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7 Data link Layer

The Data Link layer is the second layer of the OSI model, responsible for node-to-node data transfer, error detection, and correction. It includes key functions such as framing, physical addressing, flow control, and access control, and is divided into two sublayers: Logical Link Control (LLC) and Media Access Control (MAC). The layer ensures efficient and error-free communication between adjacent network nodes using techniques like cyclic redundancy check (CRC) for error management.

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6 views

7 Data link Layer

The Data Link layer is the second layer of the OSI model, responsible for node-to-node data transfer, error detection, and correction. It includes key functions such as framing, physical addressing, flow control, and access control, and is divided into two sublayers: Logical Link Control (LLC) and Media Access Control (MAC). The layer ensures efficient and error-free communication between adjacent network nodes using techniques like cyclic redundancy check (CRC) for error management.

Uploaded by

gaurav
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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com/@techwithravish

Data Link Layer:


The Data Link layer is the second layer in the OSI (Open Systems
Interconnection) model. It is responsible for node-to-node data
transfer and handles error detection and correction from the physical
layer. The Data Link layer ensures that data transferred between
adjacent network nodes is error-free and efficient.
Key Functions of the Data Link Layer
- Framing
- Physical Addressing
- Error Detection and Correction
- Flow Control
- Access Control
- Link Establishment and Termination
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Framing: The Data Link layer encapsulates raw bits from
the Physical layer into frames. A frame is a structured
package of data that includes not only the Payload (actual
data) but also control information such as source and
destination MAC addresses and protocol-specific details (in
Header) and CRD and error-checking codes (In Trailer).
Sender Packet FRAME Packet Receiver

Header Payload Field Trailer Header Payload Field Trailer


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Physical Addressing: Unlike the Network layer, which uses


logical addressing (like IP addresses), the Data Link layer uses
physical addressing to identify devices on a local network.
Each device's network interface card (NIC) has a unique MAC
(Media Access Control) address used for this purpose.
48 Bits

Hexadecimal Number 02 1A 3C 12 A7 E6

Network
Organizational Universally
Interface
Unique Administered
Controller
Identifier Address
Specific
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Error Detection and Correction: The Data Link layer


provides mechanisms to detect and correct errors that may
occur in the Physical layer. It uses techniques like cyclic
redundancy check (CRC) to detect errors in transmitted
frames. If errors are detected, the frames can be
retransmitted.

There are two Types of Error in Data Forwarding:


1. Bit Error (Error in a Single Bit)
2. Burst Error (Error in multiple Bit)
Two Types of Error in Data Forwarding: Data Link Layer
Bit Error:
Sender Receiver
0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0

Error in a Single Bit during Transmission


Burst Error:
Sender Receiver

0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0

Error in a Multiple Bits during Transmission


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Cyclic Redundancy Check:
Sender Data Data Receiver
0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0

Generating Function If Correct

0 1 0 1 Redundant Bits
Checking Function

0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0
Flow Control: Once the path is determined, the network
layer forwards the packets from one network segment to
another, eventually reaching the destination. This involves
handling the packets at each hop along the route.
Sender

Receiver

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Sub layers of the Data Link Layer: https://www.youtube.com/@techwithravish

Logical Link Control (LLC):


The LLC Sublayer manages communication between the Data
Link layer and the Network layer. It handles error checking
and frame synchronization. The LLC Sublayer provides a way
to multiplex multiple network protocols over the same
physical network and controls frame synchronization and
error checking. Some Functions of LLC:
-Multiplexing and Demultiplexing
-Error Detection
-Flow Control
-Frame Sequencing
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Sub layers of the Data Link Layer:
Media Access Control (MAC):
The MAC sublayer is responsible for controlling how devices
on a network gain access to the medium and permission to
transmit data. It handles the physical addressing (MAC
addresses) and defines how data is placed on and retrieved
from the physical medium. Functions of MAC Sublayer:
- Physical Addressing
- Access Control (how multiple devices share same physical medium)
- Medium Access Control Protocols
- Flow Control
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Physical Layer:
The Physical layer is the first and lowest layer in the OSI
model. It is responsible for the actual transmission and
reception of raw bit streams over a physical medium. This
layer defines the hardware elements involved in the data
transmission process, including cables, switches, network
interface cards, and other physical components.
Sender Receiver
0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0

Transmission Medium

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