UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY

AND POLITICS (QUARTER 2)

Name: ____________________________ Grade Level: __________
Section: ___________________________ Date: ________________
WEEK 1

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

FORMS AND FUNCTIONS OF STATE AND NON-STATE INSTITUTIONS

BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR LEARNERS

Institution is a mechanism which governs the behavior of a set of individuals within a

given community. The state is the institution whose functions are carried out by the
government. It is supported in whole or in part by general fund moneys. Its role is to
make a positive legislative environment and policy framework that enables various
arms of the state to explore and achieve their potential while maintaining a high
standard of operation to protect public interest. Its primary functions are maintenance
of peace and order and the regulation and control of the lives of the people as well as
addressing the needs of the citizenry of a certain degree of social order. Therefore, its
major scopes are political and economic institutions. Political Institution is universal in
all the societies of the world. This is the system of power and authority which is used
to maintain social order. Political Institution is a complex of social norms and rules that
serve to maintain social order to exercise power to compel conformity to the existing
system of authority and to provide the means for changes in the legal or administrative
System. Economic Institutions refer to two things: a) Specific agencies or foundations,
both government and private, devoted to collecting or studying economic data, or
commissioned with the job of supplying a good or service that is important to the
economy of a country. The Bureau of Internal Revenues (the government tax-
collection agency), the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (the government producer of
money), the National Bureau of Economic Research (a private research agency) are
all examples of economic institutions. B) Wellestablished arrangements and structures
that are part of the culture or society, e.g., competitive markets, the banking system,
kids’ allowances, customary tipping, and a system of property rights are examples of
economic institutions.

The main functions of economic institutions are:

1. Reciprocity is defined as the system of exchange in which goods or

services passed from one individual or group to another as a gifts without the need for
explicit contracting for specific payments.

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 A. General Reciprocity- This happens when there is no expectation of
immediate exchange for the given gifts. People are motivated by the sense of
obligations towards the welfare of the others like when parents of a simple family
provide goods and services to the children even though children may not
reciprocate in kind. For example, if you are shopping with a friend and you buy him
a cup of coffee, you may expect him to buy you one in return at some time in the
future.
B. Balance Reciprocity- This happens between persons who lack a sense of
kinship or obligation to help one another with no expectation of return, but who
each has something that the other would like to have. Balanced reciprocity is likely
to occur when a return gift is expected within a relatively short time. Simple barter
or supermarket purchases involve this understanding. If you walk out of a store
without paying for the goods that you have taken, you very likely will be stopped
by the store employees and possibly arrested because you failed to immediately
reciprocate with the appropriate amount of money.
C. Negative Reciprocity- This happens when an individual or group in
reciprocal exchange system attempts to get more than what it gives. Negative
Reciprocity may take place through deceit in bargaining or outright theft because
the profit motive precedes over generosity. For instance, your neighbor may be
offered a new job in a distant city starting in two days. She desperately needs to
sell her car before she leaves. It is nearly new and it costs her P500,000. You
offer her P250,000 which she reluctantly accepts because there is no other choice.
Your taking advantage of her situation resulted in negative reciprocity.

