CLIENT:

NORTHERN RAILWAY
DRAWING OFFICE DY. CHIEF ENGINEER/CONST.-II
CHANDIGARH

PROJECT TITLE:
DOUBLING OF RAILWAY TRACK BETWEEN LUDHIANA AND KILA
RAIPUR (17.174 KM) INCLUDING 25 KV HIGN RISE OHE RAILWAY
ELECTRIFICATION AND SIGNALLING & TELECOMMUNICATION
WORKS ON (EPC) MODE.

CONTRACTOR:
GPT-GC (JV)
29, SIDDHARTH ENCLAVE,
MAU ROAD, AGRA-282005,
UTTAR PRADESH

TITLE OF DOCUMENT:
Soil Report of FOB
At GILL Station Ch.8+168

Note No. : L&W/DE-14/Soil-report/Fob/Gill

Rev. No. : R0
Date : 06th Sept 2023

Date Rev. No. Revision By

06/09/2023 R0 RELEASED FOR APPROVAL SG

CONSULTANTS:
L&W INFRASTRUCTURES PVT. LTD.
L-206, 24, VEER SAVARKAR BLOCK,
SHAKARPUR, NEW DELHI-110092
 REPORT BY

SPYROTECH GEOCON PVT. LTD.

PROJECT:
GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION
FOR
DOUBLING OF RAILWAY TRACK BETWEEN LUDHIANA AND KILA RAIPUR
(17.174 KM) INCLUDING 25 KV HIGH RISE OHE RAILWAY
ELECTRIFICATION AND SIGNALLING & TELECOMMUNICATION WORKS
ON (EPC) MODE AT LUDHIYANA IN THE STATE OF PUNJAB
STRUCTURE: FOB AT GILL STATION

SUBMITTED TO:
L&W Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd.
L-206, 24, Veer Savarkar Block,
Shakarpur, Delhi 110092

Project No.: SGPL/L&W Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd. February, 2023

SPYROTECH GEOCON PVT. LTD.

Address: Basement, commercial plot No. 1, Sadbhavana market,
Garhi Chaukhandi, Sector 121, Noida, U.P. - 201301
E-mail: [email protected] Mobile: +91-8858122999
 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR DOUBLING OF RAILWAY TRACK BETWEEN
LUDHIANA AND KILA RAIPUR (17.174 KM) INCLUDING 25 KV HIGH RISE OHE RAILWAY
ELECTRIFICATION AND SIGNALLING & TELECOMMUNICATION WORKS ON (EPC) MODE
AT LUDHIYANA IN THE STATE OF PUNJAB

Table of Contents

1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................. 2

PROJECT DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................................................................... 2
PURPOSE OF STUDY .................................................................................................................................................. 2
SCOPE OF WORK ........................................................................................................................................................ 3
2.0 GEOLOGICAL INFORMATION OF THE REGION............................................................................................ 3
GENERAL GEOLOGY OF THE AREA ....................................................................................................................... 3
SIESMICITY ................................................................................................................................................................... 4

3.0 METHODOLOGY OF FIELD INVESTIGATION ................................................................................................ 5

BOREHOLES ................................................................................................................................................................. 5
STANDARD PENETRATION TESTS ......................................................................................................................... 5
S.P.T. VALUES .............................................................................................................................................................. 6
DISTURBED SAMPLES ............................................................................................................................................... 8
UNDISTURBED SOIL SAMPLES (UDS) .................................................................................................................... 8
GROUND WATER TABLE............................................................................................................................................ 8

4.0 LABORATORY TESTING ................................................................................................................................... 9

5.0 REFERENCE CODES ....................................................................................................................................... 10

6.0 GENERAL SITE CONDITION ........................................................................................................................... 11

VARIABILTY IN SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS ...................................................................................................... 11

7.0 FOUNDATION SUPPORT ................................................................................................................................ 12

BEARING CAPACITY AND SETTLEMENT ANALYSIS FOR OPEN FOUNDATIONS IN SOIL .................. 12

8. RECOMMENDATIONS: ....................................................................................................................................... 14

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 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR DOUBLING OF RAILWAY TRACK BETWEEN
LUDHIANA AND KILA RAIPUR (17.174 KM) INCLUDING 25 KV HIGH RISE OHE RAILWAY
ELECTRIFICATION AND SIGNALLING & TELECOMMUNICATION WORKS ON (EPC) MODE
AT LUDHIYANA IN THE STATE OF PUNJAB

1.0 INTRODUCTION

PROJECT DESCRIPTION
M/s L&W Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd., has awarded the work of Geotechnical Investigation for
doubling of Railway Track between Ludhiana and Kila Raipur (17.174 KM) including 25 KV
high rise OHE Railway Electrification and Signaling & Telecommunication works on (EPC)
mode at Ludhiyana in the State of Punjab to M/s SPYROTECH GEOCON PVT. LTD, vide work
order no. L&W//2022/VEN/AG-2216 and date 16/11/2022. This report presents the details of
Geotechnical investigations carried out and data obtained from various field and laboratory
tests, their presentation in graphical form.

