Chapter 4

Moving Charges and magnetism

2025 Model - 8 Mark

Question
A stationary charge can produce magnetic field
(True/false)

False

Model 2021
OERSTED EXPERIMENT

• Danish physicist Hans Christian Oersted noticed that a current

in a straight wire caused a noticeable deflection in a nearby
magnetic compass needle.
• Oersted concluded that moving charges or currents produced a
magnetic field in the surrounding space.
Question
Name the force experienced by a charge q moving through
a uniform magnetic field with a velocity V.

MLF

March 2022
Magnetic Lorentz force
It is the force acting on a charged particle moving in a
magnetic field.

F = guBSino

F =
q(x)
FY
FIN n w =0 KE = Const
Question
Force experienced on a charge ‘q’ moving with a velocity ‘v’
in a direction parallel to the direction of a magnetic field of
intensity B is ______.
O

Y B
8 = 00 -

F= 0

2022 Say
Question
Using magnetic Lorentz force equation Find the SI unit
of intensity of magnetic field.

F = qVB Sino

B = using

= N
Model 2019
Question
Work done by magnetic Lorentz force on a moving charge in
a magnetic field is always
(a) +ve
(b) —Ve
(c) Zero -

2022 Christmas
Question
A particle of charge q is moving with a velocity v through a
region, where an electric field E and a magnetic field B are
present. Write an equation for total force on charge.

Say 2020
Model 2021
Lorentz force
It is the total force acting on a charged particle moving in the
combined effect of electric and magnetic fields.

F = FB + Fz

F = qEx + qE
Question
The direction of magnetic field around a current carrying
conductor is given by

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Question
When a positively charged particle enters perpendicular to
a uniform magnetic field the path of the charged particle
will be
(i) Elliptical (ii) Circular -
(iii) Helical (iv) Straight

Say 2024
Model 2023
Model 2022
March 2020
A charge entering in to a perpendicular magnetic field
Consider a uniform magnetic field entering into the plane, a charged
particle entering perpendicular to the magnetic field. Apply left hand
rule at any point. The magnetic Lorentz force always acting towards
the centre of the circle as shown in the figure.

N
Note :
“When a charge entering in to a perpendicular magnetic field,
it rotate”
Question
A charged particle is entering a uniform magnetic field
normally. Is there any change in the kinetic energy of the
charged particle? Explain.

w =o

KE = Consti

OkE = O

-
Model 2023
Question
Derive an expression for the velocity and kinetic energy of
the charged particle entering perpendicular to a uniform
magnetic field.

Model 2023
Speed of charged particle

Fc = Fig

a
V =a v
=
Kinetic energy of charged particle

mud
KE =
=
Im
KE =
Im
KE =
Question
An electron enters with a velocity of 10⁵ m/s at right angles
to a magnetic field of 19 T. Calculate the radius of the circular
path described by the electron.

U=
um =
0 .
299m

Say 2024
Question
And a particle and a proton are moving in a region normal to
a uniform magnetic field B. If two particles have equal linear
momenta, what will be the ratio of the radii of their
trajectories in the field ?
a + alphap

I
Pa Pp = Const

rat
=

P = mu
V
=
v = 9 = 2e Say 2019
=
=
=
-
Circ = 2 : /
Question
A charged particle is entering a uniform magnetic field
normally.Prove that the frequency of revaluation of the
charged particle is independent of its velocity.

Model 2023
Time period and frequency of charged particle

distance
a
time =
-

T
=
f =
T
= m
Question
A charged particle is moving perpendicular to a uniform
magnetic field. If the field is non-uniform, what is its

-
new trajectory ?

- =
um sin

G
Model 2022
Question
A charged particle enters a uniform magnetic field at an
angle of 40⁰. Its path becomes.........
helical

March 2019
Charged particle entering at an angle θ

Using
x
Helical path
,
Yoso B
Pitch
Distance moved in one revolution is called pitch

pitch =
vXt

VCOSO
=
Question
State Biot-Savart law.

