GE-AA HM2A

ARTIST & ARTISAN

GROUP MEMBERS:
ABANES, KURT MARK ZYRUSS
ABERGAS, HAZEL
ABOGADO, AILEEN
ALABAT, GLADYS
ALVIOLA, MICHELL
ALGUZAR, RJ
ALEJANDRIA, JUN ARMAN
Artist And Artisan

Learning Outcomes
By the end of the lesson, the students must be able to:
1. Outline the history of the emergence of artists and artisans;
2. Recognize and critically discuss the function of state sponsorship in the field of arts
and culture through the National Artists Award and Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan
(GAMABA);
3. Identify and define the different individuals and groups who take on varied roles in the
world of art and culture; and
4. Classify the practices of artists in terms of the form, medium and
technique;

Technology has made amazing things possible. With just a click, we can access huge
amounts of information, and this is changing every part of our lives. However, there’s a
growing fear that computers and robots might take over everything because they can do
tasks more accurately, faster, and in the long run, at a lower cost.
Despite this fear, one thing separates humans from machines—creativity and
imagination. No matter how advanced artificial intelligence becomes, it still cannot fully
replace human creativity. Art is one of the strongest examples of this.
In his book The Art Spirit (1923), Robert Henri talks about how art is not separate from
everyday life. He argues that art is not just about paintings or sculptures—it’s about
doing anything well with passion and creativity. When someone embraces their
creative side, they become more interesting, challenge ideas, and inspire others.
Many people mistakenly believe that art is separate from daily life, but this is not true. In
today’s fast-moving world, where everything feels like a blur, it is more important than
ever to understand the world around us. Engaging with art and culture helps us do
this.

This lesson introduces artists who have spent their lives exploring creativity,
imagination, and bold ideas. It also looks at the larger world of arts and culture, showing
how the way art is made, shared, and valued has changed over time.

Peter Drucker, in his book Post-Capitalist Society (1993), said that in modern society,
the most important resource is not money or physical labor—it is knowledge. He
believes that instead of workers being divided into rich bosses and poor laborers (as in
older economic systems), today’s world is shaped by two main groups:
1. Knowledge workers – people who work with ideas and creativity
2. Service workers – people who provide services rather than physical goods
Creativity is one of the most powerful types of knowledge today. That’s why artists are
important members of society—they drive culture forward and influence how we see
the world.
The First Artists and the Birth of Art
Artists have been around for a very long time, and their history is deeply connected to
human civilization.

Art critic Jerry Saltz, in the video series New Ways of Seeing, explains why cave
paintings were such a big deal. These ancient artists figured out how to turn the three-
dimensional world into two-dimensional images (like animals, hunting scenes, and
symbols). This was a huge breakthrough, and all of art history comes from this
invention.
These early artworks, found in places like France, Spain, Namibia, Australia, and
Argentina, were not part of a structured art world like today. At that time, they were
just a natural part of life.

The Artist and Artisan

Artist and artisans fill different roles in the art sector. Artist work in the fine arts including
painting, illustration and sculpture while artisans are craftsmen who work on textiles,
pottery, glass and television, long and round tables, room doors, etc. usually these are
man made shapes.
Artist and artisans articulate a vision through their art or craft. Fine artists work with
paint, watercolor, pen, and ink. Or illustrations, while artisians craft work like jewelry,
glasswork, pottery, or other functional products. Artists focus on creating aesthetically
pleasing works, while artisans work focuses on accessorizing functionality more than
aesthetics. The work of artists tends to be shown in museums or galleries, while
artisans crafts are displayed in fairs, shops and in malls.

Artist
All fine artists first learn to sketch and begin with a pencil and sketchpad to work with an
idea on paper. Artists transfer their visions to canvas or other medium and this may
mean working in pencils, oils, and watercolor. Sculptors take their sketches and create
three dimensional products from clay, marble or other materials. Illustrators might work
for a publishing or animation company or create original comic books. All artists work to
create an overall reaction from a viewer.

Artisan
Artisans are craftsmen who make practical artistic products such as earrings, urns,
stained glass and other accessories. Artisans gain their knowledge by studying under
master craftsmen and then practicing with continued study. Artisans work to create
something new, original and at times, provocative. They spend a good portion of their
time selling and promoting their items in various marketplaces

Other Players in the World of Art

The text talks about how the art world is not just about artists making art. Instead, many
people are involved in creating, displaying, selling, and managing art. These people
work together in a system, which we call the art world.