PURPOSE OF STUDY

The overall purposes of this study are to conduct a geotechnical investigation to access
the stratigraphy and to develop geotechnical recommendations for foundation design for
the various structures planned along the alignment.

To accomplish these purposes, the study was conducted in the following phases:

i. Drilling boreholes at various structures locations to depths as specified or as per

instruction given at site in order to evaluate the stratigraphy at the site, and to collect soil
& water samples for laboratory testing.
ii. Testing selected soil samples in the laboratory to determine pertinent index and
engineering properties; and
iii. Analyzing all field and laboratory data to develop geotechnical recommendations for
foundations of the various structures to be constructed.

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 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR DOUBLING OF RAILWAY TRACK BETWEEN
LUDHIANA AND KILA RAIPUR (17.174 KM) INCLUDING 25 KV HIGH RISE OHE RAILWAY
ELECTRIFICATION AND SIGNALLING & TELECOMMUNICATION WORKS ON (EPC) MODE
AT LUDHIYANA IN THE STATE OF PUNJAB

SCOPE OF WORK

a) Drilling bore holes by Rotary drilling up to the specified depth as per IS code of practice
and as per the direction of the Engineer-in-Charge. Beyond refusal strata drilling using
NX bit up to specified depth as per IS code of practice and as per the direction of the
Engineer-in- Charge.
b) Conducting Standard Penetration tests in the bore holes at regular intervals of 1.50m or
wherever possible as per IRC/IS Code of Practice.
c) Collecting undisturbed soil samples / core samples from the bore holes at regular
intervals or change of strata or wherever possible as per IRC/ IS Code of Practice.
d) Recording of water table level in the bore holes after completion of borehole.

2.0 GEOLOGICAL INFORMATION OF THE REGION

GENERAL GEOLOGY OF THE AREA

The project site is located in Ludhiana District in the State of Punjab.

The district area is occupied by Indo-Gangetic alluvium. And there are no surface
features worth to mention except that area is plain and major drains are Satluj and its
tributaries and Budha nala. In the district soil characteristics are influenced to a very
limited extent by the topography, vegetation and parent rock. The variations in soil profile
characteristics are much more pronounced because of the regional climatic differences.
The soil of this zone has developed under semi-arid condition. The soil is sandy loam to
clayey with normal reaction (pH from 7.8 to 8.5).

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Address: Basement, commercial plot No. 1, Sadbhavana market,
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 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR DOUBLING OF RAILWAY TRACK BETWEEN
LUDHIANA AND KILA RAIPUR (17.174 KM) INCLUDING 25 KV HIGH RISE OHE RAILWAY
ELECTRIFICATION AND SIGNALLING & TELECOMMUNICATION WORKS ON (EPC) MODE
AT LUDHIYANA IN THE STATE OF PUNJAB

SIESMICITY
Seismicity in India is categorized in India into following four zones, Zone II: seismically less
active, zone III: moderately active, Zone IV: highly active, while the zone V represents
highest seismicity.
The area under study and its surroundings are highly active (mostly in seismic zone IV).
In seismic design zone factor, z of 0.24 is recommended.

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 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR DOUBLING OF RAILWAY TRACK BETWEEN
LUDHIANA AND KILA RAIPUR (17.174 KM) INCLUDING 25 KV HIGH RISE OHE RAILWAY
ELECTRIFICATION AND SIGNALLING & TELECOMMUNICATION WORKS ON (EPC) MODE
AT LUDHIYANA IN THE STATE OF PUNJAB

3.0 METHODOLOGY OF FIELD INVESTIGATION

All field work was carried out in accordance with the latest addition of the applicable code
of practice / procedures as laid down by the Bureau of Indian Standards.
BOREHOLES

Bore-hole was selected by Engineer in charge in order to obtain comprehensive sub-soil

data for this site. Soil samples collected for different test at different levels. The sub-soil
exploration work at the proposed site was carried out manually / mechanically using 150
mm diameter shell and augur manual equipment in soft strata and power-driven
mechanical boring in hard strata using diamond cutter, as per IS: 1892- 1979.

STANDARD PENETRATION TESTS

Standard penetration test plays a major role in sub soil investigation termination of safe
bearing capacity of soil in non-cohesive type soil, particularly in non-cohesive granular
sandy soil and where the UDS could not be collected either due to high liquidity or non-
cohesive nature of soil. The SPT tests were conducted as per IS: 2131-1981 respectively.
The SPT sampler was lower inside the borehole after drilling the required level and is
driven by a 63.50 kg Rammer with a free fall of 750 mm. driving 450 mm in One stages
150 mm each and the number of blows for each 150mm penetration for 2nd
& 3rd 150 mm drive recorded as “N”. Refusal was considered for N>100. The details of
location of test and SPT value [N-value] as given in the bore-hole data sheet.

