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VI. Read the passage.

A zero-waste lifestyle is an eco-friendly lifestyle that aims to reduce the amount of waste an individual creates
daily and send as little waste to landfills as possible. While it is impossible to create zero waste, there are many
ways to reduce consumption that can benefit our planet. Much of the food waste we produce, like eggshells
or fruit peels, are biodegradable materials and they can become nutrient-rich soil, homegrown fertilizer, for
plants. Many common household items can be repurposed to reduce waste. For example, glass jars can be
handy for storing food or become lovely flower vases. An old bed sheet can be turned into a reusable bag for
grocery shopping. Use fabric bags to carry fresh produce, so we don't have to use the store's single-use plastic
bags. Buying second-hand clothing is a good way to reuse pre-existing materials, rather than purchasing new,
trendy, fast-fashion garments that are more likely to end up in a landfill. Recycling is the process by which
used materials are converted into new products. Recycling cuts down on our need to harvest resources,
minimizes greenhouse gas emissions, and reduces deforestation over time. When waste generation is
decreased, it has a positive impact on pollution linked to manufacturing, transportation, and disposal. Adopting
a zero-waste lifestyle can be challenging because we have to unlearn wasteful behaviours while learning to
practise mindful consumption.
(A)Find the bold-faced words in the passage that are similar in meaning to the following. There an
extra. (5 marks)
(1) occurring, found, or done often =
(2) paying close attention to =
(3) agricultural and other natural products =
(4) the action of causing something to exist =
(5) the action of using up resources =
(B) Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (10 marks)
(6) What are the aims of a zero-waste lifestyle?
(7) Give an example of repurposing an old thing to reduce waste.
(8) How can recycling help the environment?
(9) Why can adopting a zero-waste lifestyle be challenging?
(10) What are your suggestions for changing to a zero-waste lifestyle?
VI. Read the passage.
Renewable and non-renewable resources are energy sources that people use to function on a daily basis.
Renewable resources can naturally replenish themselves, but non-renewable resources cannot. This means
that non-renewable resources are limited in supply and cannot be used sustainably. There are four major types
of non-renewable resources: oil, natural gas, coal and nuclear energy. Oil, natural gas and coal are called fossil
fuels. Fossil fuels were formed within the Earth from dead plants and animals over millions of years. They are
found in underground layers of rock and sediment. Pressure and heat worked together to transform the plant
and animal remains into crude oil, natural gas and coal. Nuclear energy comes from radioactive elements,
mainly uranium, which is extracted from mined ore and then refined into fuel.
Human society depends on non-renewable resources as its primary source of energy. People use fossil fuels
because they are energy-rich and relatively cheap to process. But a major problem with fossil fuels is that
burning them releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Rising levels of heat-trapping carbon dioxide in
the atmosphere is the main cause of global warming. Therefore, alternative energy sources, such as wind and
solar energy, are a possible solution to the depletion of non-renewable sources. They are available in unlimited
supply.
(A)Find the bold-faced words in the passage that are similar in meaning to the following. There is an
extra. (5 marks)
(1) main =
(2) pieces of something that continue to exist when most of it has been destroyed =
(3) to fill something up again =
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(4) a reduction in something =

(5) in a way that can continue over a period of time =
(B) Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (10 marks)
(6) What is the difference between renewable and non-renewable resources?
(7) What are four major types of non-renewable resources?
(8) How long does it take for plant and animal remains to become fossil fuels?
(9) Why do people use fossil fuels?
(10) What will happen if people do not stop using non-renewable resources?
VI. Read the passage.
Rivers are not just wonderful natural features but they also serve as important parts of both the landscape and
our lives. Over five billion people and thousands of animals rely on them. Unfortunately, water supplies in
countries all over the globe are depleting, while river pollution is on the increase.
Today, 30 out of 47 of the world's largest rivers show signs of water pollution. These even include the great
rivers like the Nile, Yangtze and Ganges, which are in extreme danger. Some of the most polluted rivers flow
in Europe or the United States. There is not much clean water remaining, and the cleanest rivers are far from
human reach, in the Arctic or Siberia.
All across the globe, people are facing the problems caused by growing populations and declining water
availability. For the first time in history, agricultural production is dropping due to lack of water, and nothing
can prevent this. Each day, 10,000 more mouths are brought into this world with less water to meet their
needs. We don't have much time. We must take immediate action.
(A) Find the bold-faced words in the passage that are similar in meaning to the following. There is an
extra. (5 marks)
(1) lessening =
(2) complications =
(3) significant =
(4) newborn babies =
(5) left =
(B) Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (10 marks)
(6) Who needs rivers for survival?
(7) What proportion of the largest rivers in the world are not being polluted, and which rivers will no longer
be of good use in the future?
(8) Where can one find the cleanest rivers? Why?
(9) Why are people around the world facing problems?
(10) What does the writer urge you to do? What do you think would happen if you didn't do so?
VI. Read the passage.
Nonverbal communication can be anything that is not said. For example, if a man is smiling, you know he is
probably happy. If a woman is rubbing her head, she may be stressed. Nonverbal communication depends in
some ways on a person's background and culture. For example, in some cultures, pointing with a finger means
that you are showing something. In other cultures, pointing is not good. People instead show things by using
their whole hand.
Scientists say that men and women use various kinds of nonverbal communication. Not all men and women
use the same kinds of nonverbal communication, but many do. In general, women tend to stand closer to the
person they are talking to. This shows that the woman is interested in what the other person has to say. They
also tend not to make large movements with their hands when they speak. However, men tend to stand farther
away from the person they are speaking to. This could be because many men prefer to have more personal
space. When speaking with others, men also tend to use large movements to help show what they are talking
about. If you understand what people are saying with their body, it can help you know how they feel or what
they really mean.