Howard S. Becker (a sociologist) wrote a book called Art Worlds in 1982. He said that
making art is never a one-person job. Instead, many people help in different ways, even
if we don’t always notice.
For example:
 A painter creates a painting, but someone needs to make the canvas, the paint,
and the brushes.
 A museum or gallery decides which paintings to show.
 A critic writes about the painting to tell people if it’s good or bad.
 A buyer or collector purchases it, helping the artist’s career.
Becker said that all these people form a system—a connected network—where art is
created, judged, sold, and displayed. This is the art world.

Many people think artists work alone and only interact with the world when their art is
finished and displayed. This is not really true. While artists do create their work, they are
part of a bigger system where other people influence how their art is seen, sold, and
valued.
One of the most powerful figures in this system today is the curator.

Different Important Roles in the Art World

1. Curator
o This is a person who selects, organizes, and presents art in museums or
galleries.
o They decide which artworks to show, how they should be displayed, and
what the exhibition should mean.
o Some curators work for museums; others work independently and
organize different art shows.
2. Buyers & Collectors
o Buyers: People who purchase art. Sometimes they do it on behalf of a
collector, who may want to stay anonymous.
o Collectors: People who collect art for different reasons—some love art,
some want to preserve it, and others buy it as an investment.
3. Art Dealers
o These are people who sell art, either through galleries or auctions.
o They understand art trends, what’s valuable, and which artists are worth
promoting.
o In the Philippines, auction houses (places where people bid on art) have
become more common.
 4. Museum and Gallery Workers
o Museums and galleries both display art, but they are different:
 Museums are non-commercial (they don’t sell art). They focus on
education and preserving art.
 Galleries sell art and help artists find buyers.
5. Artist Managers
o Independent artists who don’t have a gallery representing them may hire a
manager to help with their careers.

Why This Matters

The art world is not just about creativity. It also involves business, professional roles,
and money. Many people, beyond just artists, influence what art is seen, sold, and
valued. The art world continues to change, and new roles keep emerging.

The Production Process of Art

Creating an artwork doesn’t always follow a straightforward or linear path. One of the
key things to understand about art is that it has an anarchic dimension—meaning it
thrives on freedom, flexibility, and unpredictability. This freedom is what allows artists to
fully harness their creative potential and explore new styles, periods, and movements.
However, even though art is flexible, there are still general principles that guide the
process of creating it.
The production process of art can be divided into three main stages:
1. Preproduction
2. Production
3. Postproduction
Let’s explore each stage in detail.

1. Preproduction
This is the planning and idea-forming stage. Every artwork begins with an idea that
the artist wants to express or communicate to their audience. This idea might not be
fully formed at first, so the artist might need to do some research, gain exposure to
different influences, or explore various approaches to develop it. Sometimes, the idea
comes quickly, like a bolt of lightning, while other times, it takes a while to take shape.
For some artists, the idea doesn’t fully form until they start working with materials. In
these cases, the preproduction stage blends into the production stage, as the artist
experiments and lets the idea evolve during the creative process.

2. Production
This is the stage where the artist brings their idea to life. The execution of the artwork
can take many forms, such as:
 Painting
 Sculpture
  Tapestry (textile art)
 Photography
 Film
 Dance (routine)
 Music (track or composition)
Even conceptual art, which focuses primarily on ideas rather than physical form, still
requires some kind of execution or presentation. Some artworks demand precise and
skilled execution, while others rely more on intuition and a thoughtful approach to
manipulating materials.
Gathering materials is a crucial part of this stage. The materials an artist chooses can
greatly influence the direction, quality, and final outcome of the artwork. This step can
happen during preproduction or production, depending on the artist’s process.

