Visit https://testbankbell.

com to download the full version and

explore more testbank or solutions manual

Solution Manual for Database Concepts, 6/E 6th

Edition : 0132742926

_____ Click the link below to download _____

http://testbankbell.com/product/solution-manual-for-
database-concepts-6-e-6th-edition-0132742926/

Explore and download more testbank or solutions manual at testbankbell.com

Here are some recommended products that we believe you will be
interested in. You can click the link to download.

Solution Manual for Fundamentals of Database Systems, 6/E

6th Edition : 0136086209

http://testbankbell.com/product/solution-manual-for-fundamentals-of-
database-systems-6-e-6th-edition-0136086209/

Solution Manual for Database Concepts 9th Edition Kroenke

http://testbankbell.com/product/solution-manual-for-database-
concepts-9th-edition-kroenke/

Test Bank for Database Concepts, 6th Edition: Kroenke

http://testbankbell.com/product/test-bank-for-database-concepts-6th-
edition-kroenke/

Test Bank for Sociology 13th Edition by Macionis

http://testbankbell.com/product/test-bank-for-sociology-13th-edition-
by-macionis/
Test Bank for Project Management: Achieving Competitive
Advantage 4th Edition Pinto

http://testbankbell.com/product/test-bank-for-project-management-
achieving-competitive-advantage-4th-edition-pinto/

Solution Manual for Earth: Portrait of a Planet (Sixth

Edition) Sixth Edition

http://testbankbell.com/product/solution-manual-for-earth-portrait-of-
a-planet-sixth-edition-sixth-edition/

Corporate Finance The Core 4th Edition Berk Test Bank

http://testbankbell.com/product/corporate-finance-the-core-4th-
edition-berk-test-bank/

C++ Programming From Problem Analysis to Program Design

8th Edition Malik Solutions Manual

http://testbankbell.com/product/c-programming-from-problem-analysis-
to-program-design-8th-edition-malik-solutions-manual/

Society The Basics Macionis 13th Edition Test Bank

http://testbankbell.com/product/society-the-basics-macionis-13th-
edition-test-bank/
Test Bank for Principles of Auditing and Other Assurance
Services, 17th Edition: Whittington

http://testbankbell.com/product/test-bank-for-principles-of-auditing-
and-other-assurance-services-17th-edition-whittington/
 Solution Manual for Database Concepts, 6/E
6th Edition : 0132742926
full chapter at:
https://testbankbell.com/product/solution-
manual-for-database-concepts-6-e-6th-edition-
0132742926/
Database Concepts
Sixth Edition
David M. Kroenke • David J. Auer

Instructor’s Manual
Prepared by David J. Auer

CHAPTER TWO
THE RELATIONAL MODEL

Page 1 of 35
Page 2 of 35
Instructor’s Manual to accompany:

Database Concepts (Sixth Edition)

David M. Kroenke and David J. Auer

© 2013, 2011, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Page 3 of 35
 Chapter Two – The Relational Model

 CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
Learn the conceptual foundation of the relational model
Understand how relations differ from nonrelational tables
Learn basic relational terminology
Learn the meaning and importance of keys, foreign keys, and related terminology
Understand how foreign keys represent relationships
Learn the purpose and use of surrogate keys
Learn the meaning of functional dependencies
Learn to apply a process for normalizing relations

 CHAPTER ERRATA
There are no known errors at this time. Any errors that are discovered in the future will
be reported and corrected in the Online DBC e06 Errata document, which will be
available at http://www.pearsonhighered.com/kroenke.

 THE ACCESS WORKBENCH

Solutions to the Access Workbench exercises may be found in Solutions to all Sections:
The Access Workbench, which is a separate document within the Instructor’s Manual.

 TEACHING SUGGESTIONS
The Art Course database discussed in Chapter 1 is a good database to use for an in-
class demo of the concepts in this chapter. The DBMS screenshots in Chapter 2 use
that database as the example database. For example, see Figure 2-7, 2-8 and 2-9.
See the list, data and database files supplied, and use the following:
MS Access:

“Art Course List” in DBC-e05-Lists-And-Data.xlsx

DBC-e06-Art-Course-Database-CH01.accdb

SQL Server 2012 Express Edition:

DBC-e06-MSSQL-Art-Course-Database-Create-Tables.sql

DBC-e06-MSSQL-Art-Course-Database-Insert-Data.sql

NOTE: Create a database diagram for the database

Page 4 of 35
 Chapter Two – The Relational Model

Oracle Database 11g Release 2:

DBC-e06-ODB-Art-Course-Database-Create-Tables.sql

DBC-e06-ODB-Art-Course-Database-Insert-Data.sql

DBC-e06-ODB-Art-Course-Database-SQL-Queries-CH01.sql

MySQL 5.5:

DBC-e06-MySQL-Art-Course-Database-Create-Tables.sql

DBC-e06-MySQL-Art-Course-Database-Insert-Data.sql

The goal of this chapter is to present an overview of the major elements of the
relational model. This includes the definition of a relation, important terminology, the
use of surrogate keys, and basic design principles.
Students often misconstrue the statement that only a single element is allowed in a
cell to mean that the cells must be fixed in length. One can have a variable length
memo in a cell but that is considered, semantically, to be one thing. By the way,
there are a number of reasons for this restriction. Perhaps the easiest to explain is
that SQL has no means for addressing sub-elements in a cell.
When students execute SQL SELECTs, they may generate relations with duplicate
rows. Such results do not fit the definition of relations, but they are considered
relations nonetheless. This is a good example of “theory versus practice”.
You may want to emphasize that foreign keys and the primary key that they
reference need not have the same name. They must, however, have the same
underlying set of values (domain). This means that the values not just look the
same; it means that the values mean the same thing. A foreign key of CatName and
a foreign key of ValentineNickName might look the same, but they do not mean the
same thing. Using ValentineNickName as a foreign key to Name in the relation CAT
would result in some weird results.
Referential integrity constraints are important. You might ask the students to think of
an example when a foreign key does not have a referential integrity constraint
(answer: whenever a parent row is optional, say, STUDENTs need not have an
ADVISER).
We favor the use of surrogate keys. Unless there is a natural, numeric ID (like
PartNumber), we almost always add a surrogate key to our database designs.
Sometimes a surrogate key will be added even if there is a natural, numeric ID for
consistency. Surrogate keys can cause problems (primarily patching up foreign
keys) if the database imports data from other databases that either do not employ a
surrogate key or use a different one. In some cases, institutions have developed
policies for ensuring that surrogate keys are unique globally. It’s probably best for
the students to get into the habit of using them and consider not using them as an
exception. Professional opinions vary on this, however.

