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MAC301 INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION

The document outlines the course structure for CMS 301: International Communication at Usmanu Danfodiyo University, detailing the modules, topics, and references for the first semester of the 2024/2025 academic session. It emphasizes the significance of international communication in fostering relationships and understanding between nations, cultures, and societies. Additionally, it traces the historical development of communication technologies and their impact on global interactions.

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53 views15 pages

MAC301 INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION

The document outlines the course structure for CMS 301: International Communication at Usmanu Danfodiyo University, detailing the modules, topics, and references for the first semester of the 2024/2025 academic session. It emphasizes the significance of international communication in fostering relationships and understanding between nations, cultures, and societies. Additionally, it traces the historical development of communication technologies and their impact on global interactions.

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USMANU DANFODYO UNIVERSITY. sokoTO FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF MASS COMMUNICATION UNDERGRADUATE: 3 COURSE MODULES FOR FIRST SEMESTER! 20242025 SESSION Course Code; CMS 301 Course Title: Intemational Communication Number of Units: 2 Units Course Duration: Two Hours Per Week Course Facilitator: Prof. Salisu Yakasai / Mr. Sanusi Shehu Course Guide UNIT = Coneepiions of Intemational communication | WEEKS: ] [ne Structure of International communication | 2 [Scope of International communication 3 (Charactezistios/ Peculiarities of intemational communication MODULE 2: Explanation on World Media/ Press Systems | 1 International Information Flow A | Bi __| Word Communication Orders (3 | Direction of Information Flow between Industrialised and Third World Countries “ 4 Factors affecting international flow 0 ‘among nations le [MODULE 3: Definition of Globalization ea 1 {Globalization and Communication. I 2 Overview of ICT ad 1a Bi TCT and communication development = 4 News/Social Media Platforms _ be : 2 6 |i ie | MODUL - of Cultural Imperialism 1 imperialism and dependency technological determinism | Theories td jl MODULE 5: International news agencies and media \ pete if in the earlier time when man was trying to understand himse relation to his environment, The development of IC is gradual and systematic. As man is trying to relate with his environment and he is looking for means to achieve this, IC develops. ‘ ¢ This shows that the existence of man largely depends on his. degree of relationship with others. It is imperative for man to relate with both immediate and distance environments. The imperative requires man to develop the means to achieve and enhance the relationship. Aina (2003) agrees that, man needs communication for his own survival in his environment that habitation with others. In short, the natural and Iyement of the language facility has enable him ¢ of time. Therefore the e in stages and the stages requir artificial ev achieve these needs since the beginni processes in the development of IC are: e Oral Communication: Man started communication through gestures. He learns gradually ways to put in use a result of interactions with others. In other words, man’s natural endowment with vocal and gestural abilities has aided his ability fo communicate both yerbally and non-verbally. Having been equipped physiologically, man’s quest for interpersonal communication ne conyenient. During that period, oral ion limited the interactions among the people to interpersonal communication within the neighbourhood setting This was caused by the interpretation and understanding of the language use, which did not go beyond the tribe or the nation as the case might be. . Development of writing and printing: The first form of written communication was the inscription used by rulers, communic 8 es ion. Writing including the Greek polis for public ee orem became more flexible and efficient ite Rome, Persia, A in places Ii 7 information over long distances in places roduction of paper India and China, The C18th witnessed the IneoducLin from China as a medium of the communica the Islamic replace the parchment form of communication In We a Pa tient ee The first printing pre world and spread to medieval Europe. pig ae Was opened in Goa in 1857, and in the CJ.6th the printing P turned out thousands of copies of books in all major lane eee The new languages especially Portuguese, Spanish, English ou French, become the main vehicle of communication for the European colonial power in many parts of the world. ¢ Growth of Telegraph and Telephone: In the C19th the invention of new communication technology to bridge the communication gap as a result distance factor between the senders and receivers, was of paramount importance to the scientists. Their continuous research and persistent work brought the invention of the locomotive, the gramophone and magnetic recording, the telegraph and telephone in the century. ¢ The development of the technical means of broadcasting came around as result of the drive throughout the C19th to solve the problem arising from the industrial revolution. The traditional techniques of communication were insufficient. In the early C19th, networks of telegraph wires and wooden poles were: spread across Europe, America and India. Telephone comes into being with more wire and more poles. As wired telegraph gained popularity, the inventors and scientists were now concerned with inventing the wire-less telegraph