2. Redistribution is when members of an organized group contribute money

into a common pol of fund. A central authority usually has the privilege and
responsibility to make decisions about the goods or money later will be allocated
among the group as a whole. Example of this is the taxes that are collected from
individuals dependent on their personal income and then that money is distributed to
other members of society through various government programs.
3. Market Transactions is when goods are sold for money, which in turn is
used to purchase other goods, with the ultimate goal of acquiring more money and
accumulating more goods. Markets may be represented by physical locations where
transactions are made. These include retail stores and other similar businesses that
sell individual items to wholesale markets selling goods to other distributors. Stores
may also be virtual. Internet-based stores and auction sites such as Amazon and eBay
are examples of markets where transactions can take place entirely online and the
parties involved never connect physically.
Non-state institutions on the other hand, are groups and organizations which
operate outside the support of any state or government. They are referred to be
‘stateless’ since they are considered to be independent of any state, although, they
usually collaborate with the government in implementing projects. Non-state
institutions assume different functions and focus on a specific objective. In general,
they develop certain services needed by members of the society for their progress.
Examples of which are:
1. Bank- This is a financial institution licensed to receive deposits and make
loans. Banks may also provide financial services such as wealth management,
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 currency exchange, and safe deposit boxes. There are several different kinds of banks
including retail banks, commercial or corporate banks, and investment banks. In most
countries, banks are regulated by the national government or central bank. BDO,
UnionBank, Chinabank and others are examples of banks in the Philippines.
2. Corporation- This is a legal entity that is separate and distinct from its
owners. Corporations enjoy most of the rights and responsibilities that individuals
possess: they can enter contracts, loan and borrow money, sue and be sued, hire
employees, own assets, and pay taxes. Some refer to it as a "legal person. San Miguel
Corporation, ABS-CBN and GMA Network are some examples of companies in the
Philippines.
3. Cooperatives- are people-centered enterprises owned, controlled and run
by and for their members to realize their common economic, social, and cultural needs
and aspirations. Multipurpose Cooperative is an example.
4. Trade Unions- are organizations made up of members (a membership-
based organization) and its membership must be made up mainly of workers. One of
a trade union's main aims is to protect and advance the interests of its members in the
workplace. Example of these are Federation of Free Workers (FFW), Kilusang Mayo
Uno (KMU), Sentro ng mga Nagkakaisa at Progresibong Manggagawa (SENTRO),
and the Trade Union Congress of the Philippines (TUCP).
5. Transnational Advocacy- Transnational advocacy organizations (TAOs)
are defined as “self-organized advocacy groups undertaking voluntary actions across
state borders in pursuit of what they deem the wider public interest.” Advocacy
organizations are known by different names: non-state actors, NGOs, transnational
advocacy networks. Example of this is the Greenpeace, an independent global
campaigning organization that acts to change attitudes and behavior, to protect and
conserve the environment, and to promote peace.
6. Development Agencies- Its main duty is to discover regional potential and
develop cooperation between the public sector, private sector and civil society. United
States Agency for International Development (USAID) the Inter-American Foundation
(IAF), and the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC)
African Development Foundation (ADF) are some examples.
7. International Organization- An international organization
(intergovernmental organization) is an organization established by a treaty or other
instrument governed by international law and possessing its own international legal
personality, such as the United Nations, the World Health Organization and NATO.

LEARNING COMPETENCY

Explain the forms and functions of state and non-state institutions.

DIRECTIONS

Let’s Start!

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 Hello learner, read and analyze the instruction in each activity. Write your
answers on the space provided. There will be a corresponding point for every correct
answer. Answer thoroughly and write legibly.
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1: KNOW YOUR WORD (Crossword Puzzle)
Look and write words that correspond to the definition below.

A A P I R A E X H E L
N P B A E F A M M Z E
B C O I D L N Z A U N
H A D N I O L U O G E
I L E S S C E G N G S
L E B T T T D E M E N
I B R I R D A E A D O
P A I T I O R T F I I
P S E U B R I D E G T
I I L T U A Z I R R A
N P R I T N N B C E R
E S E O I L A K U C O
S C I N O E F M S I P
A U G S N E E I D P R
R A N G O H R S E R O
E V I T A R E P O O C
S Y A N R D D T B C I
I N T Y O N I E A I M
Y U A L M A R K E T B
H A R E D A N R E Y S
Hints:
1. This refers to mechanisms which govern the behavior of a set of individuals within
a given community.
2. They provide safe deposit locker facilities and safe custody services to the
customers.
3. Its structure allows for the protection of the owners’ individual assets from that of
the company.
4. These are people-centered enterprises owned, controlled and run by and for their
members to realize their common economic, social, and cultural needs and
aspirations.
5. This is a place where two parties can gather to facilitate the exchange of goods
and services.
6. The system of exchange in which goods or services passed from one individual or
group to another as a gift without the need for explicit contracting for specific
payments.
7. A central authority who has the privilege and responsibility to make decisions on
the goods or money allocated among the group as a whole.
8. This is a political organization of society, a political body or institutions of
government.
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 9. These are groups and organizations which operate outside the support of any state
or government.
10. Any non-profit, voluntary citizens' group which is organized on a local, national or
international level.