Page 5 of 35
 Chapter Two – The Relational Model

If you’re using Oracle Database, then you’ll need to teach the use of sequences to
implement surrogate keys. Sequences are an awkward solution to this problem,
however, and may be why surrogate keys are less used in the Oracle-world. Maybe
there will be a better solution to them from Oracle in the future.
The discussion of functional dependencies is critical—maybe the most important in
the book. If students can understand that all tables do is record “data points” of
functional dependencies, then normalization will be easier and seem more natural.
In physics, because there are formulae like F = ma, we need not store tables and
tables of data recording data points for force, mass, and acceleration. The formula
suffices for all data points. However, there is no formula for computing how much a
customer of, say, American Airlines, owes for his or her ticket from New York to
Houston. If we could say the cost of an airline ticket was $.05 per mile, then we
could compute the cost of a ticket, and tables of airline flight prices would be
unnecessary. But, we cannot; it all depends on … So, we store the data points for
functional dependencies in tables.
This chapter presents the design principle that every determinant should be a
candidate key. This is, of course, the definition of Boyce-Codd Normal Form. This
leaves out 4NF, 5NF, and domain/key normal form. At this level, we do not think
those omissions are critical. See the normalization discussion in Chapter 5 for more
on this topic.
If we use domain/key normal form as the ultimate, then, insofar as functional
dependencies are concerned, the domain/key definition that “every constraint is a
logical consequence of domains and keys,” comes down to Boyce-Codd Normal
Form. Therefore, we proceed on good theoretical ground with the discussion as
presented in this chapter.
Students should understand three ambiguities in a null value. This understanding
will help them comprehend the issues addressed by INNER and OUTER joins in the
next chapter.
Exercises 2.40 and 2.41 deal with multivalued dependencies and fourth normal form
(4NF). These are instructive as they show students how to deal with situations
where the value of one column in a table is associated with several values of another
attribute in (at least initially) the same table. This is an important concept, and after
BCNF it is the next important concept students need to understand about
normalization.

Page 6 of 35
 Chapter Two – The Relational Model

 ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS

2.1 Why is the relational model important?

It is the single most important standard in database processing and is used for the design and
implementation of almost every commercial database worldwide.

2.2 Define the term entity and give an example of an entity (other than the one from this
chapter).

Entity is the formal name for a “thing” that is being tracked in a database, and is defined as
something of importance to the user that needs to be represented in the database.

Example: TEXTBOOK

2.3 List the characteristics a table must have to be considered a relation.

Rows contain data about an entity.

Columns contain data about attributes of the entity
Cells of the table hold a single value.
All entries in a column are of the same kind.
Each column has a unique name.
The order of the columns is unimportant.
The order of the rows is unimportant.
2.4 Give an example of a relation (other than one from this chapter).

Example: TEXTBOOK (ISBN, Title, Publisher, Copyright)

2.5 Give an example of a table that is not a relation (other than one from this chapter).

Example: TEXTBOOK (ISBN, Title, Publisher, Copyright, Authors)

A table is not a relation when there are multiple author names in the Authors column.

2.6 Under what circumstances can an attribute of a relation be of variable length?

It can be of a variable length, if that attribute is considered to be a single thing like a memo or
other variable length data item.

2.7 Explain the use of the terms file, record, and field.

These terms are synonyms for table, row, and column. These terms, however, generally refer to
pre-relational bases.

Page 7 of 35
 Chapter Two – The Relational Model

2.8 Explain the use of the terms relation, tuple, and attribute.

These terms are synonyms for table, row, and column. These terms, however, are the ones
used in relational database theory.

2.9 Under what circumstances can a relation have duplicate rows?

When manipulating a relation with a DBMS we may end up with duplicate rows. Although in
theory we should eliminate the duplicates, in practice this is often not done.

2.10 Define the term unique key and give an example.

A unique key is a column whose values identify one and only one row.

Example: TEXTBOOK (ISBN, Title, Publisher, Copyright)

where ISBN is a unique identifier.

2.11 Define the term nonunique key and give an example.

A nonunique key not only identifies a row, but it potentially identifies more than one row.

EXAMPLE: TEXTBOOK (ISBN, Title, Publisher, Copyright)

Publisher is a nonunique identifier.

2.12 Give an example of a relation with a unique composite key.

EXAMPLE: APARTMENT (BuildingNumber, ApartmentNumber, NumberOfBedrooms, Rent)

where (BuildingNumber, ApartmentNumber) is a unique composite key.

2.13 Explain the difference between a primary key and a candidate key.

Both are unique identifiers. One is chosen to be the identifier for the relation and for foreign
keys based on the relation. The other could be chosen as well, but since it is not, it is called a
candidate.

2.14 Describe four uses of a primary key.

A primary key can be used

to identify a row.
to represent the row in foreign keys.
to organize storage for the relation.
as a basis for indexes and other structures to facilitate searching in storage.

Page 8 of 35
 Chapter Two – The Relational Model

2.15 What is a surrogate key, and under what circumstances would you use one?

A surrogate key is a unique, numeric identifier that is appended to a relation to serve as the
primary key.

2.16 How do surrogate keys obtain their values?

They are supplied automatically by the DBMS.

2.17 Why are the values of surrogate keys normally hidden from users on forms, queries, and
reports?

Surrogate keys are normally hidden because they usually have no meaning to the users.

2.18 Explain the term foreign key and give an example.

A foreign key creates the relationship between the tables; its key value corresponds to a primary
key in a relation other than the one where the key is a primary key.

EXAMPLE: TEXTBOOK (ISBN, Title, Publisher, Copyright)

PUBLISHER (PublisherName, Street, City, State, Zip)
Publisher in TEXTBOOK is a foreign key that references PublisherName in PUBLISHER.

2.19 Explain how primary keys and foreign keys are denoted in this book.

Primary keys are underlined and foreign keys are in italics.

2.20 Define the term referential integrity constraint and give an example of one.

Referential integrity constraint is a rule specifying that every value of a foreign key matches a
value of the primary key.

Example: Publisher in TEXTBOOK must exist in PublisherName in PUBLISHER.

