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PDF 04032025 131217

The document covers various topics in physics, including Bio-Savart's law, magnetic fields from current-carrying conductors, Gauss's law, Kirchhoff's rules, and the principles of transformers and rectifiers. It also discusses the concepts of self-induction, mutual induction, and the behavior of electric fields due to charged objects. Additionally, it includes equations related to lenses, mirrors, and the photoelectric effect.

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8 views21 pages

PDF 04032025 131217

The document covers various topics in physics, including Bio-Savart's law, magnetic fields from current-carrying conductors, Gauss's law, Kirchhoff's rules, and the principles of transformers and rectifiers. It also discusses the concepts of self-induction, mutual induction, and the behavior of electric fields due to charged objects. Additionally, it includes equations related to lenses, mirrors, and the photoelectric effect.

Uploaded by

amalshervin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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(1)Bio-swart's law r v Pe e = dB ldl I x The magnetic field at a point due toa small element of a current carrying conductor is directly proportional to the current (I) ,the length of the element dl, sine of the angle between r and dl and inversely proportional to the square of the distance r. _ Ho I dl sin@ dB = os (2) Magnetic field due toa circular Loop carrying current dl. dB pro = Ho Idlsin90 ap = Hs ie 4n r Hy Idl dB =“ iat 4x r Total field B=f dBcos@ r? =x? + R* _R_ R cos8 === Gare re ee R 4n x24+R?2 (x?4+R?)1/2 _ __ Hol R? 2(x2+R2)°/7 I Atthecentrex=0, B= ~ (3) re TS 's bridge R; _ Rz Rs; Rg R2 _ R4 Hygens pruiciple *Each point of the wavefront acts as a source secondary wavelets *Common tangent to all these secondary wavelets, gives the position of the wavefront at a later time. nz MW nm Wy ected ee AE =BC=vr AC = AC (common side) Triangles EAC and BAC are congruent. Therefore. i=r Angle of incidence=Angle of reflection This is the law of reflection. (6)Lens Makers Formula Eqns (1) + (2) —™ = @ —n)( 4-4 2 = (n, —m)( EE) ny Vv Dividing throughout by n, a ae . a 1)( R, Ra 1 1 1 sa M@- Dg ER) 1 u Z 1 1 poe es CCU ete a) di Vp = —Np* d V, = -N, vy _ My ee If the transformer is 100% efficient Power input= power output IpVe=IsVs lp_ VY e-3———@ From eq(1) and (2) Ip ae I, V N Two types of transformer N, > Np “i = Ny>Np ° > Vp ® i,= ES= = o x4arrR? £o Ex 4nr? = oR? f&or2 (ii) Field on the surface of the shell o to (iii)Field inside the shell E=0 [2M kirchhoft’s junction rule or current law. At any junction, the sum of the currents entering the junction is equal to the sum of currents leaving the junction. yI=0 [DY Kirchhoff’ loop rule or voltage law. The algebraic sum of changes in potential around any closed loop is zero. » AV = 0 fl) 29 of 55 Rectifier? mane aiccuner is an electronic device that converts an alternating current into a direct current by using one or more P-N junction diodes The principle of a rectifier is to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) using diodes. This process is called rectification. Half wave rectifier i} «* During positive half cycle diode conducts. * During negative half cycle diode does not conduct. * Out put only during positive half cycle. (27) Ac generator working ine ‘ Altemah ou - corneal Cat ban brushes od = BAcos wt e=—-n%& E —N = BA cos wt € = NBAw sinw t —E=€9 sinwt where €g =NBAw AC generator works on the principle of electromagnetic induction, which states that an electric current is induced in a conductor when it moves relative to a magnetic field. Self induction The phenomenon of production of induced emf in an isolated coil by varying current through the same coil is called self-induction. mal m@=LI L = self-inductance Unit of inductance-Henry(H) f@5ymutual induction The phenomenon of production of induced emf inacoil by varying the current through a neighbouring coil is called mutual-induction. dal [ld = MI M = mutual-inductance Unit of inductance-Henry(H) (34 Self inductance of a long solenoid ~=NBA p=nl(upnI)A & = Uo n? All ------------ (1) But, @=LI ----------------- (2) LI = po n>? All L= uy n? Al ED Effective capacitance when capacitors are connected in series. Cy c Vi V2 Vv V = Vi + V2 Q Q cc G 7 c 1 1 1 C Cy C Ey Effective capacitance when capacitors are connected in parallel Cy Qi 28.Derive the expression for torque acting on a dipole placed in a uniform external field, at an angle @ with it. i. Torque, t= one of the forces x perpendicular distance between them. t= qEx 2asin0 t=pE sin@ Z=PxE 30.State Gauss’s theorem. Gauss’s theorem states that the total electric flux through a closed surface is equal to = times the total charge enclosed by the surface. 