LEARNING ACTIVITY 2: #RECIPROCATE #REDISTRIBUTE #MARKET

The following are some scenarios, places and events. Analyze if each
scenario is an example of reciprocity, redistribution or market
transaction. Write #Reciprocate, #Redistribute, or #Market in the space
provided before the number.
___________________1. Borrowing and lending of material goods other than money.
___________________2. Taxes collected from individuals.
___________________3. Exchange gifts during Christmas season
___________________4. A robber being sentenced into prison for a certain period of
time.
___________________5. The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) of the
Philippine Government
___________________6. Gambling
___________________7. Home shopping in this time of pandemic
___________________8. Donations from Sagip Kapamilya
___________________9. Shopee, Lazada and other online stores
___________________10. SM, Robinson’s and Xentro Malls trying to sell their
products even with the threat of pandemic
___________________11. If you see a friend in Robinson’s mall and buy him a
Macau Milk tea, you may expect him to buy you one in return at some time in the
future.
___________________12. The Social Amelioration Program (SAP) in this time of
COVID 19.
___________________13. The Land Reform Program by the government to give
lands to the landless.
___________________14. Pasabuy, Grabfood, Lalalove and other food hailing stores
___________________15. A teacher who makes an Activity Sheets that can be useful
for his/her students.

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 UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY
AND POLITICS
Name: ____________________________ Grade Level: __________
Section: ___________________________ Date: ________________
WEEK 2

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

FUNCTIONS OF EDUCATION IN SOCIETY

BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR LEARNERS

The primary concern of education is helping individuals become productive

citizens in society. However, it is important to note that productivity encompasses
many meanings in the context of education and learning.
Being productive citizens in society means more than patriotic duties. It also
includes being financial contributors to the tax system, assisting others when they need
help, and knowing enough about the society. It is also important to note that every
citizen must function to be an informed and trustworthy person, and an intellectual
contributor to the government. You cannot be a productive citizen if you are not
informed about the society,
Education is the most crucial aspect of society which should be given great
attention for it to become the powerful tool to make every individual become the
catalyst of change. Changes are rampant in the society, but all of those are needed to
make the society progressive and functional. Society and every individual should work
hand in hand so that no one would be set aside and become outdated knowing that
we are now living in a highly modernized society. In order to achieve that, everyone
should be aware on the functions of education in the society.
Education is essential for every society and individual. It is life itself, not a preparation
for life. Man has various qualities. These qualities of the individual should be developed
for the improvement of the country. So education plays a complementary role for
overall individual, social and national development. It enables an individual to realize
his highest self and goal. The key functions and roles of education towards individual,
society and country are listed below.

Functions of education towards individual:

(1) Development of inborn potentialities- Education helps the child to develop the
inborn potentialities of child providing opportunities to develop.

(2) Modifying behavior- Education helps to modify the past behavior through learning
and through different agencies of education.
(3) All-round development- Education aims at the all-round development of
childphysical, mental, social, emotional, and spiritual.

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 (4) Preparing for the future- After completion of education the child can land on a
good job and earn a living. To achieve this, education should be imparted according
to the own interest of the child.

(5) Developing personality- The whole personality of the child is developed

physically, intellectually, morally, socially, aesthetically and spiritually. He is
recognized in the society.

(6) Helping for adjustability- Man differs from beast. Man has reasoning and thinking
power. Man tries his best to adjust with his own environment through education.

Functions of education towards society:

(1) Social change and control:

The society is never stationary. It is progressive and dynamic. The child lives in society.
It is the social environment where the personality of the child can be developed. The
old traditions and customs are preserved and transmitted with the situations, which are
ever changing. We should not think or believe in the blind beliefs, which are hindrances
towards our development. Education helps to walk with the development of science
and technology.

(2) Reconstruction of experiences:

Education is life-long process. Life is education and education is life. Life is full of
experiences. One cannot live with his past experiences alone. He should be able to
adjust in the society. So education helps the individual to reconstruct the experience
and adjust with the environment.

(3) Development of social and moral value:

Society is always in tension with narrowism. There is no social or moral value. In this
case, man is behaves like an animal. Animality can be changed with moral education.
Education teaches the moral value and social value like co-operation, tolerance,
sympathy, fellow feelings, love affection, respect towards elder, helping the poor and
needy persons.

(4) Providing opportunity or equality:

Indian Constitution has introduced the term ‘equality’ because we are not getting equal
opportunities in all aspects. Education teaches us to give equal opportunities in all
aspects irrespective of caste, creed, color, sex and religion.

Functions of education towards nation:

(1) Inculcation of civic and social responsibility- Education helps to make rising
generation to understand its rights and duties as citizens of a democratic country.
(2) Training for leadership- The leadership quality of the individual is developed when
he participates in all spheres of social, political, religious and educational activities.

(3) National integration- We are living in one country having diversities in respect of
color, caste, language, diet, dress, habits and physical environment.

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 Educational integration leads to emotional integration. Education trains people for
unity, not for locality, for democracy and not for dictatorship.

Education serves the most important end of educating man.