2.21 Explain three possible interpretations of a null value.

Three possible interpretations are:

Value not appropriate

Value known to be blank
Value appropriate and unknown

Page 9 of 35
 Chapter Two – The Relational Model

2.22 Give an example of a null value (other than one from this chapter), and explain each of
the three possible interpretations for that value.
An example of null value would be: Null value for the attribute DeceasedDate in the table
SUBSCRIBER.
The subscriber may be a corporation and a value is inappropriate.
The subscriber may be alive, and the value is known to be blank.
The subscriber may be dead, but the date of death is unknown, and the value is
appropriate, but not none.

2.23 Define the terms functional dependency and determinant, using an example not from
this book.

A functional dependency is a logical relationship in which the value of one item in the
relationship can be determined by knowing the value of the other item.

EXAMPLE: ISBN → Title

This means that if the ISBN (of a textbook) is known, then we will also know (can determine) the
title. The item on the left—the one whose value is known—is called the determinant.

2.24 In the following equation, name the functional dependency and identify the
determinant(s):

Area = Length Width

The functional dependency is:

(Length, Width) → Area

(Length, Width) is the determinant.

Note this is different than saying “Length and Width are the determinants”.

2.25 Explain the meaning of the following expression:

A → (B, C)

Given this expression, tell if it is also true that:

A→B

and

A→C

Page 10 of 35
 Chapter Two – The Relational Model

The functional dependency:

A → (B, C)

means that a value of A determines the value of both B and C.

Yes, it is true that

A → B and A → C

2.26 Explain the meaning of the following expression:

(D, E) → F
Given this expression, tell if it is also true that:
D→F
and
E→F
The functional dependency:
(D, E) → F
means that values of the pair (D, E) determine the value of F.
No, it is not true that
D → F and E → F

2.27 Explain the differences in your answers to questions 2.25 and 2.26.

A → (B, C) is just shorthand for A → B and A → C

However, (D, E) → F means that the composite, as a whole, identifies F.
For example:
EmployeeNumber → (FirstName, LastName)
This means that
EmployeeNumber → FirstName
and that
EmployeeNumber → LastName.
But:
(FirstName, LastName) → HireDate
does not mean that FirstName → HireDate (There could be lots of employees named “Bob”.)

Page 11 of 35
 Chapter Two – The Relational Model

2.28 Define the term primary key in terms of functional dependencies.

A primary key is one or more attributes that functionally determines all of the other attributes.

2.29 If you assume that a relation has no duplicate data, how do you know there is always at
least one primary key?

Because the collection of all the attributes in the relation can identify a unique row.

2.30 How does your answer to question 2.29 change if you allow a relation to have duplicate
data?
It doesn’t work—such tables do not have a primary key.
2.31 In your own words, describe the nature and purpose of the normalization process.

The purpose of the normalization process is to prevent update problems in the tables (relations)
in the database. The nature of the normalization process is that we break up relations as
necessary to ensure that every determinant is a candidate key.

2.32 Examine the data in the Veterinary Office List—Version One in Figure 1-30 (see page
52), and state assumptions about functional dependencies in that table. What is the
danger of making such conclusions on the basis of sample data?
PetName → (PetType, PetBreed, PetDOB, OwnerLastName, OwnerFirstName,
OwnerPhone, OwnerEmail)
OwnerEmail → (OwnerLastName, OwnerFirstName, OwnerPhone)
OwnerPhone → (OwnerLastName, OwnerFirstName, OwnerEmail)
The danger is that there may be possibilities not apparent from sample data. For example, two
owners might have pets with the same name.

2.33 Using the assumptions you stated in your answer to question 2.32, what are the
determinants of this relation? What attribute(s) can be the primary key of this relation?
Attributes that can be the primary key are called candidate keys.
Determinants: PetName, OwnerEmail, OwnerPhone
Candidate keys: PetName
2.34 Describe a modification problem that occurs when changing data in the relation in
question 2.32 and a second modification problem that occurs when deleting data in this
relation.

Changes to owner data may need to be made in several rows.

Deleting data for the last pet of an owner deletes owner data as well.

Page 12 of 35
 Chapter Two – The Relational Model

2.35 Examine the data in the Veterinary Office List—Version Two in Figure 1-31 (see page
52), and state assumptions about functional dependencies in that table.

PetName → (PetType, PetBreed, PetDOB, OwnerLastName, OwnerFirstName,

OwnerPhone, OwnerEmail)
OwnerEmail → (OwnerLastName, OwnerFirstName, OwnerPhone)
OwnerPhone → (OwnerLastName, OwnerFirstName, OwnerEmail)
(PetName, Date) → (Service, Charge)
The last functional dependency assumes a pet is seen at most on one day and that there is no
standard charge for a service.

2.36 Using the assumptions you stated in your answer to question 2.35, what are the
determinants of this relation? What attribute(s) can be the primary key of this relation?
Determinants: PetName, OwnerEmail, OwnerPhone, (PetName, Date)
Candidate keys: (PetName, Date)
2.37 Explain a modification problem that occurs when changing data in the relation in
question 2.35 and a second modification problem that occurs when deleting data in this
relation.
Same as 2.34:
Changes to owner data may need to be made in several rows.
Deleting data for the last pet of an owner deletes owner data as well.

 ANSWERS TO EXERCISES
2.38 Apply the normalization process to the Veterinary Office List—Version One relation
shown in Figure 1-30 (see page 52) to develop a set of normalized relations. Show the
results of each of the steps in the normalization process.

STEP ONE:
PET-AND-OWNER (PetName, PetType, PetBreed, PetDOB, OwnerLastName, OwnerFirstName,
OwnerPhone, OwnerEmail)

Functional Dependencies:
PetName → (PetType, PetBreed, PetDOB, OwnerLastName, OwnerFirstName,
OwnerPhone, OwnerEmail)
OwnerEmail → (OwnerLastName, OwnerFirstName, OwnerPhone)
OwnerPhone → (OwnerLastName, OwnerFirstName, OwnerEmail)
PET-AND-OWNER Candidate Keys: PetName

Page 13 of 35
 Chapter Two – The Relational Model

Is every determinant a candidate key?

NO—OwnerEmail and OwnerPhone are NOT candidate keys.