2024 Say
2024 March
2023 March
2021 March
2020 Model
 ✔

Biot savart law

Biot-savart law state that the magnetic field at a point due to
the small element of a current carrying conductor is directly
proportional to the
current flowing through the conductor (I)
the length of the element (dl)
sine of the angle between r and dl.

And inversely proportional to the

square of the distance of the point from dl.
 e
⑱
did
desin
I
-
*
 dB
=in t

μo is the permeability in free space. The value of μo is 4πx10 ⁷

TM/A
-
Question
Write the mathematical expression for Biot-Savart law.

dB
=so

2020 Model
Question
The relation between rnagnetic field and cument is given by
Biot-Savart's Law.
Give one difference between Biot-Savarl's Law and Coulomb's
law in electrostatic

2018 Christmas
 Biot-Savart law Coulomb’s law
Biot-Savart law for the magnetic field Coulomb’s law for the electrostatic field

magnetic field is linear in the source I dl Electric field is linear to electric charge.
The magnetic field is produced by a The electric field is produced by a
vector source I dl. scalar source q
The magnetic field is perpendicular to The electrostatic field is along the
the plane containing the displacement displacement vector joining the source
vector r and the current element I dl. and the field point.

angle dependence Doesn’t depend angle

Question
Which law help us to find the magnetic field on the
axis of a circular current loop?

Biot savait law

2022 March
Question
Derive an equation for the magnetic field due to a
circular loop carrying current, at any point on the
axis using Biot-Savart's law.
Say 2024
March 2024
Say 2023
March 2023
March 2021
Model 2021
Model 2020
Model 2018
MAGNETIC FIELD ON THE AXIS OF A CIRCULAR CURRENT LOOP

dB dBz
=
=
,

Cost
z dis ,
dBI
MF
produced by A

B Sind ,
one element , as
parasing
&
Y
O L
Ce
↑ N
dB = &B Sind
,

discusdB
a
z

total MF,
= r (a a
·

Il Sinc
B =
JaB Sind
,
= +
B =

J
B =ta gla

2
 B
=a t
of turns
N number
Here are
If

B
=
Nk
 B
↑

↑
" O

Y
Question
Draw a graph showing the variation of intensity of
magnetic field with the distance from the axis of a
current carrying conductor

March 2020
 Ba

X &
x=0
2

-----
in
Question
What is the value of magnetic field at the centre of a
circular coil having N turns carrying current ?
at centre H= 0

B
=Na, Say 2022
B
= Model 2022
Model 2018
Question
The wire shown in figure carries a current of 20A, Find the
field at the point P. uTTX <20
[ B =

o
=

XB u2x2x152
B = P218 T
3 = -

=x
=
B
U 20 A

z
L M
B =
Question
Consider a tightly wound 100 turn coil of radius 10 cm
carrying a current of 1 A. What is the magnitude of the
magnetic field at the centre of the coil ?

B=I

2a
-50

= 2023 Say
= 201 x 105 = 2022 March
Question
State Ampere's circuital law.

Model 2024
Model 2021
March 2020
Ampere’s circuital theorem
Ampere’s circuital law states that “the line integral of
magnetic field over a closed path is equal to μ₀ times the
total current enclosed by the path”

g B. de =
1 Ie
I
Question
A famous law in physics expressed mathematically as

Write the name of the Law

Model 2019
Question
Using Ampere's circuital theorem, find out the magnetic
field at a point due to an infinite long straight conductor.

2025 Model
2024 Model
Application of ampere’s circuital theorem

Magnetic field produced by a straight conductor

Magnetic field produced by solenoid

Magnetic field produced by a straight conductor

Consider a straight current carrying conductor, I is the current

passing through the conductor. We have to find the magnetic field
at point P which is r distance from the conductor. Consider a
circular amperian loop passing through the point P.

S B de. = 1 Fe

B8 de = 1% Fe Ed
I I
BaTV = 14 Ie
B
=
Question
a) Write the expression for magnetic field at a point due to a
straight conductor carrying current.
b) A straight conductor carrying a current of 20A. Find the
magnetic field at point 5 cm from it.