(4) Total national development- Education helps in bringing about total national
development by developing all its aspects i.e. social, economic, cultural, spiritual,
moral, educational, etc.

Therefore, education is an essential ingredient for all ages and stages of the life
of an individual, society, as well as the nation. Education can be a real panacea for all
social evils.

Education is a social institution through which a society’s children are taught

basic academic knowledge, learning skills, and cultural norms. Every nation in the
world is equipped with some forms of educational systems, though those systems vary
greatly. Education can be formal or informal.

Formal education is described as the learning of academic facts and concepts

through a formal curriculum, arising from the tutelage of ancient Greek thinkers,
centuries of scholars have examined.

In contrary, informal education is learning about cultural values, norms, and

expected behaviours by participating in a society. Through informal education, we
learn how to dress for different occasions, how to perform regular life routines like
shopping for and preparing food, and how to keep our bodies clean.

EDUCATION AS HUMAN RIGHT

Education as human right began in 1995 through UNESCO Associated Schools

Program. According to UNESCO, education human right as it promotes individual
freedom, empowerment, and yields important development benefits.
As stated in Youth For Human Rights, “education shall be directed to the full
development of human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights
and fundamental freedom”.

Since it is highly emphasized how important education is in the formation and

development of a society, the act of providing basic necessities to ensure a child’s
education must be in the forefront of a government’s ideologies and goals.

LEARNING COMPETENCY

Examine the functions and importance of education in the society

LEARNING ACTIVITY 1: SELF TEST.
Directions. In 3-4 sentences, write in the box the insight/s you have gained
about the role of educational institution in the lives of the people in society.

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 LEARNING ACTIVITY 2: ICT INTEGRATION. SLOGAN MAKING:
Directions. Make a personal commitment to the educational institution. Create
a slogan suggesting the importance of education in the lives of the people in
society. Use the application canva to accomplish this task. The digital output
shall be posted in the following social media platform. If you have no access to
the internet use bond paper for your output.
• Facebook
CANVA
• Instagram
• Google Chrome

RUBRIC FOR SCORING

Criteria
Relevance 30 %

Originality 30 %

Creativity 25 %

Impact and Presentation 15 %

Total Score 100 %

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 UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY
AND POLITICS
Name: ____________________________ Grade Level: __________
Section: ___________________________ Date: ________________
WEEK 3

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR LEARNERS

Are you aware with the differences of people around you? As you notice people
vary in the clothes they wear, the cars they drive, the house they live in, the friends
they associate with and the job they do. They also vary in wealth, prestige, popularity
and many others. The layering of these social categories into higher and lower position
of prestige or respect is called Social stratification.
Social Stratification is used to describe the system of social standing. It is
used to describe society into different categories, ranks or classes during the early
times hence, this division led to social inequality and opportunity. Now a day’s stratified
society is all about classification of persons into groups based on shared
socioeconomic conditions. It describes the way in which different groups of people are
placed within society.
In modern Western societies, social stratification is typically defined in terms of
three social classes: the upper class, the middle class, and the lower class. In turn,
each class can be subdivided into the upper-stratum, the middle-stratum, and the lower
stratum. Moreover, a social stratum can be formed upon the bases of kinship, clan,
tribe, or caste, or all four.
Social stratification is a particular form of social inequality. All societies arrange
their members in terms of superiority, inferiority and equality. Stratification is a process
of interaction or differentiation whereby some people come to rank higher than others.
In one word, when individuals and groups are ranked, according to some commonly
accepted basis of valuation in a hierarchy of status levels based upon the inequality of
social positions, social stratification occurs. Social stratification means division of
society into different strata or layers. It involves a hierarchy of social groups. Members
of a particular layer have a common identity. They have a similar life style.

Types of Social Stratification:

Caste is a hereditary endogamous social group in which a person’s rank and its
accompanying rights and obligations are ascribed on the basis of his birth into a
particular group. For example-Brahmins, Kshyatryas, Vaishyas and Sudra Caste.
Class-Stratification on the basis of class is dominant in modern society. In this,
a person’s position depends to a very great extent upon achievement and his ability to
use to advantage the inborn characteristics and wealth that he may possess.

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 Estate system of medieval Europe provides another system of stratification
which gave much emphasis to birth as well as to wealth and possessions. Each estate
had a state.

Slavery had economic basis. In slavery, every slave had his master to whom he
was subjected. The master’s power over the slave was unlimited.

