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Timber and Defects.pptx

The document outlines various defects in timber caused by natural forces, insects, seasoning, and fungi. It details specific issues such as chemical stains, knots, shakes, and insect damage, as well as defects resulting from improper seasoning like bowing and honeycombing. Additionally, it describes types of rot, including dry rot and blue stain, highlighting the impact of these defects on timber quality and usability.

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ashgaiks2003
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3 views

Timber and Defects.pptx

The document outlines various defects in timber caused by natural forces, insects, seasoning, and fungi. It details specific issues such as chemical stains, knots, shakes, and insect damage, as well as defects resulting from improper seasoning like bowing and honeycombing. Additionally, it describes types of rot, including dry rot and blue stain, highlighting the impact of these defects on timber quality and usability.

Uploaded by

ashgaiks2003
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TIMBER

AYUSH GAIKWAD
ROLL NO. : 05
ABCM
ACADEMY OF ARCHITECTURE
Defects in
. Chemical stain

. Knots

timber due to . Shakes

natural forces . Twisted fiber

. Rind galls

. Upsets

. Burls
Chemical stain :: The wood ia some time Knots : knots are probably the most common
discoloured by the chemical action caused with it defect in timber . Knots occur were a branch has
by some external agency. This is called chemical grown out of the trunk . A lot of knots means the
stain. timber is difficult to work .
Shakes : Shakes are cracks in timber. Arising in Twisted fiber : These are caused by wind
cut timber they generally cause a reduction in constantly turning the trunk of young tree in one
strength. When found in a log they can result in a direction. Wood with twisted fibres is known as
significant amount of waste, when a log is reaction wood.
converted to lumber.
Ring galls : These types of wood defects occur Upsets : Upsets in various wood indicate that the
when a tree branch is incorrectly removed and is tree was subjected to crushing or compression.
characterised by a growth of layers forming a Improper felling of trees, heavy wind blowing
callous over an injured part of the tree. during the young age of the tree these are the
main reasons behind this type of defect.
Burls : A burl is a growth on a tree formed from
unsprouted bud tissue. The burl forms large,
knobby-looking growths on the base and trunk
of the tree. Stress caused by injury, fungus, a
virus, or insects creates intense grain patterns.
In addition, rapid growth in burls causes further
stress and pressure on the wood.
Defects in
timber due to . Termites

insect
. Beetles

. Marine bores
Termites, Beetles, Marine borers: Insects like
beetles, termites or marine boars eat wood, make
holes and weaken the strength of the wood.
Beetles are small insects that make holes in
almost all the sapwoods. The larvae make tunnels
through the sapwood in all directions and turn
wood into powder.
. Bow

Defects due to . Cup

seasoning
. Split

. Twist

. Honey combing
Bow : Curvature formed in direction of the length
Cup: Curvature formed in the transverse
of the timber is called bow.
direction of the timber is called a cup.

Split: Split is a special type of check that extends


from one end to another
Check: Check is a kind of crack that separates
fibers, but it doesn't extend from one end to
another.
Honey Combing: Stress is developed in the
heartwood during the drying process or
seasoning. For these stresses, cracks are created
in the form of honeycomb texture.
Deffects In . Dry rot
timber due to . Wet rot

attack by fungi . Brown rot

. Heart rot

. Blue stain
Dry rot : Absence of sunlight, dampness, presence Brown rot : The cellulose compounds of the wood
of sap will increase the growth of dry rot, causing are consumed by certain types of fungi, which
fungi. then makes the wood brownish

Heart rot : Heart rot is generated in the trees


when fungi attack the heartwood through its
newly formed branch. This type of fungi makes
the tree hollow by consuming heartwood. This
defect is known as heart rot.
Wet rot : Wet rot is caused by fungi that
decompose the timber and convert it into a
grayish-brown powder form.
Blue stain : Blue stain is a fungous defect that is
caused by the growth of fungi in wood. It is found
in both hard. and softwoods, and several species
of fungi have been associated with its
development.

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