1.

Research: Meaning, Types, and Characteristics

1. Which of the following is the best definition of research?

a) Finding information from books
b) A systematic investigation to establish facts
c) Reading and summarizing articles
d) Conducting surveys for entertainment
2. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of research?
a) Systematic process
b) Based on evidence
c) Random and unstructured
d) Objective analysis
3. Applied research aims to:
a) Develop new theories
b) Solve practical problems
c) Study past events
d) Test hypotheses in a controlled setting
4. Which type of research is conducted purely for knowledge enhancement?
a) Applied research
b) Basic research
c) Action research
d) Experimental research
5. The positivist approach to research emphasizes:
a) Subjective interpretation
b) Objective measurement
c) Personal opinions
d) Philosophical arguments
6. Post-positivist research acknowledges that:
a) Absolute truth can be determined
b) Reality is complex and influenced by human perception
c) Only experiments provide valid data
d) There is no need for empirical evidence
7. Which of the following is an example of qualitative research?
a) Analyzing numerical data
b) Conducting interviews
c) Measuring student test scores
d) Performing statistical tests
8. Which research type focuses on past events?
a) Experimental
b) Historical
 c) Descriptive
d) Correlational
9. Action research is primarily used for:
a) Improving practices within a specific setting
b) Studying large populations
c) Developing new laws
d) Measuring statistical relationships
10. Which of the following is NOT a research type?
a) Descriptive
b) Experimental
c) Philosophical
d) Historical

2. Methods of Research

11. Which research method is best suited for studying cause-and-effect relationships?
a) Descriptive
b) Experimental
c) Historical
d) Qualitative
12. Descriptive research is primarily concerned with:
a) Explaining why events occur
b) Describing characteristics of a population or phenomenon
c) Manipulating variables
d) Establishing causal relationships
13. Historical research involves:
a) Conducting surveys
b) Analyzing past records and documents
c) Conducting laboratory experiments
d) Observing present behaviors
14. Which of the following is an example of qualitative research?
a) Statistical analysis of student grades
b) Interviewing teachers about classroom experiences
c) Measuring temperature changes in an experiment
d) Counting customer footfall in a store
15. Which research method uses numerical data and statistical tools?
a) Qualitative
b) Quantitative
c) Narrative
d) Phenomenological
16. A case study is an example of:
a) Experimental research
b) Qualitative research
 c) Quantitative research
d) Historical research
17. Survey research is commonly used in:
a) Experimental research
b) Qualitative research
c) Descriptive research
d) Historical research
18. In experimental research, the independent variable is:
a) The one being measured
b) The one being manipulated
c) Unrelated to the study
d) A constant factor
19. A mixed-methods approach combines:
a) Qualitative and quantitative research
b) Experimental and historical research
c) Descriptive and philosophical research
d) Theoretical and applied research
20. Which of the following is a key characteristic of qualitative research?
a) Objective measurement
b) Generalization of results
c) Deep exploration of individual experiences
d) Use of large sample sizes

3. Steps of Research

21. The first step in the research process is:

a) Collecting data
b) Identifying a research problem
c) Writing a thesis
d) Drawing conclusions
22. Which step involves forming a research question or hypothesis?
a) Data collection
b) Literature review
c) Problem identification
d) Data analysis
23. Reviewing literature helps in:
a) Justifying the research problem
b) Writing the conclusion
c) Conducting experiments
d) Avoiding data collection
24. Data analysis in research is important for:
a) Drawing meaningful conclusions
b) Writing references
 c) Collecting participant information
d) Skipping the literature review
25. Which of the following is NOT a step in research?
a) Data collection
b) Literature review
c) Making assumptions without evidence
d) Hypothesis formulation
26. Which research step helps to test a hypothesis?
a) Data collection
b) Experimentation
c) Literature review
d) Problem formulation
27. In research, data collection methods include:
a) Surveys and experiments
b) Guesswork
c) Copying previous studies
d) Relying only on opinions
28. Which step follows data analysis in research?
a) Literature review
b) Drawing conclusions
c) Formulating the problem
d) Selecting participants
29. The final step in a research study is:
a) Writing the conclusion
b) Collecting data
c) Conducting experiments
d) Reviewing literature
30. Why is hypothesis formulation important in research?
a) It provides direction to the study
b) It helps avoid literature review
c) It ensures unnecessary data collection
d) It simplifies the research process