Endogamy is the practice of marrying within a specific social group, caste, or

ethnic group, rejecting those from others as unsuitable for marriage or other close
personal relationship.

Exogamy is the social norm of marrying outside one's social group. The group
defines the scope and extent of exogamy, and the rules and enforcement mechanisms
that ensure its continuity

Meritocracy is a political system in which economic goods and/or political power

are vested in individual people on the basis of talent, effort, and achievement, rather
than wealth or social class.

Social mobility is the movement of individuals, families, households, or other

categories of people within or between social strata in a society. It is a change in social
status relative to one's current social location within a given society.

LEARNING COMPETENCY
Examine the concept, characteristics and forms of stratification system using
sociological perspective.

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 LEARNING ACTIVITY 1: SEARCHING TIME
Search up, down and diagonal to find the important words related in our
lesson. Use the hints to locate the correct answer.

Hints

1. It is the arrangement or classification of something into different groups.

2. It is a custom that for a long time has been an important feature of some group
or society.
3. It is a form of discrimination. It occurs when people are wholly or partially
excluded from participating in the economic, social and political life of their
community, based on their belonging to a certain social class, category or
group.
4. It is a class structure that is determined by birth. Loosely, it means that in some
societies, if your parents are poor, you're going to be poor, too. ... America
prides itself on not having a caste system, because people can “pull themselves
up by their bootstraps,” and janitors can go to Harvard.
5. It is universal phenomenon denoting a category or group of persons having a
definite status in society which permanently determines their relation to other
groups.
6. It is the custom of marrying outside a community, clan, or tribe.
7. It is the practice of marrying within a specific social group, caste, or ethnic
group, rejecting those from others as unsuitable for marriage or other close
personal relationships.

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 8. It is government or the holding of power by people selected on the basis of their
ability.
9. It is the movement of individuals, families, households, or other categories of
people within or between social strata in a society.
10. It is a kind of vertical mobility which refers to mobility that is brought about by
changes in stratification hierarchy itself.

LEARNING ACTIVITY 2: IT’S TIME TO WRITE (Reflective Essay)

In a minimum of 250 words, write an essay by answering the following
question: How do social stratification differences affect your life as a
Senior High School student?

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 UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY
AND POLITICS
Name: ____________________________ Grade Level: __________
Section: ___________________________ Date: ________________
WEEK 4

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

SOCIAL INEQUALITY

BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR LEARNERS

Social inequality is a state characterized by the existence of unequal

opportunities and rewards for different social positions or statuses within a group or
society. It is a condition that contains structured and recurrent patterns of uneven
distributions of goods, wealth and resources. Social inequality results from a society
organized by hierarchies of class, race, and gender that unequally distributes access
to resources and rights.
Without equal opportunities, systemic patterns of discrimination and exclusion
prevent the poor and disadvantaged groups from accessing economic, political and
social resources, resulting in inequality traps — and the persistence of inequality
across generations. Hence, social inequality is a complex problem. However, it can be
addressed by various programs and initiatives of the government with the help of
nongovernmental organizations working together to ensure that opportunities are more
readily available for the nation's poorest people.
Executive Order No. 5, s. 2016 (EO 5) adopted the national long-term vision or
AmBisyon Natin 2040 as a guide for development planning. EO 5 further states that
all development plans until 2040 will be anchored on the long-term vision and that
these will emphasize the centrality of the Filipino people and their aspirations in the
planning, design, and implementation of government interventions for a matatag,
maginhawa, at panatag na buhay para sa lahat (strongly-rooted, comfortable, and
secure life for all). The following are government programs to address social inequality
based on the government’s long-term vision:
On Peace and Order
Mamamayang Ayaw sa Anomalya, Mamamayang Ayaw sa Iligal na Droga
(MASA-MASID)
This project of the Department of the Interior and Local
Government aims to heighten community involvement by mobilizing
the support of local stakeholders, volunteers, civic organizations,
faithbased organizations, and the private sectors in the fight against
illegal drugs, corruption, criminality and violent extremism. Thus,

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 helping in the realization of the mandate to promote peace and order,
ensure public safety and in upholding good governance.