STEP TWO:
Break into two relations: OWNER and PET
OWNER (OwnerLastName, OwnerFirstName, OwnerPhone, OwnerEmail)
PET (PetName, PetType, PetBreed, PetDOB, {Foreign Key})
FOR OWNER:
Functional Dependencies:
OwnerEmail → (OwnerLastName, OwnerFirstName, OwnerPhone)
OwnerPhone → (OwnerLastName, OwnerFirstName, OwnerEmail)
OWNER Candidate Keys: OwnerPhone, OwnerEmail
Is every determinant a candidate key?
YES—OwnerEmail and OwnerPhone are candidate keys—Normalization complete!
We can choose either candidate key as primary key.
(A) IF WE USE OwnerPhone as primary key, THEN:
OWNER (OwnerPhone, OwnerLastName, OwnerFirstName, OwnerEmail)
PET (PetName, PetType, PetBreed, PetDOB, OwnerPhone)
Functional Dependencies:
PetName → (PetType, PetBreed, PetDOB, OwnerPhone)
PET Candidate Keys: PetName
Is every determinant a candidate key?
YES—PetName is a candidate key—Normalization complete!
FINAL NORMALIZED REALTIONS:

OWNER (OwnerPhone, OwnerLastName, OwnerFirstName, OwnerEmail)

PET (PetName, PetType, PetBreed, PetDOB, OwnerPhone)

(B) IF WE USE OwnerEmail as primary key, THEN:

OWNER (OwnerPhone, OwnerLastName, OwnerFirstName, OwnerEmail)
PET (PetName, PetType, PetBreed, PetDOB, OwnerEmail)
Functional Dependencies:
PetName → (PetType, PetBreed, PetDOB, OwnerEmail)
PET Candidate Keys: PetName

Page 14 of 35
 Chapter Two – The Relational Model

Is every determinant a candidate key?

YES—PetName is a candidate key—Normalization complete!
FINAL NORMALIZED REALTIONS:
OWNER (OwnerPhone, OwnerLastName, OwnerFirstName, OwnerEmail)
PET (PetName, PetType, PetBreed, PetDOB, OwnerEmail)
2.39 Apply the normalization process to the Veterinary Office List—Version Two relation
shown in Figure 1-31 (see page 52) to develop a set of normalized relations. Show the
results of each of the steps in the normalization process.

STEP ONE:
PET-AND-OWNER (PetName, PetType, PetBreed, PetDOB, OwnerLastName,
OwnerFirstName, OwnerPhone, OwnerEmail, Service, Date, Charge)

Functional Dependencies:

PetName → (PetType, PetBreed, PetDOB, OwnerLastName, OwnerFirstName,

OwnerPhone, OwnerEmail)
OwnerEmail → (OwnerLastName, OwnerFirstName, OwnerPhone)
OwnerPhone → (OwnerLastName, OwnerFirstName, OwnerEmail)
(PetName, Date) → (Service, Charge)
The last functional dependency assumes a pet is seen at most on one day and that there is no
standard charge for a service.
PET-AND-OWNER Candidate Keys: (PetName, Date)
Is every determinant a candidate key?
NO—PetName, OwnerEmail and OwnerPhone are NOT candidate keys.
STEP TWO:
Break into two relations: OWNER and PET-SERVICE
OWNER (OwnerLastName, OwnerFirstName, OwnerPhone, OwnerEmail)
PET-SERVICE (PetName, PetType, PetBreed, PetDOB, {Foreign Key}, Service, Date, Charge)
FOR OWNER:
Functional Dependencies:
OwnerEmail → (OwnerLastName, OwnerFirstName, OwnerPhone)
OwnerPhone → (OwnerLastName, OwnerFirstName, OwnerEmail)
OWNER Candidate Keys: OwnerPhone, OwnerEmail

Page 15 of 35
 Chapter Two – The Relational Model

Is every determinant a candidate key?

YES—OwnerEmail and OwnerPhone are candidate keys—Normalization complete!
We can choose either candidate key as primary key. We will use OwnerPhone.
If a student chooses OwnerEmail, the steps will be similar as shown in Exercise 2.37.
IF WE USE OwnerPhone as primary key, THEN:
OWNER (OwnerPhone, OwnerLastName, OwnerFirstName, OwnerEmail)
PET-SERVICE (PetName, PetType, PetBreed, PetDOB, OwnerPhone, Service, Date, Charge)
FOR PET-SERVICE:
Functional Dependencies:
PetName → (PetType, PetBreed, PetDOB, OwnerPhone)
(PetName, Date) → (Service, Charge)
The last functional dependency assumes a pet is seen at most on one day and that there is no
standard charge for a service.
PET-AND-SERVICE Candidate Keys: (PetName, Date)
Is every determinant a candidate key?
NO—PetName is NOT a candidate key.
STEP THREE:
Break PET-SERVICE into two relations: PET and SERVICE
OWNER (OwnerPhone, OwnerLastName, OwnerFirstName, OwnerEmail)
PET (PetName, PetType, PetBreed, PetDOB, OwnerPhone)
SERVICE (PetName, Date, Service, Charge)
PET Functional Dependencies:
PetName → (PetType, PetBreed, PetDOB, OwnerPhone)
PET Candidate Keys: PetName
Is every determinant a candidate key?
YES—PetName is a candidate key—Normalization complete!
SERVICE Functional Dependencies:
(PetName, Date) → (Service, Charge)
The functional dependency assumes a pet is seen at most on one day and that there is no
standard charge for a service.
SERVICE Candidate Keys: (PetName, Date)

Page 16 of 35
 Chapter Two – The Relational Model

Is every determinant a candidate key?

YES—(PetName, Date) is a candidate key—Normalization complete!
FINAL NORMALIZED REALTIONS:
OWNER (OwnerPhone, OwnerLastName, OwnerFirstName, OwnerEmail)
PET (PetName, PetType, PetBreed, PetDOB, OwnerPhone)
SERVICE (PetName, Date, Service, Charge)

2.40 Consider the following relation:

STUDENT (StudentNumber, StudentName, SiblingName, Major)

Assume that the values of SiblingName are the names of all of a given student’s
brothers and sisters; also assume that students have at most one major.

A. Show an example of this relation for two students, one of whom has three
siblings and the other of whom has only two siblings.

StudentNumber StudentName SiblingName Major

100 Mary Jones Victoria Accounting

100 Mary Jones Slim Accounting

100 Mary Jones Reginald Accounting

200 Fred Willows Rex Finance

200 Fred Willows Billy Finance

B. List the candidate keys in this relation.

STUDENT Candidate Keys: (StudentNumber, SiblingName)

This assumes that StudentName is not unique.