and telephony. © The Birth of Radio: As with other new technologies, western countries were the first to grasp the strategic implication of radio communication after the radio transmission of the human voice in 1902. Unlike eable, radio equipment was comparatively cheap and could be sold on a mass scale. There was also growing awareness among American businesses that radio, if properly developed and controlled, might be used to undercut the huge advantages of British dominated international cable links, they realized unlike was cae et the years, contributed (o the evolution of te dawn of television history, there were two di _ Of tecl hnology experimented with by researchers. Ear attempted {0 either build a mech: sys n the technology of Paul Nipkow’s rotating disks: attempted. to build an electronic TV system using a catl h lube, developed independently in 1907 by English i Campbell-Swinton and Russian scientist Boris Electronic TY systems worked better and eventually mechanical system. Generally, the global history of TV that this mass medium came into existence in 1920s, all its beginnings were discernible in the C19th. The New Media: The last part of the C20th saw the emer of computer and internet. The new media of commun does not only make information more accessible but also the rigidity and cumbersome mo f the primarily me as TY and Radio. The use of digital computers brought al digital TV and online publications. Even traditional media fo such as the printing press have been transformed through application of technologies such as image manipulation so! like Adobe Photoshop and desktop blishing tools, Today, no one has the monopoly of information. The con and internet gave are the foundation of other form of n particularly social media, which bond people together t and cut away totally the communication barriers | people. Some of the social media are: (a) Facebook b) (c) YouTube (d) DailyMotion (e) Second Life (DW ) 2go (h) Yahoo Messenger. In short, the process iny invention of one communication media, | a nent communication. * According to Fortner (1993), there are various characteris international communication, that provide important dime to consider when assessing particular activities: Intentionality: International communication can be intentional or unintentional. It is intentional when it purposely directed to the receiver(s) across inte! borders. The message of international broade: directed to target audiences in countries other than whet such broadcast station operate is intentional. The mess of Voice of Nigeria (VON) to other countries is intenti international communication. It is unintentional i message is not purposely design or send to ce audiences in foreign countries. The message may spill © as a result of signal bound. Channels: Every message is through a particular cha As in other form of communication, the channel could public or private. Fortner (1993) agrees that internat communication and public information are transmitted the public channels. Such information can also disseminated on the private channels. Internatic communication between Nigeria and other countries most Often be disseminated on international such as of Nigeria. It does not mean that private chan earty such information. () Distribution Technology: The distribution technology of Mternational communication is not much different from other form of communication. What makes the difference is that international distribution technology has the power to cut across intemational boundaries. For example, the capacity of Ray Power Radio to transmit is limited to Nigeria. The Radio station cannot be listened to in Ghana, Gambia and not even in the neighbouring country Benin Republic. The distribution technology of international communication such as Radio, Television etc. are similar to that of other form of communication but have more distribution power. (4) Content: The content of international communication like other form of communication can also be public affairs, entertainment, sports, news programmes etc. but it is international in its outlook. Chosen sports for example, the report would not be on the local league being played in Badagry area of Lagos state in Nigeria. International audiences are not interested in such report since it doesn’t benefit them in any way. (e) Cultural Dominance: The content of international communication always reflects the dominant culture of the world power. The dominant culture is seen as the standard culture by the international media. This most often proves why the international communication looks down on sub- culture and promote the dominant culture With regard to activities, international communication transcends dissemination of foreign news in the local or national media. International communication activities arise from international interaction, cultural sharing; interdependency of people of different regions, states or vernments; and association based on international unions, organizations or forums. The international activities that generate international communication could arise from: International trade, such as export-import trade and international services rendered 12 irst world war and Seco nd w ealth issues, such demi as ae Malar, , HIV/AIDS, Education Pe such | and d Workshops, Ie lectures, Die logue. : US. activiti - Religi yn convent ions: Social interactions such as: Tourism, ce Games and sport activities such as: ~ games, European league and CAF Champions | {International communication has some traits that from other form of communication. Without having in a form of communication, such form of peas to ed a if it cut across nations bo coded with an international language and the content international interest.

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