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 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR DOUBLING OF RAILWAY TRACK BETWEEN
LUDHIANA AND KILA RAIPUR (17.174 KM) INCLUDING 25 KV HIGH RISE OHE RAILWAY
ELECTRIFICATION AND SIGNALLING & TELECOMMUNICATION WORKS ON (EPC) MODE
AT LUDHIYANA IN THE STATE OF PUNJAB

S.P.T. VALUES
Corrections – two different corrections are applied on Field SPT ‘N’ Value of Cohesion
less soil

i. Due to Over –Burden (N’) - The N value for cohesion less soil has been corrected for
overburden as: -

Fig.-1 of IS- 2131-1981

ii. Due to dilatancy (N”) - If the stratum consists of fine sand and silt below water table

for values of N’ greater than 15,

N” =15+ (N’-15)/2

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 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR DOUBLING OF RAILWAY TRACK BETWEEN
LUDHIANA AND KILA RAIPUR (17.174 KM) INCLUDING 25 KV HIGH RISE OHE RAILWAY
ELECTRIFICATION AND SIGNALLING & TELECOMMUNICATION WORKS ON (EPC) MODE
AT LUDHIYANA IN THE STATE OF PUNJAB

CONSISTENCY / RELATIVE DENSITY OF SOIL WITH SPT VALUES:

Consistency of Cohesive Soils Density Condition of Granular Soils

SPT Value Consistency SPT Value Density Descriptor

0-2 Very Soft 0-4 Very Loose

2-4 Soft 4-10 Loose

4-8 Medium 10-30 Medium Dense

8-15 Stiff 30-50 Dense

15-30 Very Stiff >50 Very Dense

>30 Hard

Plastic Limit

Plasticity Liquid Limit

Low Plastic <35

Medium Plastic 35 to 50

High Plastic >50

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 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR DOUBLING OF RAILWAY TRACK BETWEEN
LUDHIANA AND KILA RAIPUR (17.174 KM) INCLUDING 25 KV HIGH RISE OHE RAILWAY
ELECTRIFICATION AND SIGNALLING & TELECOMMUNICATION WORKS ON (EPC) MODE
AT LUDHIYANA IN THE STATE OF PUNJAB

DISTURBED SAMPLES
In all boreholes, disturbed soil samples were taken at every 1.5 m interval and at
significant change of stratum (or as per specified). Soil from cutting edge of undisturbed
samplers and from split spoon sampler used for standard penetration tests was taken as
disturbed samples. These samples were placed without delay in adequately sealed
polythene bags.

UNDISTURBED SOIL SAMPLES (UDS)

The UDS were collected from the boreholes at every 1.50 m interval & change of strata
as per sampling specifications, in thin-walled sampling tubes of 100 mm dia. and 450 mm
length. These sampling tubes after retrieval from the boreholes were properly waxed and
sealed at both ends. These were carefully labeled and transported to the laboratory for
testing. UDS wherever slipped during lifting, were duly marked in the bore logs as well in
the soil profile.

GROUND WATER TABLE

During exploration work of the Location, the water table in the borehole will be allowed to
stabilize after depressing the water level adequately by bailing. Stability of the borehole
sides and bottom will be ensured at all times, ground water table measurement shall be
done after minimum 2 hrs of bailing in sandy strata and after 24 hrs in cohesive strata.

Sr. Measured Ground Water

Bore Hole No. Period of Measurement
No. Level, m

1 1 Not-Met December, 2022

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 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR DOUBLING OF RAILWAY TRACK BETWEEN
LUDHIANA AND KILA RAIPUR (17.174 KM) INCLUDING 25 KV HIGH RISE OHE RAILWAY
ELECTRIFICATION AND SIGNALLING & TELECOMMUNICATION WORKS ON (EPC) MODE
AT LUDHIYANA IN THE STATE OF PUNJAB

4.0 LABORATORY TESTING

The following laboratory tests were conducted to determine the engineering
characteristics of sub-soils on selected soil samples from boreholes. Laboratory testing
was carried out in accordance with the latest addition of the applicable code of practice or
procedures as laid down by the Bureau of Indian Standards. List of applicable codes are
as below.