9)
B = 5
B =
8X157

③ B
= 2018 Christmas
Question
What is a solenoid ?

March 2022
Question
Find the magnetic field along the axis of a solenoid, at its
centre, carrying current

2021 March
2021 Model
2019 Model
 Magnetic field produced by a solenoid
Consider a solenoid of length l. N is the total number of turns.
I is the current passing through one turn. n is the number of
turns per unit length
"B ,
gBdl = Cute
I
A B
l
B2B
a

BSd + 0 + 0 + 0 = NNI

Be =%NI

BA = 14 &I
B = NI
 C

ma
EXP
it
Question
A solenoid of length of 0.5 m has radius 1 cm and is made
up 500 turns. It carries a current of 5 A. What is the
magnitude of the magnetic field inside the solenoid ?

B = nI =
lot
=
Un
= 2πX137
Model 2021
-
Question
Write down the equation for magnetic field inside a
solenoid.

B = 74nI

2022 March
 FORCE ACTING ON A STRAIGHT CONDUCTOR PLACED IN AN
EXTERNAL MAGNETIC FIELD

Consider a conductor of length l, I is the current passing through

the conductor it is placed in an external magnetic field B.

F = IlBSin O

E = I(EX)
Question
What is the magnetic force per unit length of a wire carrying
a current of 8A and making an angle of 30⁰ with the direction
of a uniform m.f of 0.15 T?

EIBsing
8X0 15 Sinso
.

M
= 0
m
2017 Christmas
Question
Figure shows the two current carrying conductors. Derive
the expression for force between the conductors.

March 2024
Force between two parallel current carrying conductors

Consider two straight parallel conductors of lengths l₁, l₂ and carrying

currents I₁ and I₂ placed at a separation a

F2 Il
=
B Sino ,
[

0= 900
I,
↑Fa

Ba
=I
Fiz = l
, FE

, se
Fin
= al

=
Question
Define SI unit of current in terms of force between two
current carrying conductors.

Say 2023
 # E
a =

El = E2
Im
= IA
I E = 2x18 N/m

“1 Ampere is that current which when flows in two parallel

infinite wires kept at 1 𝑚 apart in air or vacuum, produces a
force of attraction per unit length between them
of .”
Question
“Parallel currents attract and antiparallel currents repel”
State whether this statement is true of false.

True

Say 2023
Nature of force

If the currents are in the same direction, the force

is attractive
If the currents are in the opposite directions, the
force is repulsive

& G
u ros
Question
Derive the expression for the torque on a rectangular current
loop in a uniform magnetic field with the help of a diagram.

March 2023
Say 2022
March 2020
Expression for torque on the rectangular current loop
in a magnetic field
 FAB = Il B O

I
Il B Q
Y M

FcD
PP
=

A 14
D

#S
J Fx -i

N
= >
-

= IlBX b >
-

>
-

I I AB
>

=
-

e B b C
If There are N
number
T =
NIAB 13
We next consider the case when the plane of the loop, is not
along the magnetic field, but makes an angle with it. We take
the angle between the field and the normal to the coil to be
angle θ.

J = NIABSin O

NIA = m

Hi
T = mBsino
 E =
mx

W
- 7

I= PXE

We can say that NIA is magnetic dipole moment ‘m’ it is a vector

quantity direction is same to the area vector
unit > Ama
Question
Current loop behaves as a ________.
(Magnetic dipole/Electric dipole)
-

March 2023
Question
A 100 turn closely wound circular coil of radius 10 cm carries
a current of 3.2 A. What is the magnetic moment of this coil ?

M
=NFA NIN1023
-Am
=

March 2023
-
Question
A rectangular loop carrying a steady current I is placed in a
uniform magnetic field of intensity ‘B’. If ‘A’ is the area of
cross-section of the loop. What is the net force experienced on
the loop ?