3. Postproduction
This is the final stage, and it can be the most drawn-out. Once the artwork is finished,
the artist must decide how it will be circulated or distributed. Some artists create art
purely for themselves, but most artworks are meant to be seen, heard, touched, or
experienced by others. This often involves placing the artwork in spaces like:
 Museums
 Galleries
 Performance halls
 Theaters
 Other art spaces
The artist’s goal isn’t always to create something that people will approve of, enjoy, or
find pleasurable. Sometimes, the artist wants to evoke strong
emotions like repulsion, contempt, or grief. The important thing is that the artwork
sparks an intellectual or emotional reaction in the audience. Almost every artwork
carries a message or meaning, and the artist hopes that the audience will connect with
it in some way.
Postproduction also involves other tasks, such as:
 Allowing the artwork to set (e.g., letting paint dry or materials settle)
 Tweaking the artwork (making final adjustments)
 Preparing the artwork for transport and display
 Promoting the artwork (e.g., through publications, discussions, or exhibitions)

Medium and Technique

Like mentioned before, the medium is one of the most important parts of an artwork
because it directly affects how it looks and how it is meant to last. The medium is the
way an artist expresses their idea, concept, or message.
A medium can be physical and long-lasting, like paintings, sculptures, monuments,
and buildings. These artworks exist in a permanent form.
It can also be temporary or short-lived, like a song recording, a movie, or a live
performance. These don’t exist as physical objects and instead depend on time.
The way people experience and appreciate art also depends on the medium. Physical
artworks (like sculptures or paintings) last for a long time, so people can keep looking
at or interacting with them. Short-lived artworks (like performances or music) only
exist for a specific period, meaning their impact is based on how they are experienced
at that moment.
Technique
Even if two different artists use the same medium and materials, their artworks will still
look different. The reason for this is technique—the way an artist uses their skills and
tools to create something unique.
Technique is important because it shows how well an artist understands their medium.
Some materials require special tools—sculptors might need hammers and chisels, while
painters need to understand how long different paints take to dry. Some techniques also
depend on the location—like whether an artwork is being made indoors or outdoors.
Because every artist has their own technique, art history is filled with an endless variety
of styles and creative works, even when using the same materials.

Techniques Related to Paintings

1. Encaustic
- The medium for the powdered color is hot wax, which is painted onto a wood surface
with a brush. It is then smoothed with a metal instrument resembling a spin, and then
blended and set over a flame to soften and set the color into the wood.

2. Fresco Secco
- In the dry plaster or "fresco Secco" technique, pigments are usually mixed with water,
although other substances might alsi be used. The paint is then applied to dry to a
plaster wall which has been wetted down with water.

3. Fresco
- This is also known as "buon Fresco" or true fresco. Which entails painting on freshly
spread, moist plaster, first layers of plaster are applied to the surface.

4. Egg Tempera
- In this method, the pigment is mixed with egg yolk or both the yolk and white of an
egg. It is thinned with water and applied to a gesso ground (plaster mixed with a
binding) on a panel. The colors tend to dry to a lighter value than they appear when wet.
The colors produced are bright and saturated. Modeling is achieved by hatching. Egg
tempera was used for panel painting until the 15th century.

5. Mosaic
-The design is created by small pieces of colored glass, stone, or ceramic (called
Tesserae), embedded in wet mortar which has been spread over the surface to be
decorated. Their slightly irregular placement on a surface creates a very lively, reflective
surface when viewed at a distance. This was often used to decorate walls, floors, and
ceilings.

6. Oil Paint
-Oil paint is made by mixing pigments with oil, usually linseed oil. Before the 15th
century, oil paints were thick and difficult to control. The Van Eyck brothers perfected
the technique, making oil painting more versatile. A solvent, traditionally turpentine, is
used to thin the paint. Two key techniques include glazing, which builds up layers of
colors, and impasto, where thick layers create texture.

7. Water Color
-Powdered pigments are mixed with gum-arabic or similar substance that will help them
adhere to a surface. The artist then, mixes them with water and applies them to a
ground usually paper with a soft brush. The final effect is that of translucent washes of
color. This method was the most important method of painting in china and Japan from
an early date, but did not become popular with European artists until after the 16 th
century.

8. Acrylic
- are artificial compounds developed in the twentieth century. The binder used includes
water, and the paints can be thinned with water, but once the paints dry, they have a
glossy, permanent surface that resembles the surface created by oils. These paints can
create most of the effects accomplished in oils, and have advantage of not requiring the
use of turpentine, which is toxic.