C. State the functional dependencies in this relation.

StudentNumber → (StudentName, Major)

(StudentNumber, SiblingName) → (StudentName, Major)

D. Explain why this relation does not meet the relational design criteria set out in
this chapter (i.e., why this is not a well-formed relation).

Some attributes are functionally dependent on a part of the composite primary key.

Page 17 of 35
 Chapter Two – The Relational Model

E. Divide this relation into a set of relations that meet the relational design criteria
(that is, that are well formed).

Break into two relations: STUDENT and STUDENT-SIBLING

STUDENT (StudentNumber, StudentName, Major)
STUDENT-SIBLING (StudentNumber, SiblingName)
FOR STUDENT-SIBLING:
Functional Dependencies:
(StudentNumber, SiblingName) → (StudentNumber)
(StudentNumber, SiblingName) → (SiblingName)
STUDENT-SIBLING Candidate Keys: (StudentNumber, SiblingName)
Is every determinant a candidate key?
YES—(StudentNum, SiblingName) is a candidate key—Normalization complete!
FOR STUDENT:
STUDENT (StudentNumber, StudentName, Major)
Functional Dependencies:
StudentNumber → (StudentName, Major)

STUDENT Candidate Keys: StudentNumber

Is every determinant a candidate key?

YES—StudentNumber is a candidate key—Normalization complete!
FINAL NORMALIZED REALTIONs:
STUDENT (StudentNumber, StudentName, Major)
STUDENT-SIBLING (StudentNumber, SiblingName)
2.41 Alter question 2.40 to allow students to have multiple majors. In this case, the relational
structure is:

STUDENT (StudentNumber, StudentName, SiblingName, Major)

A. Show an example of this relation for two students, one of whom has three
siblings and the other of whom has one sibling. Assume that each student has a
single major.

Page 18 of 35
 Chapter Two – The Relational Model

StudentNumber StudentName SiblingName Major

100 Mary Jones Victoria Accounting

100 Mary Jones Slim Accounting

100 Mary Jones Reginald Accounting

200 Fred Willows Rex Finance

B. Show the data changes necessary to add a second major for only the first
student.

StudentNumber StudentName SiblingName Major

100 Mary Jones Victoria Accounting

100 Mary Jones Slim Accounting

100 Mary Jones Reginald Accounting

200 Fred Willows Rex Finance

100 Mary Jones Victoria InfoSystems

100 Mary Jones Slim InfoSystems

100 Mary Jones Reginald InfoSystems

C. Based on your answer to part B, show the data changes necessary to add a
second major for the second student.

StudentNumber StudentName SiblingName Major

100 Mary Jones Victoria Accounting

100 Mary Jones Slim Accounting

100 Mary Jones Reginald Accounting

200 Fred Willows Rex Finance

100 Mary Jones Victoria InfoSystems

100 Mary Jones Slim InfoSystems

100 Mary Jones Reginald InfoSystems

200 Fred Willows Rex Accounting

Page 19 of 35
 Chapter Two – The Relational Model

D. Explain the differences in your answers to parts B and C. Comment on the

desirability of this situation.

We had to add three rows in the first case—one major for each of the siblings of the
student. If we didn’t do that, it would appear the student has a sibling with one major,
but doesn’t have the sibling as a second major. This is nuts!

E. Divide this relation into a set of well-formed relations.

If we split STUDENT into two relations, STUDENT and STUDENT-SIBLING, then we get:

STUDENT (StudentNumber, StudentName, Major)

STUDENT-SIBLING (StudentNumber, SiblingName)
The relation is identical to the STUDENT-SIBS relation in 2.38 above, and is properly
normalized. Now we need to check STUDENT-MAJOR.
FOR STUDENT:
STUDENT (StudentNumber, StudentName, Major)
Functional Dependencies:
StudentNumber → (StudentName)
(StudentNumber, Major) → StudentName
STUDENT Candidate Keys: (StudentNumber, Major)
Is every determinant a candidate key? NO—
StudentNumber is NOT a candidate key.
Break into two relations: STUDENT-2 and STUDENT-MAJOR
STUDENT-2 (StudentNumber, StudentName)
STUDENT-MAJOR (StudentNumber, Major)
FOR STUDENT-2:
Functional Dependencies:
StudentNumber → StudentName
STUDENT_2 Candidate Keys: StudentNumber
Is every determinant a candidate key?
YES—StudentNumber is a candidate key—Normalization complete!