Laboratory Test IS Code Referred

Dry & Bulk Density IS: 2720 (Part-29)-1975, RA-2020

Natural Moisture content IS: 2720 (Part-2)-1973, RA-2020

Specific Gravity IS: 2720 (Part-3)-1980, RA-2021

Grain size analysis IS: 2720 (Part-4)-1985, RA-2020

Liquid Limit and Plastic Limit IS: 2720 (Part-5)-1985, RA-2020

Shrinkage Limit IS: 2720 (Part-6)-1972, RA-2021

Free swell Index IS: 2720 (Part-40)-1977, RA-2021

Unconsolidated Undrained Triaxial shear Test IS: 2720 (Part-11)-1993, RA-2021

Direct Shear Test IS: 2720 (Part-13)-1986, RA-2021

Consolidation Test IS: 2720 (Part-15)-1986, RA-2021

DEFINATION OF ACRONYMS

CH - Silty clay of High plasticity CI - Silty clay of medium plasticity

CL - Silty clay of Low plasticity MH - Clay silt of High plasticity

MI - Clay silt of medium plasticity ML - Clay silt of Low plasticity

ML - Sandy Silt SM - Silty Sand, SC - Clayey Sand

SW/SP - Well/Poorly graded sand SM-SP - Poorly graded sand-silt mixture

EGL - Existing ground level. BGL - below ground level

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 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR DOUBLING OF RAILWAY TRACK BETWEEN
LUDHIANA AND KILA RAIPUR (17.174 KM) INCLUDING 25 KV HIGH RISE OHE RAILWAY
ELECTRIFICATION AND SIGNALLING & TELECOMMUNICATION WORKS ON (EPC) MODE
AT LUDHIYANA IN THE STATE OF PUNJAB

5.0 REFERENCE CODES

All field work/Laboratory tests were carried out in accordance with the latest addition of
the applicable code of practice / procedures as lay down by the Bureau of Indian
Standards. List of applicable codes are as below,

Sr. No. Ref: IS CODE PARTICULARS OF PROPERTIES

1 IS: 1892-1974 Field Work Including Existent Ground Water Table

Compendium of Indian Standard on soil engineering (part-2, field

2 SP 36 (Part-2:1988)
testing of soil for civil engineering purposes)

Compendium of Indian Standard on soil engineering (Part-1,

3 SP 36 (Part-1:1987)
laboratory testing of soil for civil engineering purposes)

4 IS: 2132-1986 Sampling in Undisturbed and Disturbed Form

5 IS: 2131-1981 Standard Penetration Test

6 IS: 2720 All Laboratory Tests on Soil Samples Collected

7 IS: 6403-1981 Code of Practice for determination of Bearing Capacity of

Shallow Foundations
Code of Practice for
8 IS: 8009(Part I)-1976
Calculation of Settlement of Foundations
9 IRC:78-2014 Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges

10 IS:2911(Part-1/Sec-2)-2010 Design and Construction of Pile Foundations Code of Practice

11 IS:1892-1979 Code of Practice for subsurface investigation for foundations

12 IS: 1904-1986 Permissible Maximum Settlement, Differential Settlement and

Angular Distortion
13 IRC: SP-114-2016 Guidelines for Seismic Design of Road Bridges

14 IS:1893(Part-1)-2016 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures

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 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR DOUBLING OF RAILWAY TRACK BETWEEN
LUDHIANA AND KILA RAIPUR (17.174 KM) INCLUDING 25 KV HIGH RISE OHE RAILWAY
ELECTRIFICATION AND SIGNALLING & TELECOMMUNICATION WORKS ON (EPC) MODE
AT LUDHIYANA IN THE STATE OF PUNJAB

6.0 GENERAL SITE CONDITION

GENERAL NATURE OF SOIL STRATA FOR BH-1

ϒSat, Design
Sr. Thickness, Observed Parameter
Subsurface Profile Type of soil gm/cm3
No. m ‘N’ Value C,
Ø°
kg/cm2
1 0.00-2.50 Silty Clay “CI” Cohesive 13 2.00 0.45 4

2 2.50-4.00 Silty Clay “CI” Cohesive 21 1.97 0.45 6

VARIABILTY IN SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS

Subsurface conditions encountered during construction may vary somewhat from the
conditions encountered during the site investigation. In case significant variations are
encountered during construction, we request to be notified so that our engineers may
review the recommendations in this report in light of these variations.

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 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR DOUBLING OF RAILWAY TRACK BETWEEN
LUDHIANA AND KILA RAIPUR (17.174 KM) INCLUDING 25 KV HIGH RISE OHE RAILWAY
ELECTRIFICATION AND SIGNALLING & TELECOMMUNICATION WORKS ON (EPC) MODE
AT LUDHIYANA IN THE STATE OF PUNJAB

7.0 FOUNDATION SUPPORT

BEARING CAPACITY AND SETTLEMENT ANALYSIS FOR OPEN FOUNDATIONS IN

SOIL
Bearing capacity analysis was carried out based on the shear parameters (c- Ф), as
interpreted from field and laboratory tests to determine the safe net bearing capacity
(shear criterion).
The bearing capacity equation used is as follows:

Qnet safe = (1/FOS)*(cNCSCDCIC+q(Nq-1)SqDqIq+(1/2) BϒNϒSϒDϒIϒW')

where:
Qnet safe = net safe bearing capacity of soil, based on the shear failure criterion.
c = cohesion intercept,

q = overburden pressure

ϒ = Total unit weight of soil

B = Width of Foundation

W' = Water table correction factor

NC, Nq, Nϒ = Bearing capacity factors which are a function of

Sc, Sq, Sϒ = Shape factors. For Strip footings, Sc = Sq = Sϒ = 1

For Square footing = Sc = 1.3, Sq = 1.2, Sϒ = 0.6

dc, dq, dϒ = Depth factors

For Ф< 10, dc = 1 + 0.2 tan (45 + Ф /2) D/B, dq = dϒ = 1

For Ф > 10, dq = dϒ = 1 + 0.1 tan (45 + Ф / 2) D/B

Appropriate values have been substituted into the bearing capacity equation given above
to compute the safe net bearing capacity. The values have been checked to determine
the settlement of the foundation under the safe bearing pressure. The allowable bearing
pressure has been taken as the lower of the two values computed from the bearing
capacity shear failure criterion as well as that computed from the tolerable settlement
criterion.