Zero

Say 2022
Question
Explain the theory and working of a moving coil galvanometer.

2025 Model
2017 Say
 Moving Coil Galvanometer
Moving coil galvanometer is used to detect the presence of small
electric current and to give its direction.

With simple modifications, it can be used to measure current and voltage

Use:-
Used to detect the presence of current

WORKING PRINCIPLE:-
When a rectangular current carrying coil placed in an external
magnetic field , it experience a torque.

CONSTRUCTION:-
It consist of two horse shoe magnet, rectangular coil, iron core
and a spiral spring.
Tm= NIAB
20
CO
T =

I = CO
NIAB = CO

M A
Question
A moving coil galvanometer is used as a current
detector in a circuit. What is the working principle of
a moving coil galvanometer ?

2022 Model
Question
Detine current sensitivity.

2025 Model
2024 Model
Current sensitivity of galvanometer

-
Question
Galvanometer is used as a current detector. What is
voltage sensitivity of a Galvanometer ?

2019 Christmas
Voltage sensitivity of a galvanometer

=
Question
Increasing the current sensitivity may not necessarily
increase the voltage sensitivity of a galvanometer. Justify.

2020 March
 N4 = 14 ) R
= Const
=
=

“Increasing the no. of turns (N) will not increase the

voltage sensitivity because as no of turns increases
resistance also increases then N/R will be a constant.”
Question
How do you convert a galvanometer into an ammeter? Explain.

2022 Model
2021 March
2022 Christmas
Galvanometer into an ammeter
We can convert a galvanometer in to ammeter by connecting a
small resistance called shunt resistance parallel to galvanometer

Egg (-IgS
=

S
=9
Question
The resistance of an ideal ammeter is _____.
zero

2022 Say
Question
In the cireuit given below, what is the value of the current
of the ammeter shown is having a resistance of 60 Ω?

I
=
·
=TA 2024 Model
Question
To convert a galvanometer into ammeter, you have to connect a
(a) low resistance in series
(b) high resistance in series
(c) low resistance in parallel
-
(d) high resistance in parallel

2020 Model
Question
A galvanometer with acoil of resistance 12Ω shows a full
scale deflection for a current of 2.5 mA. How can it be
converted into an ammeter of range 7.5A?

Egg

I
G = 12-
S= XI-19
Eg = 2 5x10 A
.
I-Ig S

A XX 12
I = 1 5 .

=
7 5-25x10]
2018 Model
.

--
=

=
Question
How will you convert a galvanometer into voltmeter.

2025 Model
2024 Model
2023 Model
2022 Model
Galvano meter into voltmeter

We can convert a galvanometer in to voltmeter by

connecting a high resistance series to galvanometer

Ig

V= Eg (a+ R)

R
=
Question
A galvanometer with a coil resistance 12Ω shows full scale
deflection for a current of 3 mA. How will you convert the
galvanometer into voltmeter of range 0 − 18 V?

G = 12- o L
3X13A

I
Eg =
6000-12
V = 18V
D =-
R25988-
=

63-12
2023 Model
Electromagnetic Waves
Chapter 8

2025 Model - 3 Mark

Question
What you mean by displacement current?

2025 Model
Displacement current
The current produced due to time varying electric
field and as a result of this displacement current a
magnetic field is produced.

Id =
EodE -
Id =

A
Question
Electromagnetic wave propagating along a direction is shown
below.
a) Write the expression for electric and magnetic field vectors

b) What is the unit of wave number

The vector can be represented as

En = Eo Sin
(3-cot) i

o
B = Bo Sin (KE-at)

k
= w
= or 22

radim on
Question
Write any 3 properties of EM waves

2021 model
Properties of EM waves ✔

Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves which

propagate in a direction perpendicular to both electric
and magnetic field vector
✔

Electromagnetic waves require no medium for its

propagation. In vacuum electromagnetic wave moves with a
velocity of 3x10⁸m/s.
 ✔

Velocity of electromagnetic wave in vacuum is given by

↓
C =
= 3xiom/s .