Page 20 of 35
Another Random Scribd Document
with Unrelated Content
"Luncheon!" she said, cheerfully, "with strawberries as big as a
teacup, and clotted cream."
I think my mind was on the clotted cream, for I followed her past
one dining-room to a second, a long, low room, full of men. She
pushed me in ahead.
"I—I think it's the wrong room, Poppy," I said. "There's the——"
It was the wrong room, and she knew it. The Sheriff was at the
centre table and near him was a great serving stand, with hot and
cold roasts and joints.
I tried to back out, but at that moment Poppy slammed the door and
locked it.
"Don't yell!" she said to me under her breath, and dropped
something ice-cold down my back. The key!
About half the men started to their feet. Poppy raised a hand.
"Gentlemen," she said, "you need not rise! I have a few things I
would like to say while you finish luncheon. I shall be entirely
orderly. The question of the Suffrage——"
They dodged as if she had been loaded with shrapnel instead of a
speech. They shouted and clamored. They ordered us out. And all
the time the door was locked and the key was down my back.
"Poppy!" I said, clutching her arm. "Poppy, for the love of heaven
——"
She had forgotten me absolutely. When she finally turned her eyes
on me, she never even saw me.
"The door is locked, gentlemen," she said. "Locked and the key
hidden. If you will give me five minutes——"
But they would not listen. The Sheriff sat still and ate his luncheon.
Time might come and time might go, tides flow and ebb, old eras
give way to new—but the British lion must be fed. But once I caught
his eye, and I almost thought it twinkled. Perish the thought! The
old order wink at the new!
They demanded the key. The lunch hour was over. The Assizes
waited. In vain Poppy plead for five minutes to talk.
"After that, I'll turn over the key," she promised.
The only way she could have turned over the key was, of course, to
take me into a corner, stand me on my head and jounce it out! I was
very nervous, I'll confess. No one had laid a hand on Poppy as yet.
She was so young and good looking, and the minute anybody
loomed very close, she turned her baby profile to him and he looked
as if he'd been caught gunning for butterflies.
Finally, however, the noise becoming a tumult, and Poppy and I
forced back against the door; the Lord High Sheriff—which sounds
like Gilbert & Sullivan—approached. The crowd made respectful way
for him.
"Now, young ladies," he said, "this has been an agreeable break in
our long day. But—all pleasant things must end. Open the door,
please."
"Will you give me five minutes?" Poppy demanded. "I'm a tax-payer.
I help to pay the people in this room. I have a right to be heard."
"Open the door," said the Sheriff.
"No."
"Then give up the key, and one of my men——"
I caught his arm. I couldn't stand it another minute. It is all well
enough for Poppy to say it was cowardly, and that the situation was
ours until I gave it away. The key was not down her back.
"Break the lock," I said frantically. "The—the key is where I can't get
it."
He was really twinkling now, but the crowd around was outraged for
him and his dignity.
"You didn't swallow it, did you?" he asked in an undertone.
"It's down the back of my frock," I replied.
Poppy said afterwards that I cried and made a scene and disgraced
her generally. It is not true. If tears came, they were tears of rage.
It is not true that I cried on the Sheriff's breast. I only leaned my
head against his arm for a minute, and he was not angry, for he
patted my shoulder. I am terribly fond of Poppy, but she is not
always reasonable, as you will see.
There had been a great deal of noise. I remember hearing echoes of
the dining-room excitement from the hallway beyond the door, and
some one pounding. They were breaking the lock from the outside.
All the time Poppy was talking in her lovely soft voice. She said:
"Since woman is called on to obey the laws, she ought to have a
voice in making them——"
"Hear, hear!" cried somebody.
"Since she doesn't make them, why should she obey them?"
demanded Poppy, lifting violet eyes to the crowd.
"I didn't make the Ten Commandments," said a voice from the rear
of the room, "but I'll get hell just the same if I break them. What
have you got to say about that?"
Poppy was stumped for once. I believe it was the most humiliating
moment of her public life.
Luckily the lock broke just then, and we were hustled out of the
room. There was a crowd in the hall, and it was most disagreeable. I
expected to be arrested, of course—although I'd been arrested
before, and if one is sensible and eats, it is not so bad—but the
crowd, feeling it had the best of things with the Ten
Commandments, was in high good humor. They let us by without a
word and the Sheriff himself stood on the steps while we got into
our car.
Just as Poppy's chauffeur got the engine started, the landlord ran
out and demanded the key. Poppy told the chauffeur to go on, in a
frantic voice, but he hesitated. All the majesty of British law was
there on the steps, and the gold coach was waiting. Of course, to be
arrested for disturbing the peace with a suffrage speech is one thing,
but theft is another. I threw a pleading glance at the Sheriff, and he
came slowly down the steps. Men with wands kept the crowd back.
The fat coachman with the wig did not turn his head, but the
footman at the coach door leered and avenged his calves. Even
Poppy went a little pale.
"Quick," said the Sheriff, ferociously, in a low tone, "give me
something that looks like a key, and then get away as quickly as you
can."
I opened my pocketbook. The only thing that was even the size of a
key was my smelling salts bottle. So I gave him that, and he covered
it with his big hand. Then, still frowning savagely, he made us a
lordly gesture to move on.
(Have you ever been in the Forum Club building that Poppy
decorated? The staircase walls are wonderful—crowds of women,
poor and old, young and rich with clouds around them and so on, all
ascending toward a saintly person with a key—Saint Peter, or
somebody. Well, the saint is the Sheriff at Guildford, and the key is a
salts bottle, if you look closely.)
We slept at Bournemouth that night. Or rather, we didn't sleep.
Poppy sat up half the night trying to think of an answer to the ten
commandment thing. She said she'd get that again—she felt it—and
what was she to say? I had recovered the key and my good humor
by that time, but I could not help much. Seeing her so disturbed, I
had not the heart to tell her what I suspected. But I was sure that I
had seen Vivian Harcourt on the edge of the crowd at Guildford. It
would have made her furious to think that she was under any sort of
espionage. But Vivian was following us, I felt confident, with enough
money to bail us out if she did anything reckless. He knew her, you
see.
That is why all the rest of it seems so silly. Vivian knew Poppy; he
knew her convictions, and her courage. For him to do the baby thing
later was stupid. And anyhow, if it was hard on him, what was it for
me?
Poppy slept late in the morning, and I got up and went down to the
pier, a melancholy place, wet with morning mist and almost
deserted. There were rows of beach chairs, and bathing machines
and overturned boats littering the beach, and not a soul in sight but
a few fishermen. I sat there and thought of Newport on a bright July
morning, with children and nurses on the sand, and throngs of
people, and white sailboats and nice young men in flannels——I was
awfully homesick for a minute. And it came over me, too, that I had
no particular business helping the Cause in England, and having keys
put down my back, and giving up my gold-topped salts bottle, which
was a present from Basil Ward, when all the time the Cause at home
was fighting just as grimly and much more politely.
Vivian was on the pier, at the very end. He was sitting looking out,
with his finger hooked around his cigarette (which is Cambridge
fashion, I believe, or may be the King does it) and looking very
glum.
"Where is she? In jail?" he demanded.
"She's asleep, poor thing," I said.
He snorted.
"Lots of sleep I've had," he said. "Look here, Madge, is she going to
take her vacation by locking up Sheriffs all along the route? Because
if she is, I'm going back to London."
"I think it very likely," I replied, coldly. "You'd better go back
anyhow; she'll be murderous if she knows she's followed."
He groaned.
"I can't leave her alone, can I?"
"I'm along."
He laughed. It was rude of him.
"You!" he said. "Madge, tell me honestly—where was the key?"
"She put it down my back."
He fairly howled with joy. I hated him. But he calmed before long,
and offered me a cigarette as a peace offering. I declined.
"You'd better go along," he said. "She may need the—back again.
Madge, is there any chance for me with her?"
"Well, she likes you, when you are not in the way."
"I'd be in the way now, I suppose, if I turned up to-night at—where
do you stop?"
"At Torquay. Look here, Vivian, I've just thought of something. She's
put out about a thing a man said yesterday. She wants an answer.
She's got arguments, but what she wants is a retort—about six
words and smart. If you could give her one, she'd probably forgive
you hanging around, and all that."
So I told him about the ten commandments and Poppy knowing
she'd get it again and sitting up to worry it out. He said it was easy.
He'd have something to break his appearance at Torquay. But it
wasn't as easy as it seemed at first. I left him sitting there, looking
out to sea, with a notebook on his knee. He called after me that he'd
follow us, a few miles behind, but he wouldn't turn up until he had
thought of something worth while.
According to Basil, it was he who finally thought of something. It
seems that Vivian wrote out pages of a reply, saying that if the
questioner compared man-made law with the ten commandments,
then he made Parliament and the House of Lords divine, and that
this was a reductio ad absurdum, which is Greek or something for
ridiculous. But he almost went mad trying to make it short, and it
wasn't funny at all. Whereas, as he knew very well, the only chance
the speaker had, in such a case, was to get a laugh. What he really
needed was a retort, not a reply.
We made rather slow progress. In the first place, Poppy learned that
the chauffeur, who was a new one and quite intelligent, was not in
favour of suffrage, and for hours we crawled along, while she argued
with him. And in the second place, we stopped frequently to nail up
posters along the roadside. Vivian said later that he trailed us quite
easily, and that there were times when he was only one curve in the
road behind. He used to get out and putter over the engine to pass
the time and let us get ahead. He did not appear at Torquay, so I
knew he wasn't getting along well with the ten commandments.
But except being put out of a hotel at Exeter for discovering a
member of Parliament there, in bed with the gout, and flinging some
handbills in through the transom, the rest of the trip was very
peaceful. Dartmoor put Poppy into a trance; the heather was in
bloom, and she made sketches and colour bits, and lay back in the
car in a sort of dream, planning the next winter's work.
She was irritable when she was disturbed, too. The creative instinct
is a queer thing. Once Bootles, the chauffeur, asked her a question
when she was trying to catch some combination or other, and she
answered him sharply.
"When the women go to vote, Miss," he said, turning around and
touching his cap, "who is going to mind the children?"
"We intend to establish a messenger service," said Poppy, with a
crayon in her mouth.
"A messenger service?" Bootles' eyes stuck out.
"Yes. To summon the fathers home from the pubs to hold the
babies."
(A "pub" of course is an English saloon.)
The T. C. matter was still bothering Poppy at intervals. She knew as
well as anyone that she needed a laugh in her retort, and as you
have seen, Poppy is too earnest to be funny. I said this to Basil Ward
the night we got to Tintagel.
Poppy was tired, and went to bed early. I walked out on the terrace,
and Basil was there. He said Viv had sent for him on the T. C. matter,
and he had something in view.
"He gave it up, poor chap," he said. "He isn't humorous, you know.
As a matter of fact, he and Poppy are both so bally serious that it
makes me wonder how they'll hit it off."
"If she's as earnest about matrimony as she is about Suffrage," I
said, "she'll be a sincere wife."
Basil said nothing. We had walked out to the edge of the cliff, and
were leaning against the rough stone parapet.
"It's rather nice, isn't it," he said suddenly. "Here we are, almost at
Land's End, and the old Atlantic—Madge, will you give me a perfectly
honest answer to a question?"
I braced myself.
"Yes."
"Did you stay over here in England because your whole heart is in
the Cause?"
"Ye—es."
"Your whole heart?"
"Our motives are always mixed, Basil," I said kindly. "It would have
been awfully silly to have endured that miserable spring and not
have stayed for June and July."
"You get a great many cablegrams from America."
"That," I said, with dignity, "is of course my own affair."
"About the Cause?"
"Not—always."
"From a man, of course."
"Yes," I said sweetly, and went back to the hotel.
I broke the news to Poppy about Vivian and she stormed. But
suddenly she stopped, with a calculating gleam in her eye.
"He's a fool to follow me," she said, "but he has gleams of
intelligence, Madge. I shall put the T. C. matter up to him!"
So I sent Viv a note that night. You see one must manage Poppy.

