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THE MAKING OF GLOBAL WORLD

Globalization refers to the movement and interconnection of goods, services, and people across nations, a process that has roots in ancient trade and cultural exchanges. The Silk Routes exemplified pre-modern trade, facilitating the exchange of various goods and ideas between Asia and Europe. The introduction of new crops and the impact of European conquest, including the spread of diseases like smallpox, significantly altered global dynamics and trade patterns, particularly affecting regions like India and China.

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21 views5 pages

THE MAKING OF GLOBAL WORLD

Globalization refers to the movement and interconnection of goods, services, and people across nations, a process that has roots in ancient trade and cultural exchanges. The Silk Routes exemplified pre-modern trade, facilitating the exchange of various goods and ideas between Asia and Europe. The introduction of new crops and the impact of European conquest, including the spread of diseases like smallpox, significantly altered global dynamics and trade patterns, particularly affecting regions like India and China.

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sakina lulu
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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THE MAKING OF GLOBAL WORLD

Q. What is globalization?

Ans.
The movement of goods, capital, services, technology, ideas, and people from one
nation to another is called globalization.

OR

Inter connection of nations refers to the globalization.

In modern world, we are well-connected across nations, allowing quick travel


between nations.

The Pre-Modern World

• The process of globalization has been observed since ancient times.


• Like travelers, traders, priests, pilgrims they travelled across long distances
for various purposes like for knowledge, opportunities, spiritual fulfillment,
to escape persecution, etc.
• They also carried goods, skills, money, inventions, and even germs & diseases
with them.

Evidences of people trading across the world in ancient times

• Cowries in Maldives were a form of currency which was used for trading.
These cowries are now seen in China and East Africa which shows that
through these cowries trade must have happened in China and East Africa in
the ancient times.
• Image of a ship on a memorial stone of the tenth century from the museum of
Goa indicates that oceanic trade was there at the time.

Silk Routes link the world

• The Silk Routes are a prime example of pre-modern trade.


• These were a diverse network of ancient trade routes.

Silk Routes
• The name ‘silk routes’ points to the importance of Chinese silk cargoes along
this route.
• These silk routes connected various regions within Asian continents and also
linked Asia to Europe and North America.
• These silk routes existed since before the Christian Era to the 15th century.

Q. What things traveled through the silk routes?

Ans. Chinese pottery, Chinese silk, Indian textiles, Indian spices used to travel from
Asian Market to the European Market (Eastern to Western countries) for trade and
Gold and Silver was traded from European Market to Asian Market.

• Silk routes were not only used for trading but also used by Christian
Missionaries, Muslim Preachers, Buddhist Monks, etc. for mainly two
reasons:
1. Spiritual Fulfillment
2. To promote Culture
• Like Buddhism emerged from eastern India and spread in several directions
through intersecting points on the silk routes.

Food travels: SPAGHETTI and POTATO

Noodles
• Noodles were originally originated in China.
• When they reached Western countries, they were renamed as Spaghetti.

Pasta
• Pastas were originally originated in Arab countries.
• It's likely that Arab travelers spread it to various regions.
• For example few Arabs had traveled to Sicily (Italy) in the 5th century.

Similarly foods were found in India and Japan, showing possible cultural
exchange in the pre-modern world, though their origins are unclear.

• Potato
• Soya
• Groundnut
• Maize
• Tomato
• Chili
• Sweet Potato
These foods remained unknown to both our ancestors and Western countries for
a long time.

These foods were introduced to Europe and Asia only after Christopher
Columbus accidentally discovered the continent later known as the America.

THE GREAT IRISH FAMINE


• After potatoes were introduced in Europe, Europeans relied heavily on them,
growing them as a primary crop for survival.
• In the 1840s, Irish peasants, heavily dependent on potatoes, faced a famine
caused by a potato disease, Resulted in a million deaths.
• This was known as the Great Irish Famine.

Conquest, Disease and Trade

• The pre-modern world shrank greatly in the 16th century when European
sailors discovered new sew routes.
• In the 16th century, American continent was very rich and offered vast
number of opportunities in crips and minerals.
• Rich amount of silver was found in Mexico and Peru.
• Precious metals, also enhanced Europe’s wealth and financed its trade with
Asia.

Smallpox in America
• In the 17th century, legends of South America’s wealth led many expeditions
in search of EL DORADO, the mythical city of gold.
• Europeans thought to conquer the America.
• In mid 16th Portugal and Spain conquered America.
• America easily came under them and Portugal and Spain had conquered
America.
• Portuguese and Spanish did not use any weapons to conquer America instead
they introduced a disease called smallpox in America.
• Long-isolated Native Americans lacked immunity to European diseases like
smallpox, which proved deadly upon introduction.
• When Americans encountered Europeans, smallpox spread, killing many and
allowing the Spanish and Portuguese to easily conquer America.

Europe’s conditions itself was not good, rapid population growth caused many
challenges in the 19th century in Europe like diseases, poverty, hunger, religious
conflicts, etc.

Trade
• By the 18th century, India and China were the richest countries and
dominated global trade.
• Gradually, America gained importance, and Europe became the center of
world trade.

Q. What happened to India and China then since they were the most dominating in
world trade?

Ans. China had gone in isolation and broke all the overseas contacts with them and
India was now under British rule which is because Europes emergence grew on
world trade.

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