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Address: Basement, commercial plot No. 1, Sadbhavana market,
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 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR DOUBLING OF RAILWAY TRACK BETWEEN
LUDHIANA AND KILA RAIPUR (17.174 KM) INCLUDING 25 KV HIGH RISE OHE RAILWAY
ELECTRIFICATION AND SIGNALLING & TELECOMMUNICATION WORKS ON (EPC) MODE
AT LUDHIYANA IN THE STATE OF PUNJAB

In predominantly granular soils, settlement analysis has been performed based on the
SPT values in accordance with Clause 9.1.4 of IS 8009 (Part 1) - 1976 Fig.9.

Where applicable (typically where substantial incremental stresses are anticipated in

cohesive strata below groundwater table), settlement analysis has been performed
based on classical theory; as the sum of elastic settlement and consolidation
settlements. The elastic settlement is calculated in accordance with Clause 9.2.3 of IS
8009 Part 1-1976. The consolidation settlement is computed in accordance with Clause
9.2.2 of IS 8009 (Part 1)-1976.

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+

Appendix-A
Structure: Formation at Ch. 8+168 km

Sub-surface profile A-1

Standard penetration Test Curves A-2

Bore-log Charts A-3

Shear Strength Test Curves A-4

Consolidation Test Graphs A-5

Particle Size Analysis A-6

 Appendix : A-1
GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR DOUBLING OF RAILWAY TRACK BETWEEN LUDHIANA AND KILA RAIPUR (17.174 KM) INCLUDING 25 KV HIGH RISE OHE RAILWAY ELECTRIFICATION AND SIGNALLING &
Name of Project
TELECOMMUNICATION WORKS ON (EPC) MODE AT LUDHIYANA IN THE STATE OF PUNJAB SPYROTECH GEOCON PVT. LTD.

Structure : Formation Chainage, kM 08+168 Reduced Level, m 100.000

Co-ordinates : - Bore Hole Depth , m : 3.40 Ground Water Table, m: Not-Met
RESULT SHEET
- Boring Start : 27-Nov-22 Boring End : 27-Nov-22 Borehole No. : 1

Shear
Sieve Analysis, (% Passing) Atterberg Limit Particle Size Analysis

Compression Index, CC
(as per IS: 1498- 1970)

Swell Pressure, kg/cm2

Bulk Density, (gm/cm3)

Dry Density, (gm/cm3)

Moisture Content, (%)

Void Ratio RATIO, e0

Parameter

Free Swell Index, %

Specific Gravity, Gm
N Value Recorded
Depth of Sample

Type of Sample
Reduced Level

Classification
N" Corrected
No. of Blows

Type of Test
Water Table

Cohesion (kg/cm2)
Plastic Limit, (%)

Angle of Internal
Liquid Limit, (%)

Plasticity Index,

Friction, (Ø°)

Gravel %

Sand %

Clay %
Silt %
4.750

2.000

0.425

0.075

(%)
100.000 0.00 - 0.50 DS ML 96 93 90 75 NON-PLASTIC - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1.00 - 1.45 UD CI 100 100 99 97 43 24 19 2.00 1.62 23.20 2.67 UU 0.45 4° 0.648 0.127 30.000 - NILL 5.00 67.00 28.00
NOT-MET

1.45 - 1.90 SPT 6 6 6

2.50 - 2.95 UD CI 100 100 99 96 43 24 19 1.99 1.64 21.40 2.67 UU 0.45 6° 0.628 0.120 - - - - - -

2.95 - 3.40 SPT 13 13 13

96.600
 Appendix : A-2

SPYROTECH GEOCON PVT. LTD.