"Dear Viv: She knows and the worst is over. Breakfast early and
keep out of the way until noon. She is going to work, and
anyhow, it will make her curious. If you have a good retort to
the T. C. business, don't give it at once. It would humiliate her.
Then, when you've given it to her, if she's pleased, you can ask
her the other. She's silly about you, Viv, but she won't
acknowledge it to herself.
"Madge.
"P. S. Don't make any stipulation about Suffrage, but make her
promise to let you do and think as you like. Be sure. Get her to
write it, if you can. I happen to know that if she marries you,
she hopes you'll take alternate Sundays with her at the
Monument, so she can speak at Camberwell.
 "M."

Poppy came down to breakfast in her best morning frock, looking

lovely, and sat with her profile to the room. I thought she watched
the door, too, and she took only an egg, although she usually has a
kipper also.
But neither of the men showed up. She loitered over the Times, but
at last she got her sketching things, and we went out to the cliff
head, where there's a bench. It is a long tongue of rock, about
twenty feet wide or so, and far below, on each side, the ocean.
There was a rough-haired pony out there also, and the three of us
were crowded. The pony wanted sugar or something, and kept
getting in the way. Poppy sketched, but her heart wasn't in it and at
every new halloo from some tourist exploring King Arthur's ruins
(The Castle, of course) she looked up expectantly.
At last I caught sight of Basil waving to me from the hotel, and I
went back. I left Poppy there alone, pretending to sketch, although
it was perfectly clear to every one that the only view she had was of
the pony's mangy side. Shortly after, I saw Vivian, in walking
tweeds, going along one of the sheep's paths toward her, and
looking very handsome and determined.
Basil and I sat on the terrace and "concentrated." It was my idea.
"Will her to take him," I said.
"I am," said Basil, looking at me.
"She's so pretty," said I.
"Lovely!" said Basil.
"And it's such a natural thing," I went on. "He has a lot of character,
and he's gentle as well as firm."
"I thank you," said Basil, and bowed.
"I don't believe," I said severely, "that you are concentrating."
The pony had got around behind the bench, and we lost them for a
moment. But the little beast moved off just then, and it was like
lifting a curtain. Poppy's head was on Vivian's shoulder.
"Good old Viv!" said Basil. "Happy chap!" and sighed.