On Infrastructure Development Build,

Build, Build (BBB Program)
In a report of Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), it
found that traffic congestion in Manila, caused mainly by poor
infrastructure, led to losses of about P2.4 billion in 2012, and that could
triple by 2030. Hence, Philippines suffers from unemployment and
poverty because of poor infrastructure.
This project aims to improve and accelerate infrastructure
spending and develop industries that will yield robust growth, create jobs
and improve the lives of Filipinos.
The key infrastructure projects under the BBB Program include:
(a) the Subic-Clark Railway; (b) the North-South railway projects
connecting Los Baños, Laguna to Tutuban, Manila and Clark Freeport
in Pampanga; (c) a 1,500-hectare industrial park in Clark, Pampanga;
and (d) an expanded Clark International Airport also in Pampanga. Other
projects are: (a) four energy facilities; (b) 10 water resource projects and
irrigation systems; (c) five flood control facilities; and (d) three
redevelopment programs.

On Social Protection Programs

The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps)
This program is a human development measure of the national
government that provides conditional cash grants to the poorest of the
poor, to improve the health, nutrition, and the education of children. Its
aim is to alleviate poverty through social assistance, and social
development.

Modified Conditional Cash Transfer (MCCT) Program

To complement 4Ps, this program was designed to reach out to
families who are definitely poor and more vulnerable and
disadvantaged. It aims to provide social protection services fit to the
needs of IPs, Homeless Street Families (HSF), and Families in Need
of Special Protection (FNSP).

Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act

This is a law in the Philippines that institutionalizes free tuition
and exemption from other fees in state universities and colleges
(SUCs), local universities and colleges (LUCs). This law is a significant
step towards improving the lives of underprivileged and marginalized
Filipinos.

On Rehabilitation and Development Plan

Bangon Marawi Comprehensive Rehabilitation and Recovery Program
(BMCRRP)
It shall bear the build back better principle in its rehabilitation
and recovery efforts, steering a culture of peace in Marawi

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 communities and the rest of Mindanao. These include programs and
projects in land resource management, social services, physical
infrastructure, livelihood and business development implemented by
the National Government or is in support of Local
Governmentimplemented projects.

On Science, Technology, and the Creative Arts

Stepping Up the Value Chain Program
This program is led by the Department of Science and Technology.
It aims to develop and promote the higher value and more complex
ITBPM services such as information technology, healthcare information
management, software engineering and development, animation, and
games development through capacity building and trainings,
international trade missions and exhibits. These will redound to more
jobs generated within ICT-related industries and non-ICT related
industries.

Next Wave Cities Program

The program focuses on the creation and development of ICT
hubs which will serve as business and innovation centers and investment
destinations outside Metro Manila thus creating economic opportunities
in these areas. As a collaborative project with the Information Technology
and Business Process Association of the Philippines (IBPAP), the
program aims to promote inclusive growth and development around the
country.

On Macroeconomic Policies
Livelihood Seeding Program (LSP)
This program of the Department of Trade and Industry aims for
the recovery and rehabilitation need of micro and small entrepreneurs
considered as the most vulnerable economic group during disasters
and calamities and can even address poverty incidence by providing
livelihood activities to relocated families. The objective is to provide
starter kit packages to micro and small entrepreneurs severely
affected by disasters to enable them to restart their businesses.

Rural Agro-Industrial Partnership for Inclusive Development and

Growth (RAPID Growth)
The RAPID Growth Project is an enterprise development
initiative that intends to propel micro and small businesses in high-growth
sectors to become innovative, productive and competitive to meet the
challenges of the global market. The project will provide a package of
sector-focused, firm-level, value chain-based and climate smart
assistance and financing program to agriculture-based processing
enterprises and entrepreneurial communities, supported by enabling
sectoral and trade policies designed to provide enhanced access to
institutional, regional and world markets.

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 Now, let us check how well you have learned. Different activities are given to
gauge your understanding on the topic through answering series of tasks.

Enjoy performing the different activities. If you have question/s feel free to text
or message the teacher via Facebook.

LEARNING COMPETENCY

Explain government programs and initiatives in addressing social inequalities.

(Quarter 2, Week 10).

LEARNING ACTIVITY 1: PHOTO-VOICE PRESENTATION

Choose one government program in addressing social inequality. Tell a
story or convey a message about the said government program using
series of pictures to produce a 3-minute photo-voice presentation.

For students who do not have gadget, draw or cut out pictures to depict a government
program in addressing social inequality. Make use of bond paper.