CALCULATION FOR CORRECTED SPT VALUE

GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR DOUBLING OF RAILWAY TRACK BETWEEN LUDHIANA AND KILA RAIPUR (17.174 KM) INCLUDING 25
PROJECT NAME KV HIGH RISE OHE RAILWAY ELECTRIFICATION AND SIGNALLING & TELECOMMUNICATION WORKS ON (EPC) MODE AT LUDHIYANA IN
THE STATE OF PUNJAB

Structure : Formation Borehole no : 1

Chainage, km : 08+168 Ground Water Table, m : Not-Met

Bore hole Depth, m : 3.40

ϒbulk (Bulk Unit Weight),

Observed SPT Value, N

Corrected N Value (for

Overburden Correction

Final Corrected Value

Overburden Pressure,

Overburden Pressure,
Depth of Sample

Overburden), N'

Correction, N"
after Dilatncy
Type of Soil

(kg/cm2)
gm/cm3

(kN/m2)

Factor
2.00

1.45 Plastic 2.00 28.44 0.284 1.00 6 6.00 6.00

2.95 Plastic 1.99 57.86 0.579 1.00 13 13.00 13.00

SPT VALUES
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
1.00

OBSERVED SPT 'N' VALUE

1.50 CORRECTED SPT (N") VALUE

DEPTH OF BOREHOLE

2.00

2.50

3.00
 Appendix : A-3

SPYROTECH GEOCON PVT. LTD. BORE LOG

GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR DOUBLING OF RAILWAY TRACK BETWEEN LUDHIANA AND KILA RAIPUR (17.174 KM) INCLUDING 25 KV HIGH RISE OHE RAILWAY
Name of Projects
ELECTRIFICATION AND SIGNALLING & TELECOMMUNICATION WORKS ON (EPC) MODE AT LUDHIYANA IN THE STATE OF PUNJAB

Termination Depth, m : 3.40 Ground Water Table, m : Not-Met Borehole No.: 1

Date : 27-Nov-22 27-Nov-22 Reduced Level, m : 100.000 Chainage : 08+168

I.S. S.P.T. Value

Reduced
Level, m

Sample
Depth Below Ground

N2+N3
S.P.T. VALUE
Level, m

N1

N2

N3
Group Hatching

0
100.000 0.00 - 0.50 D.S. ML

1.00 - 1.45 U.D. CI 1

1.45 - 1.90 S.P.T. 2 2 4 6

2.50 - 2.95 U.D. CI

2.95 - 3.40 S.P.T. 3 5 8 13

3
96.600

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Appendix : A-4
Appendix : A-5
Appendix : Z-6
Details of footing:
GL

Layer-1 0.5 m

2.2 m

7.5 m
Layer-2
2.9 m

8.7 m
Dw = 15.1 m
Index properties of soil:
Layer-1 Layer-2
Bulk unit weight of soil, γbulk = 20.00 19.90 kN/m3
Dry density of soil, γd = 16.20 16.40 kN/m3
Specific gravity of soil, Gs = 2.67 2.67
Liquid limit of soil, w L = 43.00 43.00
Void ratio, e 0 = 0.65 0.63 -initial void ratio of the sample

Shear strength parameters:

2
Cohesion of soil, c = 45.0 kN/m
Angle of internal friction, φ = 6°
Nc = 6.86
Bearing capacity factors
Nq = 1.75
for General shear failure
Nγ = 1.00
Nc ' = 6.23
Bearing capacity factors
Nq ' = 1.46
for local shear failure
Nγ ' = 0.28
2
Nφ = tan (45+φ/2) = 1.23
q = 44.00 kN/m2

Mode of failure = Intermediate shear failure [As per Table 3; IS 6403:1981]

Bearing capacity: [As per Cl. 5.1.2; IS 6403 : 1981]

qd = 𝑐𝑁 𝑠 𝑑 𝑖 + 𝑞 𝑁 − 1 𝑠 𝑑 𝑖 + 0.5𝐵𝛾𝑁 𝑠 𝑑 𝑖 𝑊′
-for general shear failure
2
qd' = 𝑐𝑁′ 𝑠 𝑑 𝑖 + 𝑞 𝑁′ − 1 𝑠 𝑑 𝑖 + 0.5𝐵𝛾𝑁′ 𝑠 𝑑 𝑖 𝑊′
3
-for local shear failure

Shape factors for rectangular base: [As per Cl. 5.1.2.1; IS 6403 : 1981]
sc = 1+ 0.2(B/L) = 1.172
sq = 1+ 0.2(B/L) = 1.172
sγ = 1- 0.4(B/L) = 0.655

Depth factors: [As per Cl. 5.1.2.2; IS 6403 : 1981]

dc = 1 + 0.2(D f/B) x √NØ = 1.07
dq=dɣ = 1 -for φ < 10°
dq = dγ = 1 + 0.1(D f/B) x √NØ = 1.00 -for φ > 10°

Water table correction factor: [As per Cl. 5.1.2.4; IS 6403 : 1981]
W' = 1.00
Bearing capacity based on shear:
.'. qd = 473.2 kN/m2 -for general shear failure
.'.qd' = 270.8 kN/m2 -for local shear failure
.'. qd,final = 374.0 kN/m2 -ultimate bearing capacity based upon shear criteria
FOS = 2.5
.'. qs,final = 149.6 kN/m2

Settlement of the deposit: [As per IS: 8009 (Part-1)-1976]

Settlement for clay layer, S c = λSoed -layer resting on cohesionless soil or rock