9.Collage
- The word “collage” comes from the French verb “ Coller”, meaning “to paste”. In this
technique photographs, news clippings or other objects are pasted on the painting
surface and may be combined with painted areas. The cuttings and objects may be
selected for their associative or representational values, or for the formal and textural
qualities of the augment or be substituted for painting in fine arts in this century.

10. Drawing
- Drawing is the foundation of all kinds of art and design. Before creating a final artwork
in materials like paint, stone, metal, or fabric, artists often start with a drawing to plan
their ideas. Drawing is the first step in almost every creative process.
However, because drawing is so basic and common, people might undervalue it. But in
reality, drawing itself can be a highly skilled and advanced art form, not just a rough
plan for something else.
However there are some characteristics of drawing that make it particularly attractive to
the artist in many situations, first drawing materials are very portable. Therefore, it is
possible to bring these materials out of the studio, to the subject, or to the workplace or
the client, wherever the artist wishes to use his ability to make images.
Also since the materials are so portable at a minimum, a sketch pad and a pencil or pen
drawings tend to have a kind of immediacy, and an intimate quality that cannot often be
seen in painting or printmaking. It is possible to capture the candid moment, the action,
or the mood, without the obtrusive paraphernalia required for other methods. When
used in this way, the drawing may also be a more economical way to capture an idea
that may simply remain in a drawing or may later be developed in the studio in another
medium.

11. Printmaking
- A print is anything printed on a surface that is a direct result from the duplication
process. Ordinarily, painting or graphic images done in black ink on white appear and
become the artist's plate.

THE FIVE MAJOR TYPES OF PRINTS ARE:

11.1 Relief
-Relief prints are made by removing material from the matrix, the surface the image has
been carved into, which is often wood linoleum, or metal.
11.2 Intaglio prints
-They are made when a design is scratched into a matrix, usually a metal plate.
11.3 Stencil prints
-They are made by passing inks through a porous fine mesh matrix.
11.4 Woodcut
-This kind of technique of printing design from planks of wood incised parallel to the
vertical axis of the wood's grain
11.5 Engraving
-In engraving the design is cut into metal with a graver or burin. The burin is a steel rod
with a square or lozenge –shaped section and a slightly bent bank.

The Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan Award (GAMABA)

The Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan Award (GAMABA) is an award for folk and
indigenous artists who maintain their traditions despite modern times. Established in
1992 by the Philippine Rotary Club Makati-Ayala, it aims to support and motivate these
artists to preserve their artistic heritage for future generations. These artists represent
the country's diverse heritage and cultural traditions, providing a vision of Filipino life
and nation. Hereunder are some of the GAMABA awardees and their work of art:
1. Darhata Sawabi a Tausug weaver of Pis Syabit, the traditional cloth tapestry worn as
a head cover.
2. Eduardo Mutuc - an artist from Apalit, Pampanga who has dedicated his life to
creating religious and secular art in silver, bronze, and wood.
3. Haja Amina Appi - recognized as master mat weaver among the Sama indigenous
community for her unique designs, straightness of her edging (tabig), and fineness of
her sasa and kima-kima.
4. Alonzo Saclag - a Kalinga master of dance and the performing arts who mastered not
only the Kalinga musical instruments but also her dance patterns and movements
associated with her peoples' ritual.
5. Federico Caballero a Sulod Bukidnon epic chanter from Kalinog, Iloilo who
ceaselessly works for the documentation of the oral literature, particularly the epics of
his people.
6. Uwang Ahadas a Yakan musician who is a master of the kwintangan, kayu, and
tuntungan instruments.
7. Lang Dulay – a T'boli traditional weaver of T'nalak or T'boli cloth made of colorful
abaca fabrics.
8. Salinta Monon a Tagbanua Bagobo traditional weaver of distinct abaca fabrics called
inabal.
9. Ginaw Bilog - is a Hanunuo Mangyan poet who is considered as a master of
ambahan poetry.
10. Masino Intaray a prolific and pre-eminent epic chanter and story-teller recognized
for his outstanding mastery of various traditional musical instruments of the Palawan
people such as basal, kulilal, and bagil.
11. Samaon Sulaiman- was a Filipino musician who was a recipient of the National
Living Treasure award. The Maguindanaon was known for his mastery of the
indigenous kutyapi instrument.
12. Teofilo Garcia- is a Filipino hatter who is regarded as a National Living Treasure in
the Philippines for making tabungaw hats, a type of Ilocano headwear.
13. Magdalena Gamayo- is a Filipino weaver who is a lead-practitioner of the Ilocano
tradition of pinagabel.
14. Ambalang Ausalin- was a Filipino master weaver from the city of Lamitan, Basilan.
15. Bai Estelita Tumandan Bantilan- is a Filipino textile weaver from the municipality of
Malapatan, Sarangani. She is credited with creating "some of the biggest, most subtly
beautiful mats to be seen anywhere in Southeast Asia.
16. Fu Yabing Masalon Dulo- commonly referred to as Fu Yabing, was a Filipino textile
master weaver and dyer, credited with preserving the Blaan traditional mabal tabih art of
ikat weaving and dyeing. At the time of her death, she was one of only two surviving
master designers of the mabal tabih art of the indigenous Blaan people of southern
Mindanao in the Philippines
17. Samporonia Pagsac Madanlo- is a Filipino artisan known for the dagmay weaving.
18.Rosie Godwino Sula- is a Filipino chanter, musician, composer, and dancer.
19. Marife Ravidas Ganahon- is a Filipino mat weaver known for the Higa-onon Manobo
mat weaving art of ikam.
20. Hadja Sakinur-ain Mugong Delasas- is a Filipino folk dancer who specialize in the
Sama dance of Igal.
21. Amparo Balansi Mabanag- is a Filipino beadworker and embroider.
22. Barbara Kibed Ofong- is a Filipino master textile weaver who specialize in T'nalak.
23. Bundos Bansil Fara- is a Filipino metalworker who is known for brass casting or
Tboli brassmaking (Kem tau temwel).
24. Adelita Romualdo Bagcal- is a Filipino chanter specializing in Dallot and other
Ilocano oral tradition.
25. Abina Tawide Coguit- is a Filipino textile master weaver, Known for her style
Agusanon Manobo traditional embroidery of suyam.