1. Which of the following is a key component of a thesis?

a) Movie review

b) Abstract

c) Advertisement

d) Personal diary
2. The section of a thesis that presents a summary of the study is called:

a) Introduction

b) Literature Review

c) Abstract

d) Methodology

3. Which referencing style is commonly used in social sciences?

a) MLA

b) APA

c) Chicago

d) IEEE

4. In APA referencing, which element is written in italics?

a) Author’s name

b) Year of publication

c) Title of the book

d) Page number

5. Which part of a research article provides background information on the topic?

a) Abstract

b) Literature Review

c) Results

d) References

6. Which of the following is NOT a citation style?

a) MLA
b) APA. c) Chicago. d) Excel

7. Which referencing style is widely used in engineering and computer science?

a) Harvard

b) IEEE

c) APA

d) MLA

8. A properly formatted bibliography includes:

a) Only the title of the books

b) Author, title, publisher, and year of publication

c) Only the author’s name

d) Page numbers only

9. In article writing, the section where data interpretation occurs is called:

a) Results

b) Discussion

c) Introduction

d) References

10. Which referencing style uses footnotes for citations?

a) APA

b) Harvard

c) Chicago

d) IEEE
Application of ICT in Research

11. ICT in research stands for:

a) Internet and Communication Tools

b) Information and Communication Technology

c) International Computer Techniques

d) Interactive Coding Training

12. Which software is commonly used for statistical analysis in research?

a) Photoshop

b) SPSS

c) Notepad

d) VLC Media Player

13. A Learning Management System (LMS) is used for:

a) Managing research projects

b) Tracking student learning

c) Publishing personal blogs

d) Gaming

14. Which of the following is an ICT tool for referencing and citation management?

a) Excel

b) Mendeley

c) VLC Media Player

d) Paint
15. Which search engine is most commonly used for academic research?

a) Yahoo b) Google Scholar . c) Bing. d) Facebook

16. Which of these is a digital repository for research papers?

a) ResearchGate

b) YouTube

c) Wikipedia

d) Twitter

17. Which of the following is NOT an ICT tool for research?

a) NVivo

b) Zotero

c) Instagram

d) EndNote

18. Which software is best for plagiarism detection?

a) Microsoft Word

b) Turnitin

c) Adobe Photoshop

d) Excel

19. Big data analysis in research is often done using:

a) SPSS

b) R Programming

c) PowerPoint

d) Canva

20. Which tool is commonly used for online surveys in research?

a) MS Paint

b) Google Forms . c) VLC Media Player. d) Notepad

Research Ethics

21. Which of the following is a key principle of research ethics?

a) Plagiarism

b) Integrity

c) Fabrication of data

d) Ignoring informed consent

22. What is the purpose of informed consent in research?

a) To ensure participation is voluntary

b) To force participation

c) To make the study secret

d) To collect personal data without permission

23. Plagiarism in research refers to:

a) Ethical data collection

b) Using someone else’s work without proper credit

c) Proper referencing

d) Conducting experiments legally

24. Which of the following is considered research misconduct?

a) Citing sources correctly

b) Falsifying data

c) Peer reviewing articles. d) Conducting surveys

25. Confidentiality in research means:

a) Keeping participant information private

b) Publishing all data publicly

c) Sharing participant details with sponsors

d) Ignoring data privacy

26. What does the Helsinki Declaration focus on?

a) Research ethics in medical studies

b) Environmental research guidelines

c) AI-based research

d) Business ethics

27. Which of the following ensures ethical treatment of human research subjects?

a) IRB (Institutional Review Board)

b) Plagiarism checkers

c) Digital libraries

d) ResearchGate

28. Fabrication of data means:

a) Creating false data

b) Collecting real information

c) Properly analyzing data

d) Writing accurate references

29. Which ethical issue arises when a researcher favors results that benefit sponsors?
a) Data integrity

b) Conflict of interest . c) Confidentiality. d) Voluntary participation

30. The primary purpose of research ethics is to:

a) Promote fraudulent data

b) Protect the rights of participants

c) Encourage plagiarism

d) Avoid peer review