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(A) Find the bold-faced words in the passage that are similar in meaning to the following. There is an
extra. (5 marks)
(1) not using spoken language
(2) freedom and time to think or do what you want to
(3) worried and nervous
(4) moving your hand backwards and forwards on the surface of something while pressing firmly
(5) the beliefs, customs, arts, etc., of a particular society or group
(B) Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (10 marks)
(6) According to the passage, what influences nonverbal communication?
(7) Mention two instances of cultural nuances in nonverbal communication.
(8) Why do women stand closer to the person they are talking to?
(9) How does understanding nonverbal communication benefit you?
(10) What is the main idea of the passage?
VI. Read the passage.
Sports can be defined as all types of physical activity that people do to keep healthy or for enjoyment.
International and local sports events, ranging from the FIFA World Cup and the Olympic Games to the School
Sports Day activities, indicate the significance of sports in our life. Sports can be categorized into individual
sports such as archery, partner sports such as badminton, team sports such as basketball, and extreme sports
such as free climbing. We can enjoy health benefits when we do sports. Doing sports is a way of burning
calories. We can burn 1,074 calories if we run eight miles per hour. Moreover, we can reduce stress and
depression, develop a healthy heart and lungs, and improve bone density when we do sports. Sports can bring
social benefits to us, too. People who do sports can enhance social relationships, making friends with their
playmates very easily. Sports can teach us ethics, disciplines, patience, leadership and time management.
There is a misconception that doing sports is time-consuming. In fact, students who do sports regularly enjoy
educational benefits: they are healthier, brighter and thus get better grades in examinations. It is no wonder
that the most developed countries in the world have made the greatest investments in the sports sector.
(A) Find the bold-faced words in the passage that are similar in meaning to the following. There is an
extra. (5 marks)
(1) dangerous =
(2) moral principles that govern a person's behaviour =
(3) varying between specified limits =
(4) the acts of putting money, time, etc. into something to make a profit =
(5) unproductive =
(B) Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (10 marks)
(6) Why do people do sports?
(7) What shows that sports play a significant role in our life?
(8) How many types of sports are mentioned in the passage and what are they?
(9) What can we learn from sports?
(10) Why have the most developed countries in the world made the greatest investments in the sports sector?
VI. Read the passage.
Maintaining a balanced diet is crucial for our well-being. A diverse range of foods provides the body with
essential nutrients. Vegetables and fruits offer vitamins, while grains and proteins contribute energy. It is
important to limit the intake of sugary and processed foods, as they can have negative effects on our health.
Breakfast is often regarded as the most important meal of the day. A nutritious breakfast fuels our body and
helps kickstart our metabolism. Whole-grain cereals, fruits, and dairy products are excellent choices.
Snacking can be part of a healthy diet, but it's essential to choose wisely. Nuts, yogurt, and fresh fruits make
for nutritious snacks. Hydration is equally important, so drinking an adequate amount of water throughout
the day is encouraged.
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Incorporating a variety of colours on your plate ensures a mix of nutrients. Dark green vegetables, vibrant
fruits, and different protein sources contribute to a well-rounded meal. Ultimately, a balanced and mindful
approach to eating promotes overall health and well-being.
(A) Find the bold-faced words in the passage that are similar in meaning to the following. There is an
extra. (5 marks)
(1) sufficient or satisfactory =
(2) the amount or quantity of something taken in =
(3) being conscious or aware of something =
(4) varied or having a range of different elements =
(5) initiate or start with energy and enthusiasm =
(B) Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (10 marks)
(6) Name the different food groups that provide vitamins and energy to the body.
(7) Why is it important to limit the intake of sugary and processed foods?
(8) Why is breakfast considered the most important meal of the day?
(9) What are some examples of healthy snacks mentioned in the passage?
(10) Why is it encouraged to incorporate a variety of colours on our plate?
VI. Read the passage.
Scientists have revealed new information about the effects of our diet on our mental health. According to
researchers, our brain chemistry is affected by what we eat until the age of 30.Their explanation is based on
the fact that older adults are more emotionally stable and resilient than those under 30. A team led by Lina
Begdache, a professor of health and wellness studies, carried out the research. Researchers have stated that
although the connection between our diet and diabetes, heart disease, and obesity is well-established, the effect
of diet on mental health has not been extensively studied. The researchers also suggested that mental well-
being stimulates healthy eating, healthy practices, and exercise.
An anonymous internet survey was used to conduct the research. It was sent through social media platforms
to various professional and social group networks. According to Professor Begdache, those aged under 30 who
eat fast food more than three times weekly have higher levels of mental distress, anxiety, and
depression. The study found that for adults over 30, eating less carbohydrates and more fruit reduced anxiety
and depression, as she stated. Begdache pointed to research showing that a Mediterranean diet is as good for
our brain as for our body. She stated that the brain's healthy structure requires all the necessary components.
(A) Find the bold-faced words in the passage that are similar in meaning to the following. There is an
extra. (5 marks)
(1) the state or condition of being very fat or overweight =
(2) not identified by name =
(3) able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions =
(4) a feeling of worry, nervousness =
(5) raises levels of physiological or nervous activity =
(B) Answer the following questions. Give complete answers. (10 marks)
(6) What did the researchers say about the connection between diet and obesity and its effect on mental
health?
(7) How was the survey conducted and sent?
(8) To reduce anxiety and depression, what foods should adults over 30 avoid?
(9) What is the frequency of fast food consumption that leads to mental distress among adults?
(10) In the study, what is the recommended diet and benefits mentioned by the professor?