Jto20

μ0 is permeability of free space and ε0 is the permittivity

of free space ✔

Velocity of EM waves decreases as they move through any

material medium.

Tau u
V=
 The ratio of magnitude of electric and magnetic field
vectors in free space gives velocity of wave
Wip
= ✔

Electromagnetic waves show reflection, refraction,

interference, diffraction and polarisation. ✔

The electric field vector is responsible for the optical effects

of EM waves. So electric field vector is called light vector.
✔

The energy of EM waves is equally divided between

electric and magnetic fields.
 ✔

Energy density of electric field is 1/2 ε0 E2 and energy

density of magnetic field is 1/2 B2/μ0

TED = 20+
✔

Electromagnetic wave carry momentum. since they have

momentum, electromagnetic wave can exert pressure and
this pressure is termed as radiation pressure.
 ✔

When electromagnetic wave strike on a surface, if U is the

total energy transferred to the surface in a time t, total
momentum delivered to the surface is

P =
G
Question
Which electromagnetic wave is used for the following purposes?
a) In cellular phone => Radio wave
b) In remote switch. => ER

2025 Model
Question
Structure of solids is investigated by using

a) Cosmic rays
b) infrared radiations
c) X- rays -
d) γ rays
Question
Pick out the odd one from the following

a) X- rays
b) Visible light
c) Matter waves
~
d) Radio waves
Question
Velocity of EM wave in free space is
f
a) 3x10 m/s
-

z
b) 2x10 m/s
-

c)
8
3x10 m/s -
d) 2x10 m/s
8
 Question
Name the electromagnetic wave which is used for the
following purpose

a) Is used to detect fracture in bones X Pay

b) Is absorbed by ozone layer of our atmosphere ou
c) Is produced in nuclear reactions V rass

d) Mobile phone communication Radio ware

e) Remote control of TV sets IR

f) For sterilising surgical instruments Vraus

Question
Name the physical quantity which can be obtained by the
ratio of amplitude of electric field to the magnetic field.

&
=
2023 model
Question
For electromagnetic wave propagating along x - axis,
E0 = 30 V/m. What is the amplitude of the magnetic
field?
Bo = E
10
=I
=
2018 model
Question
Earth atmosphere is richest with
a) Ultraviolet
b) Infrared -
c) X-ray
d) Microwave
Question
Write any 2 use of radio waves

T phone
monide

2021 model
Question
↑
-
Which of the following has minimum wavelength ?

a) X- ray A
Lux
b) UV
~ o
c)
d)
γrays
IR rays
RMF
Question
The property of electromagnetic wave that remains
unchanged when it moves from one medium to another

frequency
Question
Which electromagnetic wave is termed as heat waves
Question
Why infrared waves are called heat waves

2024 model
they raise the temperature of the object on
which they fall.
Question
Welders wear special goggles or face masks with glass
windows to protect their eyes from electromagnetic
radiation. Name the radiation.

Q
Question
E and B represent the electric and the magnetic field of
an electron magnetic wave, respectively. The direction of
propagation of the wave is along

a) B
>
-

b) E
>
-

c) ExB
- -
-
d) BxE
>
-
Question
An electromagnetic wave is produced by a charge
(a) moving with a constant velocity
(b) moving with a constant speed parallel to a magnetic field
(c) moving with an acceleration -
(d) at rest
Question
Infrared spectrum lies between

emILUXa
(a) Radio and microwave
(b) Visible and UV
(c) Microwave and visible
-
(d) UV and X rays

2021 model
Electromagnetic spectrum
Question
The ratio of magnitude of electric field and magnetic
field of a plane electromagnetic wave is

a) 1

=
b) 1/c
c) c
d) 1/c²
Question
The electromagnetic waves used in radar systems are
a) Ultraviolet
b) Infrared
c) X-ray
d) Microwave
-
Question
A stationary charge can produce electromagnetic
wave. State true or false

False

2022 model
Question
Match the following

*
2023 model
Question
Match the following

*
2020 model