𝐻𝐶 𝑝 + ∆𝑝
Soed = log
1+𝑒 𝑝
Δσ = 149.6 kN/m2 -pressure at the base of foundation, due to which
settlement is to be computed
Layer-1
p0 = 38.86 kN/m2 -overburden pressure @ center of layer
z = 1.5 m -depth below foundation level
B/z = 5.2 m
L/z = 6.0 m
IB = 0.22 -Boussinesq's influence factor
.'. Δp = 32.9 kN/m2
e0 = 0.63 -initial void ratio of the layer
Ht = 1.5 m -height of the individual layers
Cc = 0.107
.'. Soed = 25.49 mm

Correction factors:
λ = 0.85 -for normally consolidated clay
[As per Table-1; IS: 8009(Part-1)- 1976]
1. Effect of depth of foundation: [As per Cl. 9.5.1; IS: 8009 (Part-1)- 1976]
D/√(LB) = 0.27
LB/√D = 92.27743
L/B = 1.16
.'. Depth factor = 0.92

2. Effect of rigidity of foundation: [As per Cl. 9.5.2; IS: 8009 (Part-1)- 1976]
.'. Rigidity factor = 0.80

Soed,final = 25.49 mm
Sc,final = 15.9 mm -final settlement of clay layer

.'. SBC of soil, q na = 149.6 kN/m2

Details of footing:
GL

Layer-1 0.5 m

2.15 m

2.05 m
Layer-2
2.9 m

6.775 m
Dw = 15.1 m
Index properties of soil:
Layer-1 Layer-2
Bulk unit weight of soil, γbulk = 20.00 19.90 kN/m3
Dry density of soil, γd = 16.20 16.40 kN/m3
Specific gravity of soil, Gs = 2.67 2.67
Liquid limit of soil, w L = 43.00 43.00
Void ratio, e 0 = 0.65 0.63 -initial void ratio of the sample

Shear strength parameters:

2
Cohesion of soil, c = 45.0 kN/m
Angle of internal friction, φ = 6°
Nc = 6.86
Bearing capacity factors
Nq = 1.75
for General shear failure
Nγ = 1.00
Nc ' = 6.23
Bearing capacity factors
Nq ' = 1.46
for local shear failure
Nγ ' = 0.28
2
Nφ = tan (45+φ/2) = 1.23
q = 43.00 kN/m2

Mode of failure = Intermediate shear failure [As per Table 3; IS 6403:1981]

Bearing capacity: [As per Cl. 5.1.2; IS 6403 : 1981]

qd = 𝑐𝑁 𝑠 𝑑 𝑖 + 𝑞 𝑁 − 1 𝑠 𝑑 𝑖 + 0.5𝐵𝛾𝑁 𝑠 𝑑 𝑖 𝑊′
-for general shear failure
2
qd' = 𝑐𝑁′ 𝑠 𝑑 𝑖 + 𝑞 𝑁′ − 1 𝑠 𝑑 𝑖 + 0.5𝐵𝛾𝑁′ 𝑠 𝑑 𝑖 𝑊′
3
-for local shear failure

Shape factors for rectangular base: [As per Cl. 5.1.2.1; IS 6403 : 1981]
sc = 1+ 0.2(B/L) = 1.061
sq = 1+ 0.2(B/L) = 1.061
sγ = 1- 0.4(B/L) = 0.879

Depth factors: [As per Cl. 5.1.2.2; IS 6403 : 1981]

dc = 1 + 0.2(D f/B) x √NØ = 1.23
dq=dɣ = 1 -for φ < 10°
dq = dγ = 1 + 0.1(D f/B) x √NØ = 1.00 -for φ > 10°

Water table correction factor: [As per Cl. 5.1.2.4; IS 6403 : 1981]
W' = 1.00
Bearing capacity based on shear:
.'. qd = 455.9 kN/m2 -for general shear failure
.'.qd' = 270.3 kN/m2 -for local shear failure
.'. qd,final = 365.0 kN/m2 -ultimate bearing capacity based upon shear criteria
FOS = 2.5
.'. qs,final = 146.0 kN/m2

Settlement of the deposit: [As per IS: 8009 (Part-1)-1976]

Settlement for clay layer, S c = λSoed -layer resting on cohesionless soil or rock

𝐻𝐶 𝑝 + ∆𝑝
Soed = log
1+𝑒 𝑝
Δσ = 146.0 kN/m2 -pressure at the base of foundation, due to which
settlement is to be computed
Layer-1
p0 = 38.86 kN/m2 -overburden pressure @ center of layer
z = 1.5 m -depth below foundation level
B/z = 1.4 m
L/z = 4.7 m
IB = 0.22 -Boussinesq's influence factor
.'. Δp = 32.1 kN/m2
e0 = 0.63 -initial void ratio of the layer
Ht = 1.5 m -height of the individual layers
Cc = 0.107
.'. Soed = 25.03 mm