Note: Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times 17

 UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY
AND POLITICS
Name: ____________________________ Grade Level: __________
Section: ___________________________ Date: ________________
WEEK 5

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

ADDRESSING SOCIAL INEQUALITY

BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR LEARNERS

Previously, you have learned about the different programs that the government
implements to address social inequalities. Some of which are the universal health care
law, 4Ps and free tuition fee in State Universities and Colleges.
What is social inequality again? Social inequality occurs when resources in a
given society are distributed unevenly, typically through norms of allocation, that
engender specific patterns along lines of socially defined categories of persons. It is
the differentiation preference of access of social goods in the society brought about by
power, religion, kinship, prestige, race, ethnicity, gender, age, sexual orientation, and
class. Social inequality usually implies to the lack of equality of outcome, but may
alternatively be conceptualized in terms of the lack of equality of access to opportunity
(Caves, 2004).
Major examples of social inequality are gender inequality, racial or ethnic inequality
and health care inequality.
The emphasis on gender inequality is born out of the deepening division in the
roles assigned to men and women, particularly in the economic, political and
educational spheres. Women are underrepresented in political activities and decision
making processes in most states in both the Global North and Global South (UN,
2003). Before 1937, women are not allowed to vote in the Philippines and so are not
given positions in the government.
Moreover, Henrard (2000) stated that racial or ethnic inequality is the result
of hierarchical social distinctions between racial and ethnic categories within a society
and often established based on characteristics such as skin color and other physical
characteristics or an individual's place of origin or culture. In USA, in the 1950s and
before, African Americans experienced institutional discrimination. In some instances,
African Americans are not allowed to enter establishments for the Whites.
Ethnic and gender inequality are manifestations of what is called glass ceiling.
It is an unofficial but real impediment to somebody's advancement into upper-level
management positions because of discrimination based on the person's gender, age,
race, ethnicity, or sexual preference.

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 In addition, health inequalities are also barriers to equality. The United Nations
Glossary of Terms defined it as differences in health status or in the distribution of
health determinants between different population groups. Health inequalities are in
many cases related to access to health care. In industrialized nations, health
inequalities are most prevalent in countries that have not implemented a universal
health care system (Wright & Perry, 2010).
Social inequalities are present in all kinds of community whether in the local,
national or global level. As a Filipino citizen, there are a lot of ways you can do to
address social inequalities. For instance, you can start by promoting equality in the
classroom simply by acknowledging and respecting the ideas of your classmates
whether they are of different gender or ethnicity.

LEARNING COMPETENCY

Suggest ways to address social inequalities in the local, national, and global
level (Quarter 2, Week 11)

LEARNING ACTIVITY 1 – VocabulaRISE

Arrange the jumbled letters in Column A then match it with the correct
definition in Column B. Write your answer in the space provided before
the number.
Column A Column B

a. unequal opportunity or treatment

____1. acliso-____________ based on social, ethnic, racial, or
economic disparity

b. ethnic affiliation or distinctiveness

____2. dgrene-___________

c. relating to, situated in, or providing

a service for a particular area,
____3. allco-_____________
especially the area near home or
work
d. relating to the way in which people
____4. auntilyieq- ________ in groups behave and interact

e. personal traits and social positions

____5. nythetcii- _________ that a society attaches to being
female and male

LEARNING ACTIVITY 2 – GrammaRISE

Arrange the following jumbled words to form a correct sentence. Write

your answer in the space provided.

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 1. and ethnic categories result of hierarchical place of origin between racial Ethnic
inequality based on skin color or an individual's is the social distinctions often
______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________.

2. alternatively be conceptualized equality of access the lack of to opportunity

Social inequality equality of outcome, implies to the lack of but may in terms of
______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________.

3. some races is the belief that of people better than others Racism are
_____________________________________________________________.

4. the society differentiation preference Social inequality of access of is the social

goods in
______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________.
5. upper-level management because of discrimination Glass-ceiling is but real
impediment an unofficial to somebody's advancement into positions
______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________.

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 UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY
AND POLITICS
Name: ____________________________ Grade Level: __________
Section: ___________________________ Date: ________________
WEEK 6

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

NEW CHALLENGES TO HUMAN ADAPTATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE

BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR LEARNERS

In modern times, new challenges have been faced by society that require
members to strive for social change for the purpose of adaptation and development.
Any changes that would take place in the human environment greatly affect human
adaptation and survival. There are three major challenges being faced by various
countries and societies nowadays: climate change, transnational migration, and
pandemic diseases.

Climate change refers to the rise in average temperatures of the earth’s surface.
The primary cause of climate change is burning of fossil fuels which emits greenhouse
gases into the atmosphere-primarily carbon dioxide. It has been observed that global
climate change has ill effects to the environment. The rising of temperature that causes
heatstroke and skin diseases, glaciers have shrunk, ice on rivers and lakes is breaking
up earlier, and the loss of biodiversity due to limited adaptability and adaptability speed
of flora (plants) and fauna (animal life).

