✓ What is Research

Today's ✓ Aims of Research

✓ What is Inquiry
Agenda ✓ Investigation and Immersion
✓ Purpose of Research
✓ Importance of Research in Daily Life
✓ Characteristics of Research
✓ Research Process
✓ Ethics in Research
✓ Summary of Research
 What is Research?

Research is defined as the scientific investigation of phenomena which includes

collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of facts that lines an individual‘s
speculation with reality.

Solutions to problems must be based on knowledge not on mere beliefs, guesses or theories

In research a systematic and well-planned procedure is required to meet the need in order
that information is acquired and evaluate its accuracy and effectiveness.

It is a process of inquiring.
 What is Research

Prefix “Again” “Too look for something”

“To look for something again”

Aims of Research
 What is Inquiry?

Defined as “a seeking for truth, information or knowledge". The information is sought

through questioning.

The information and data pursued through questioning begins with gathering by applying the
different human senses.

Individuals carry on the process of inquiry from birth till death.

Inquiry is synonymous with the word investigation.

 Investigation and Immersion
Investigation is a systematic examination of a certain event or
phenomenon.

Immersion is a process whereby a researcher immerses (deeply

involves) himself in the data gathering activities and the data he
has gathered is carefully read or examined by him in detail.
 Purpose of Research
• To discover new facts about known phenomena
• To find answers to problems
• To improve existing techniques and develop new
instruments or products.
• To discover previously unrecognized substances or elements.
• To discover pathways of action of known
substances and elements
• To prove or generate theory
 Importance of Research in Daily Life
1. Research directs us to inquire about the right information by
conducting further investigation of the actual condition. It leads us
to be cautious in giving results and findings by proving lies and
supporting the truth.
2. Research empowers us with knowledge and discovers new
things and issues in life. It helps us solve problems in health, crimes,
business, technology and environment.
3. Research facilitates learning as an opportunity to share valuable
information to others as a way of recognizing various concerns for
public awareness.
 ACCURACY

• It must give correct

or accurate data
 It must deal with facts not
with mere opinions

OBJECTIVENESS
TIMELINESS

Topic that is fresh, new, and

interesting to the present
society.
 Topic that is
instrumental in
improving
society or in
solving
problems
affecting the
lives of people
RELEVANCE in a community
Expressing a central point
or discoveries by using
simple, direct, concise, and CLARITY
correct language
 SYSTEMATIC
- It must take place in
an organized or
orderly manner
 Based on direct experience or observation
EMPIRICAL by the researcher

LOGICAL Based on valid procedures and principles

It starts with a problem and ends with a

CYCLICAL problem

Proven analytical procedures in gathering

ANALYTICAL the data, whether historical, descriptive,
and experimental research or case study

CRITICAL Exhibits careful and precise judgment

Research design and procedures are

REPLICABILITY replicated or repeated to enable to arrive
at valid conclusive results.
Research is a realistic undertaking that must result to
empirical data. Empirical data are those derived from
actual observations of a [phenomenon, interviews of
people who have witnessed an incident, analysis of first-
hand documents sources, excavation of artifacts and
other actions that yield valid evidences of one’s
investigations.
Research follows valid, definite principles, frameworks and
procedures. There are proper logical and ethical
approaches to search for answers to a specific research
question. Failure to follow these procedures correctly may
yield invalid and unreliable outcomes.
Research is cyclical. It starts with a problem and ends with
another. As soon as a research question is answered,
other questions may arise. This process continues until
such time that a purified body of knowledge is attained.
After employing strictly and correctly the predetermined
procedure and gathering empirical data, the latter must be
analyzed to elicit the desired meaning from the obtained
information. It is only through this process that research
results become relevant not only to the people who
participated in the investigation but also to those who
share similar characteristics. Proper analysis of the data
should be done before making final conclusions.
 Objectivity is defined as the lack of bias or prejudice.
Analysis and interpretation of data, and drawing out
implications from research data must be free from bias
and alterations to favor a certain hyphothesis,a
personality, or an organization.

The research is said to be critical when the researcher is

careful and precise in processing ideas and judgements.
Research procedures must be written clearly and
chronologically for it to be replicable; such that other
researchers can redo or repeat the investigation with the
intent of verifying the generated information.
 Research Process
1. RESEARCH 2. REVIEW OF
PROBLEM RELATED LITERATURE
3. METHODOLOGY

7. Define new
problem

6. 4. GATHER
5. Process and
Conclusions and NECESSARY DATA
analyse data
recommendations
ETHICS IN RESEARCH
Research ethics are guidelines for the responsible
conduct of research which educates and monitors
researchers to ensure high standard.
ETHICAL CONSIDERATION IN CONDUCTING
RESEARCH

1. Objectivity and integrity

2. Respect of the research subjects’ right to privacy and dignity and
protection of subjects from personal harm
3. Presentation of research findings
4. Misuse of research role
5. Acknowledgement of research collaboration and assistance
6. Distortions of findings by sponsor
 SUMMARY OF RESEARCH
IN SUMMARY, RESEARCH IS AN ORGANIZED METHOD OF FINDING NOVEL OR
RELATIVELY NEW IDEAS FROM EXISTING BODY OF KNOWLEDGE WITH THE
HELP OF USEFUL TOOLS FOR THE PURPOSE OF IMPROVING THE QUALITY
OF LIFE.
BY USING THESE IDEAS RESULTING FROM RESEARCH, MOST OF THE
SOCIETY’S MAJOR PROBLEMS ARE RESOLVED, NEEDS ARE SATISFIED, AND
DEMANDS ARE MET.
THESE NEW IDEAS ALSO PAVED WAYS IN CREATING INNOVATIVE
TECHNOLOGIES FOR A MORE COMFORTABLE AND CONVENIENT LIFE.