Correction factors:
λ = 0.85 -for normally consolidated clay
[As per Table-1; IS: 8009(Part-1)- 1976]
1. Effect of depth of foundation: [As per Cl. 9.5.1; IS: 8009 (Part-1)- 1976]
D/√(LB) = 0.58
LB/√D = 19.64166
L/B = 3.30
.'. Depth factor = 0.92

2. Effect of rigidity of foundation: [As per Cl. 9.5.2; IS: 8009 (Part-1)- 1976]
.'. Rigidity factor = 0.80

Soed,final = 25.03 mm
Sc,final = 15.7 mm -final settlement of clay layer

.'. SBC of soil, q na = 146.0 kN/m2

Details of footing:
GL

Layer-1 0.5 m

2.3 m

2.05 m
Layer-2
2.9 m

6.775 m
Dw = 15.1 m
Index properties of soil:
Layer-1 Layer-2
Bulk unit weight of soil, γbulk = 20.00 19.90 kN/m3
Dry density of soil, γd = 16.20 16.40 kN/m3
Specific gravity of soil, Gs = 2.67 2.67
Liquid limit of soil, w L = 43.00 43.00
Void ratio, e 0 = 0.65 0.63 -initial void ratio of the sample

Shear strength parameters:

2
Cohesion of soil, c = 45.0 kN/m
Angle of internal friction, φ = 6°
Nc = 6.86
Bearing capacity factors
Nq = 1.75
for General shear failure
Nγ = 1.00
Nc ' = 6.23
Bearing capacity factors
Nq ' = 1.46
for local shear failure
Nγ ' = 0.28
2
Nφ = tan (45+φ/2) = 1.23
q = 46.00 kN/m2

Mode of failure = Intermediate shear failure [As per Table 3; IS 6403:1981]

Bearing capacity: [As per Cl. 5.1.2; IS 6403 : 1981]

qd = 𝑐𝑁 𝑠 𝑑 𝑖 + 𝑞 𝑁 − 1 𝑠 𝑑 𝑖 + 0.5𝐵𝛾𝑁 𝑠 𝑑 𝑖 𝑊′
-for general shear failure
2
qd' = 𝑐𝑁′ 𝑠 𝑑 𝑖 + 𝑞 𝑁′ − 1 𝑠 𝑑 𝑖 + 0.5𝐵𝛾𝑁′ 𝑠 𝑑 𝑖 𝑊′
3
-for local shear failure

Shape factors for rectangular base: [As per Cl. 5.1.2.1; IS 6403 : 1981]
sc = 1+ 0.2(B/L) = 1.061
sq = 1+ 0.2(B/L) = 1.061
sγ = 1- 0.4(B/L) = 0.879

Depth factors: [As per Cl. 5.1.2.2; IS 6403 : 1981]

dc = 1 + 0.2(D f/B) x √NØ = 1.25
dq=dɣ = 1 -for φ < 10°
dq = dγ = 1 + 0.1(D f/B) x √NØ = 1.00 -for φ > 10°

Water table correction factor: [As per Cl. 5.1.2.4; IS 6403 : 1981]
W' = 1.00
Bearing capacity based on shear:
.'. qd = 463.6 kN/m2 -for general shear failure
.'.qd' = 275.0 kN/m2 -for local shear failure
.'. qd,final = 371.2 kN/m2 -ultimate bearing capacity based upon shear criteria
FOS = 2.5
.'. qs,final = 148.5 kN/m2

Settlement of the deposit: [As per IS: 8009 (Part-1)-1976]

Settlement for clay layer, S c = λSoed -layer resting on cohesionless soil or rock

𝐻𝐶 𝑝 + ∆𝑝
Soed = log
1+𝑒 𝑝
Δσ = 148.5 kN/m2 -pressure at the base of foundation, due to which
settlement is to be computed
Layer-1
p0 = 38.86 kN/m2 -overburden pressure @ center of layer
z = 1.5 m -depth below foundation level
B/z = 1.4 m
L/z = 4.7 m
IB = 0.22 -Boussinesq's influence factor
.'. Δp = 32.7 kN/m2
e0 = 0.63 -initial void ratio of the layer
Ht = 1.5 m -height of the individual layers
Cc = 0.107
.'. Soed = 25.35 mm

Correction factors:
λ = 0.85 -for normally consolidated clay
[As per Table-1; IS: 8009(Part-1)- 1976]
1. Effect of depth of foundation: [As per Cl. 9.5.1; IS: 8009 (Part-1)- 1976]
D/√(LB) = 0.62
LB/√D = 19.64166
L/B = 3.30
.'. Depth factor = 0.92

2. Effect of rigidity of foundation: [As per Cl. 9.5.2; IS: 8009 (Part-1)- 1976]
.'. Rigidity factor = 0.80

Soed,final = 25.35 mm
Sc,final = 15.9 mm -final settlement of clay layer

.'. SBC of soil, q na = 148.5 kN/m2