Performance Art
- Performance art is an interdisciplinary art form that brings together elements of time ,
space bodies and audiences. The performances can be live or via media; the performer
can be present or absent. It can be any situation that involves four basic elements:
time , space , the performance body ,or presence in a medium, and a relationship
between performer and audience. The performing arts refer to the forms of art where an
artist uses his own face, body and presence. The major types of performing arts
including music , opera ,dance , drama and spoken words.

1. MUSIC
- Is a form of art whose medium is silence and sound. The word "music" was derived
from the Greek word "mousike" which means the art of the muses. The common
elements of music include rythm, pitch, dynamics, timbre and texture. The performance,
creation, significance and definition of this art depend on the social context and culture
2. OPERA
-Is a form of performing arts wherein musicians and singers perform a dramatic work
that combines text , which is called libretto musical score. The form of art is a popular
part of the Western classical music tradition. The art incorporates a lot of elements of
spoken theatre, including scenery , acting and costumes. Sometimes it also includes
dance .
3. DANCE
- is a form of performing arts that refers to the art of moving the body rhythmically and
usually in accordance to music. It is used as a form of social Interaction and Expression,
or it is commonly presented in a performance or spiritual setting. It is also seen as a
form of nonverbal communication, a type of communication where words are not used.
Definition of what dance is really all about usually varies in each culture , society or
person.

4.DRAMA
-refers to a mode of fiction represented in a performance. The word "drama" originated
from the Greek word "drao" which means action. Dramas are usually enacted by actors
on a stage for an audience.

Transcreation
is a term used chiefly by advertising and marketing profefssionals to refer to the process
of adapting a message from one language to another, while maintaining its intent, style
tone and context. a successful transcreated message evokes the same emotions and
carries the same implications in the target language as it does in the source language.
Increasingly, transcreation is used in the global marketing and advertising campaigns as
advertisers seek to transcend the boundaries of culture and language. It also takes
account of images which are used within a creative message, ensuring that they are
suitable for the target local market.
While in theory any messages is a candidate for transcreation, the bulk of transcreative
work performed to date has been in the advertising industry media such as brochures,
tv and radio ads aimed at end clients, and posters and flyers distributed to resellers.
Websites are also the subject of much transcreation.