phrase. The results of a video search are typically a list of videos that match the user’s query.

Information on the topic of interest on the internet:

 A search engine is a website that collects and organizes information on the internet and makes it
available for searching. Search engines use algorithms to display the most relevant search results
based on trends, your location, and sometimes even your web activity. Many search engines have
mobile apps that make searching easier on your phone or tablet. Check out some of the most popular
search engines:
 Google is the most popular search engine in the world. It's so popular that the word
"Googling" is often used in place of "searching the web." Google also has special image and
video search features that make it easy to find all sorts of media.
 Bing is Microsoft's answer to Google, and the second most popular search engine. Many of
Google's functions, like image and video searching, are also available on Bing.
 Yahoo used to be the largest search engine in the world. These days, it's powered by Bing and
delivers similar results.
 DuckDuckGo is a privacy-focused search engine that doesn't collect or store your personal
information. In fact, this search engine is so privacy-focused that it doesn't even look at your
location or IP address.
 Startpage.com is another search engine focused on privacy, but it uses Google's search engine
in the background instead of its own program.[2] The benefit is that you'll get Google's
excellent quality results without sacrificing your personal data.
 Swisscows is another privacy-focused search engine, but it uses its own software that gives
relevant results influence by semantics.[3]
 Yandex is one of the most popular search engines in Russia, but the English version has
gained traction in other countries, including the United States
.

Go to a search engine.
1. Google is the most popular search engine in the world. ...
2. Bing is Microsoft's answer to Google, and the second most popular search engine. ...
3. Yahoo used to be the largest search engine in the world. ...
4. DuckDuckGo is a privacy-focused search engine that doesn't collect or store your personal
information.

 Vary Your Search Engine. ...

 Use Specific Keywords. ...
 Simplify Your Search Terms. ...
 Use Quotation Marks. ...
 Remove Unhelpful Words. ...
 Refine Your Search Using Operators.

STEPS REQUIRED TO REGISTR FOR WEB-BASED E-MAIL ACCOUNT

Gmail is free and simple to use. You can sign up for Gmail and use it in any web browser, or
download the Gmail app for your iPhone, Android phone, or tablet. To create a Gmail account,
visit https://accounts.google.com/signup.
From there:
 Enter your first and last name.
 Type in your chosen username. This will be the first part of your email address (the part that
comes before @gmail.com).
 Enter your password, then type it again in the Confirm box. Your password must be at least 8
characters long and contain a mixture of letters, numbers, and other symbols.
 Click Next.
 If you like, enter a recovery email address and phone number in case you get locked out of
your new email address. These steps are optional.
 Enter your birthdate and gender.
 Click Next again.
  Review the terms and services and click I Agree.
Enjoy your new free Gmail account!

ACESS E-MAIL WITH ATTACHMENTS:

E-MAIL:-
Electronic mail, commonly shortened to “email,” is a communication method that uses electronic
devices to deliver messages across computer networks. "Email" refers to both the delivery system and
individual messages that are sent and received.
E-mail attachments are files you send along with the email to support its content or add valve
or information to the email. A file can be anything like a video, audio, image, chart web page or
requires a separate download. The purpose of an attachment is to add value to that email, and provide
more data to the reader to support the content, which the sender cannot include in the email body. The
attachment can be of any format and the size varies depending on the email service provider.
The below steps explain how to write an email with an attachment sample:
1.Finalise what files you wish to send : Before you write the email, make sure you know that what file
you require sending with the mail and its location on your computer. This makes it easy to promptly
locate and attach them to the email. This step not only saves time but also helps ensure you attach the
correct files. It can also help you reference the file correctly in the email body.
2.Add the email’s subject line: The subject line is very important, as it is the first thing the receiver
notices about the email. Relevant and concise subject lines are usually more effective.
3.Compose the email’s body: The next step in the email writing process is to write the email’s body.
The length of it depends on the purpose of the email. For example, if your email only requires the
attachments to be sent, the body can be short. But if the attachments are supporting files of the email,
they require a mention in the email body along with brief description of the contents.
4. Attach the files: Once you are content with the email’s body, it is time to attach the files to the
email .You can take this step at any point in the email writing process. Attaching the files before
writing the email’s body ensures that you include the correct files and can add or remove files after
composing the email body, if required.
5.Review and send the email: Once the above steps are complete, go through the email’s subject line
and body for any errors. Ensure that you have attached the right files to avoid any miscommunication.
Explin E-mail operations :
Below are the operations that are performed on an email.
Creating Email account:
We have many email service provider at present such as Gmail, Yahoo, rediff, Hotmail etc

Create an Email or Gmail account

1. Go to the Google Account sign in page.
2. Click Create account.
3. Follow the steps on the screen to set up your account.
4. Use the account you created to sign in to Gmail

Compose and send email

1. On your computer, go to Gmail.
2. At the top left, click Compose.
3. In the "To" field, add recipients. You can also add recipients: In the "Cc" and "Bcc" fields. ...
4. Add a subject.
5. Write your message.
6. At the bottom of the page, click Send.

steps to read an e-mail.

 1.Once logged in, make sure you are on the Mail tab on the top left.
2.To view your e-mail messages, click on Inbox.
3.To read, double click on the message you want to open.
4.To reply, click the Reply button at the top of an opened message.

Reply to messages in E-mail

1. On your computer, go to Gmail.
2. Open the message.
3. Below the message, click: Reply: Send the message to the sender. Reply all: Send the
message to the sender and anyone in the “To:” and “Cc:” lines.
4. Enter a message.
5. Click Send.
Forwarding Email:
1. On your computer, open Gmail using the account you want to forward messages from. ...
2. In the top right, click Settings. ...
3. Click the Forwarding and POP/IMAP tab.
4. In the "Forwarding" section, click Add a forwarding address.
5. Enter the email address you want to forward messages to.
6. Click Next Proceed

Delete all messages email:

1.On your computer, go to Gmail.
2.On the left, select your inbox, label, or another category.
3.At the top left, above your messages, check the Select box. A notification that shows the
number of selected conversations is displayed. ...
4.At the top, click Delete.