0 p=fE-ds=+ Eo 8.Define drift velocity The average velocity attained by electrons in a conductor due to an electric field is called Drift velocity. Va=- a1 9.Obtain the expression for drift velocity of an electron in an external electric field Force, F = qE = —eE Acceleration , ae m m If t is the relaxation time, Drift velocity, vg=atT Vq = eee 10.0btain the relation connecting drift velocity and current Ax = vy At P=, Distance travelled by an electron in time At= vg At Volume of conductor =A vg At Let n be the number of electrons per unit volume of conductor The number of electrons in the conductor= nA vg At Total charge of electrons in the conductor, q=neA vg At Current | = + At l= neA vq At ~ At I=neA vy 4,What is motional emf? When a conducting rod is moved through a constant magnetic field, an emf is developed between the ends of the rod. This emf is known as Motional Emf. €=Blv 5.Derive the expression for Motional Electromotive Force The magnetic flux, = Blx a ~ at ~ dt (Blx) x e=—Bl= -dx, v= = is the speed of the conductor e=Blv '- Sayyid Pom Plus two phy questions 2025 v 31.Give proof for Gauss’s theorem Consider a sphere of radius r enclosing a point charge q. the electric flux through the surface dS BE gb=fE-ds kos gb =fEdScosO= fEdS=Ef dS a wes co ] °- he we x mer? s be _— p= 32.Derive the equation for electirc field due to a uniformly charged infinitely long wire Dee ee ee eeeeeeeed 33.Derive the equation for electric field due to a uniformly charged infinit plane sheet [2Byettective focal length when two thin lenses are kept in contact eo (2) Eqn (1) +(2) ee ee vu i) If the two lenses are replaced by a single lens of focal length f, 1 ono SO ences (4) Vv u From eqn (3) and (4) = ai * 1 2 14,0btain the expression for current when an ac voltage applied to a series LCR circuit using phasor diagram R go | | L di dt Vm Sinwt = iR+L a Phasor-diagram solution From phasor diagram, current leads the voltage by an angle i = i, sin(wt + @) To find the value of in, Vi = VR? + (Ve — vi)? Via = CimR)? + CimXe — imX1)? Vad = ing [(R)? + (Xe — XL)? Vii im = WR)KeH XL)" in = m (R)2+(Xe—X)2 . — Ym = = Z where Z=,/(R)* + (X- — X,)? is called impedance 15.Write the expression for Impedance of a series LCR circuit Z= ¥(R)? + (Xe - X,)? or Z= |cry? +(=- wl) 4.Obtain the mirror equation A The two right-angled triangles A'B’F and MPF are similar Bla’ _ BF PM FP BA! oBR ; = a t(D) (since PM = AB) The right angled triangles A’B’P and ABP are also similar. bla’ _ Bip BAT Bp C2) From eqns(1) and (2) Br _ BP FP BP B’P=v, BP=u, B’F=v-f, FP=f, vers © fou Applying sign convention, Sva-8 sv - =u Vv Vv ro a Dividing by v Ded eet fovoou 1_1 u'v ff This relation is known as the mirror equation. D=(n-1)A 24.Draw a ray diagram showing the image formation at near point for a simple microscope. Eye fe sed on near point The image is erect, magnified and virtual . 25,Write the expression for magnifying power(linear magnification) of a simple microscope. m=1 + ; (when image is at near point D) D m= t (when image is at infinity) 26.Derive the expression for linear magnification simple microscope . v m=1-+ (when image is at near point v=-D ) m= 7 (when image is at infinity) 27.A thin convex lens of focal length 5cm is used as a simple microscope by a person with normal near point(25cm).What is the magnifying power of this microscope? m=1+2 =1+2=6 28.Draw the ray diagram showing the image formationby a compound microscope. A aout kK | \ fh | Eyepiece ig 27 a S Objective A yy ~—_————— D + AY The image is real, inverted and magnified. 12.Effect of Intensity of incident radiation on stopping potential Photocurrent—+ Stopping pot Vo oO +— Retarding potential Collector plate —+ potential For a given frequency of incident radiation, the stopping potential is independent of intensity of radiation. 13.Effect of frequency of incident radiation on stopping potential Photoelectric current g> 9?" Saturation current “Mis “Moz -M— «Os Collector plate potential + +— Retarding potential The stopping potential increases with increase in frequency of incident radiation. 14.Draw the graphical variation of stopping potential V) and frequency v. What is the slope and y- intercpt of this graph? From graph,slope = * = The y- intercept = * e

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