GE ELECTIVE 1 : INTRODUCTION TO

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION

TECHNOLOGY

IT for Entrepreneurs
 2 Corinthians 12:9 In-Context9
But he said to me, “My grace is sufficient for you, for
my power is made perfect in weakness.” Therefore I
will boast all the more gladly about my weaknesses,
so that Christ's power may rest on me.
 WEEK 2
Classifications of Computer According to Age
 GE ELECTIVE 1 : INTRODUCTION TO ICT

1. First Generation: 1951-1958

Characteristics:
·Large, bulky machines
·Employed vacuum tubes in their circuitry
·Operating speed measured in milliseconds
·Memory capacity: 2000-4000 characters
o Examples: UNIVAC1, CRT 102, IBM 701, IBM 650

UNIVAC 1
 GE ELECTIVE 1 : INTRODUCTION TO ICT

2. Second Generation: 1959-1964

Characteristics:
·Use of transistors instead of vacuum tubes
·Smaller, generate almost no heat and require minimum power
·Operating speed measured in microseconds
·Memory capacity: 30000 characters
o Examples: IBM 1401, B-200, GE-225, NCR 315, RCA 301,
UNIVAC 1004
IBM 1401
 GE ELECTIVE 1 : INTRODUCTION TO ICT

3. Third Generation: 1964-1970

Characteristics:
·Reduced physical size
·Increased durability
·Operating speed measured in nanoseconds
·Memory capacity: at least 100,000 characters
·Designed to process both scientific-oriented and business-
oriented problem (general purpose computers)
IBM 360, THE FIRST MODULAR, GENERAL MULTI-
o Examples: IBM 360, SPECTRA 70
PURPOSE COMPUTER
ACCORDING TO SIZE
ACCORDING TO SIZE

1. Supercomputers. These are high capacity

machines and are considered the fastest processing
devices. These are used in modelling complex
phenomena such as oil exploration, weather
forecasting, nuclear explosions, airplane design, etc.
Examples are: Cray Research, Intel Supercomputers,
Convex, Fujitsu, NEC, etc.
ACCORDING TO SIZE
2. Mainframes. Mainframe computers are water or air-
coiled computers which are capable of great processing
speed and data storage. It is used in banks, airlines,
insurance companies, government agencies such as BIR,
NEA, etc.
·Memory capacity: minimum of 5 megabytes
·Execution speed: 100 nanoseconds
·Used for general applications
Examples: IBM 360/20, NCR 3, UNIVAC 9400
ACCORDING TO SIZE
Large scale computers are actual high-level machines that
have storage capacities in the million-byte range. They
process full control systems with minimal operator
conventions. They are also capable of linking up with dozens
of high-level I/O devices and performing operations at
phenomenal rates.
Examples: IBM 360/85, IBM 370, B-700
ACCORDING TO SIZE
3. Minicomputer. These are machines used either as single
workstations or as a system feed my network to several
terminals. These are used by medium-sized companies for
accounting, billing, inventory, payroll and other business
transaction. Developers include digital equipment corp.,
Data General, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Tandem, etc.
·Memory capacity: 48 kilobytes-640kilobytes
·Execution speed: 0.5 to 0.2 nanoseconds
·Used for general applications but may be configures for
specialized ones
ACCORDING TO SIZE
4. Microcomputer. are small computers used as a personal
computer or as terminals to a network. It is generally used
for specialized applications like processing, numerical
control and small communication systems. These type of
computers come in several size, as follow:
·Desktop. Those in which the system cabinet sits on a desk,
with keyboard and monitor located in front. The system
motherboard is enclosed in a mini-tower casing.

·Laptop. It is a portable computer equipped with flat

display screen and weighs just about 3.5 to 8 kilograms. The
top computer opens up and serves as the screen.
·Notebook. A portable computer similar to the size of a
thick notebook and weighs 1.5 to 3.3 kilograms. The display
screen and keyboard are similar that the desktop.
·Pocket PC. A handheld computer that weighs about 0.4
kilograms and are used as electronic diaries, personal
communicators like cellular phones, and as pocket
organizers.
·Wearable computer. The key glasses through which
computer images are displayed (in particular, these can be
images of real reality). A pair of stereo glasses can be fitted
with a pair of stereo speakers, and a microphone in a VR-
helmet.
ACCORDING TO DESIGN
1. General-purpose computer
·Designed to program a variety of operations.
·Has the ability to store different programs of instructions in
its internal storage.
·The ability to perform a variety of operations is achieved at
the expense of speed and efficiency of performance.
ACCORDING TO DESIGN
2. Special-purpose computer
·Designed for a specific operation and usually satisfies the
need of a particular type of problem.

·The instructions that control the machine are built into it.
·Specialization of the machine results in the economical,
efficient and effective performance of a specific operation.

Examples: ATM (Automated Teller Machines), factory

robots, computers used for collecting highway tolls, airline
reservations, and industrial process control.
ACCORDING TO APPLICATION
1. Business computer
·Requires the processing of large number of records or vast
amount of data
·Perform relatively little computation/manipulation on each
record/data
·Large volume of output in the form of reports
·Emphasize on high-speed input and output instructions to
facilitate the conversion (editing) of sorted data into report
format
ACCORDING TO APPLICATION
2. Scientific computer
·Requires the processing of a relatively small amount of
data
·Performs extensive internal computation on data
·Produces little output
·Uses high-speed internal processing but have limited
input/output capabilities
ACCORDING TO OPERATION
1. Digital Computer
·Operates directly on decimal digits that represents either
discrete data or symbols
·Takes input and gives output in the form of numbers,
letters and special characters represented by holes in
punched cards, spots on magnetic tapes, printing on paper,
etc.
·Generally used for business and scientific data processing.
·Capable of achieving varying degrees of accuracy in both
intermediate and final values of data.
·Possesses greater accuracy than the analog computer.
ACCORDING TO OPERATION
2. Analog Computer
·It measures continuous electrical or physical magnitudes
like current length, pressure, voltage, temperature, shaft
rotations, which represent or are analogous, to the number
under consideration.
·It can process data faster than a digital computer.
ACCORDING TO OPERATION
3. Hybrid Computer
·it has the ability to solve problems at a speed faster than
analog computers and greater accuracy than digital
computers.
ACCORDING TO THE NUMBER
OF USERS
ACCORDING TO THE NUMBER
OF USERS
ACCORDING TO THE NUMBER
OF USERS
 WEEK 2
Classifications of Computer According to Age
 TECHNOLOGY TRENDS

1. GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
 TECHNOLOGY TRENDS

MOST USED ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

ChatGPT. Over the past few

years, OpenAI's ChatGPT has
gained popularity for its ability
to generate human-like text
responses and engage in
conversations
 TECHNOLOGY TRENDS

2. 5G FUNCTIONS

5G expansion is the process of

increasing the number of areas
covered by 5G networks. 5G
networks are expanding to
provide faster, more reliable
internet services to more
people.
 TECHNOLOGY TRENDS

3. VIRTUAL REALITY

(VR) is a technology that

creates a simulated 3D
environment that users can
interact with in real time. VR
uses devices like headsets,
gloves, or body suits to create
the illusion that the user is
immersed in a virtual world.
 TECHNOLOGY TRENDS

4. AUGMENTED REALITY

a technology that combines

the real world with computer-
generated content to create
an interactive experience. AR
can use visual, auditory, and
other sensory stimuli.
 TECHNOLOGY TRENDS

5. SYNTHETIC MEDIA

is a term for media that has

been artificially created or
modified using technology,
such as artificial intelligence
(AI). It can include images,
videos, text, and audio.