Transnational migration is the process by which individuals from one country

migrate to another country for economic, political and social reasons. One of the best
examples of transnational migration is the condition of OFW across different
geographical locations. The root causes of this large number of migration cases
among Filipinos are their families and issues on development.

Responding to Social, Political and Cultural Change

Every societal change entails certain reactions, responses and adaptations.

Individuals have several kinds of responses (positive and negative) to these growing
numbers of societal changes. Some easily adapt with the new changes being imposed,
but others reject systemic changes, causing them to establish social movements to
defeat or transform what has been already changed.

1. Inclusive citizenship and participatory governance. In a democratic society,

citizen participation in politics is encouraged. One of the leading organizations

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 espousing the goal of having more governments allowing intensive citizen
interaction in policy-making is the United Nations.
2. New forms of Media and Social Networking. Media has already undergone a
series of technological innovation and development. As society experienced
modernization, several forms of media-particularly social media-arose, resulting in
modernized development of communication.
3. Social Movements. Social movement is a process that involves three elements:
the individual, the group, and the society. Individuals are aware of their personal
qualities, characteristics, and values, enabling them to act according to what they
practice or believe in. When they experience any form of change in the society
where they belong to, reactions and responses follow. As a result, there is a series
of social interactions between the individual and the group, allowing them to
collaborate with same goals and objectives. This process paves the way to the
formation of social movements among different societies.
4. Creation of sustainable solutions. If this pandemic taught us anything, it is that
our life (as it used to be) is not sustainable for our planet. Human had to
experiment with digital solutions, be it virtual meetings for work, digital education
for students and virtual events instead of in person conferences. These proved not
only to be effective but also an environmentally-friendly way to operate in a
connected world.
5. Brand-new habits. The awareness for personal and public hygiene measures
saw a surge thanks to the contagion. Health authorities are advocating for regular
hand washing with soap, social distancing and people are getting used to wearing
facemasks for grocery shopping. These new-formed habits could linger way after
lockdowns are lifted, leading to overall better hygiene.

Let’s check your understanding on the topic through answering series of activities.

Enjoy performing the different activities. If you have question/s feel free to text or
message, the teacher via Facebook.

LEARNING COMPETENCY

Examine human responses to emerging challenges in contemporary societies.

(Quarter 2, Week 12)

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 ( Choose from Learning Activity 1 or Learning Activity 2 )

LEARNING ACTIVITY 1.1 - SCAVENGER HUNT

(NOTE: This activity is intended for students with internet access.)

This is a great activity for families get outdoors during this pandemic.
Go outside of your house for a walk and find these items. Take a
picture with them and post it on Facebook or send to the messenger of
your teacher with the following hashtags (#NatureLover
#ClimateChange)

LEARNING ACTIVITY 1.2 – POSTER MAKING

(Note: This activity is intended for students without internet access.)

Typhoon Ulysses (International name “Vamco”), the Philippines’ 21st tropical cyclone
for 2020, hit Luzon hardest from November 11 to 12. The typhoon unleashed powerful
winds and torrential rain that killed dozens of people, destroyed thousands of homes,
and left swatches of the island region flooded. This is just the latest reminder of lessons
that the natural environment seems to be “teaching” us with every passing event in its
unceasing transformation.

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 From the news and facebook post that you have watch and read, make a poster about
the damage caused by typhoon Ulysses. You will be graded using the rubric for scoring
below.

LEARNING ACTIVITY 2 – PUSH AND PULL!

International and internal migration may be forced or voluntary. Often
the causes of migration can involve both push and pull factors. Put the
phrases below in their correct headings.
- Better climate - Better Housing
- Wars causing refugees - Poverty on poor farmland

- Racial discrimination - Employment with higher wages

- Better healthcare and - Starvation education

- Improved prospects - Cleaner, safer environment
- To be with friends and relatives - Lack of basic amenities
- Unemployment - Better lifestyle
- Forced labour (Slavery) - Religious/political persecution
- Natural Disasters - Overpopulation
- Entertainment -

Push Factors (forced migration) Pull Factors (voluntary

migration)

LEARNING ACTIVITY 3 – I PROMISE!

Create a slogan to showcase your support or response to emerging
challenges (climate change and international migration, etc.) in
contemporary societies.

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