I met Vivian as I went down to luncheon. He was coming up three

stairs at a time, but he stopped and drew me into a corner.
"All fixed," he said. "You're a trump, Madge. The T. C. did it. She's
promised all sorts of things."
"And you?" I demanded. I thought he evaded my eye.
"I?" he said. "Well, I've agreed not to interfere with her career.
That's only reasonable."
"And—Suffrage?"
"She's going to be less militant," he said. "Of course, her conviction
is the same. I want her to stand by her principle. I wouldn't respect
her if she didn't."
It didn't quite satisfy me. I knew Poppy. But he was so happy that I
said nothing. After all, what could I say? Viv after all had never
opposed Suffrage, except in its militant form—although I don't
believe he had felt the necessity for it. But the trouble was that
Poppy was a born militant, a born aggressor. And he had promised
her the strength of her convictions!
(I wrote it all to father that afternoon and his cablegram came when
I was back in London again and settled.
"No great revolution ever accomplished without bloodshed.")
 PART SECOND
When Poppy and Vivian had been married and gone to Brittany, I
went back to Daphne's. Daphne was very discouraging about them. I
remember her standing by the fire and orating, with her tea cup in
her hand.
"There's a loss somewhere—bound to be," she said. Daphne is short
and stout, and wears her hair short and curled over her head with
an iron. "Either Suffrage loses her, or she loses a husband. I've
watched it. It doesn't do, Maggie," which is her pet name for me. "A
Suffragist as valuable as Poppy should not marry. You remember
what Jane Willoughby's husband said to her, that he expected The
Cause for his wife to be himself, and that if she'd rather raise votes
for women than a family of children she would have to choose at
once. When she asked him why she couldn't do both, he went to
Africa!"
"Without giving her an answer?"
"Bless the child, there isn't any answer! It isn't wisdom that takes
refuge in silence. It's silly, besotted, dumbheaded idiocy."
"Viv isn't an imbecile," I said feebly.
"He's a male," she snapped, and ran her fingers up through her
fringe, so that she appeared to stand in a gale of wind.
The first blow fell about a week after. Poppy and Vivian came home
from their wedding trip. They were settled in Viv's house in
Lancaster Gate, and one part of the wings was being turned into a
studio for Poppy, with a glass roof. Vivian is the playwright, you
know, and his study was to be beneath her work shop, with a
private staircase connecting. She was most awfully happy. She'd
brought home some stunning sketches, and her first work was going
to be his study walls.
Basil and I were asked to dinner. Poppy wanted to talk over her
plans with us, and there was no one else. Poppy was radiant. We
drank to the pony at Tintagel, and to the key at Guildford, and to the
new play and the new paintings. The thing was a great success until
half way through the dinner, when suddenly Poppy said:
"By the way, Viv, the income tax man was here to-day."
I felt, for some reason, as I had felt when the key went down my
back.
Viv smiled, and went to his doom.
"Just imagine, Basil," he said. "The sweet young person across the
table made more than I did last year! Four thousand pounds!"
"I'm too commercially successful to think I have any real genius,"
said Poppy, complacently.
"And some small sum the same sweet young person will have to pay
over to the tax man," Basil observed.
Poppy raised her violet eyes.
"I don't intend to pay it," she said.
Vivian put down his glass.
"That's what Madge would call a 'bluff,'" he said, with his eyes on
her. "You'll be obliged to pay it, dearest. You know that."
"'Taxation without representation' is what it amounts to." Poppy's
face was dangerously agreeable. "The American colonies seceded,
didn't they, for something like that? I paid it last year, but I made up
my mind then I'd never do it again."
Basil was looking very uncomfortable.
"I gave you the privilege of your convictions," said Viv, stiffly. "Of
course, if that's your intention, there is nothing more to be said."
Poppy looked puzzled.
"But it is wrong, isn't it?" she demanded. "Surely that's the a.b.c. of
the reason for the discontent of Englishwomen."
"The principle may not be entirely equitable. Few laws work equally
well for all." Vivian now, a little white about the lips. "But, such as it
is, it's the law of your country."
"I didn't choose my country, or make it's laws," Poppy said coldly. "I
have a right to protest; I'll not pay it."
Now, as I have said before, motives are seldom unmixed. I think
what Poppy meant to do was simply to register a protest, refuse to
pay, make a lot of fuss about it. If they sent her to jail, being the
prominent person she was—she was the Honourable Poppy, I think I
forgot to say that before—it would make a lot of feeling. She did not
mind jail very much. She'd been there twice. Then, having asserted
her principles, she could get sick or go on a hunger strike, and
Vivian would pay the tax and get her out.
Basil laughed with assumed cheerfulness.
"Then Viv is stuck for the tax," he said.
Vivian looked across the table and met Poppy's eyes.
"That's hardly what you are getting at, is it?" he asked. "Your protest
is against the imposition of the tax, isn't it? It's a matter of principle,
isn't it? My paying it wouldn't help."
"I have not asked you to pay it."
"As a matter of fact, I haven't the slightest intention of paying it,
Poppy. You put me in an absurd position, that's all."
We had finished dinner, and the men went up to the drawing room
with us. A funny thought struck Basil on the way up. He chuckled.
"Of course, Viv," he said, "if Poppy sticks to that, you'll have to do
something. There's the Husband's Liability Act. You're liable, you
know."
Basil is a barrister.
Well, we talked of other things and pretended not to notice Vivian's
strained eyes and Poppy's high color. She took me off after a time to
see the new studio, and it did not take me long to tell her what I
thought.
"It's absurd," I said. "Do you expect to break down iron bars by
banging a head against them?"
"It's my head," she said sulkily.
"Not at all. It's Vivian's. They will jail him."
"I didn't make the law."
"Like the man with the Ten Commandments at Guildford!" I retorted.
"He didn't make them, but you know where he said he'd go if he
broke them. By the way, Poppy, I've always meant to ask you, did
you ever get a retort ready in case the T. C. came up again?"
But the men came in just then, and I did not learn. It was rather a
ghastly evening. We were all most polite and formal and Basil took
me home. I told him about my house at home in the United States,
and the way I'd been treated, and having nothing at the end of a
year but plumber's bills and tax receipts.
"I'm glad you haven't any particular income," he said at last. "That's
one element of discord removed."
"I don't understand."
"Yes, you do," he said calmly. "You know exactly what I mean, and
what I hope and what I feel. I don't dare to say it, because if I start
I'll—Madge, I shall not propose to you until my Uncle Egbert dies. I
don't want you until I can support you comfortably—that's a lie. I
want you damnably, all the time."
I do not remember that we said anything more until we reached
Daphne's. Then, as he helped me out, I said:
"How old is Uncle Egbert?"
"Eighty-six," he replied grimly, and went away without shaking
hands.
Well, to go back to Poppy, for of course it is her story I am telling,
not mine. Mother came over soon after that and I went with her to
Mentone for two months. Then she went back to America from
Genoa, and I went back to London. Mother is the sweetest person in
the world, and I adore her, but she represents the old-fashioned
woman, and of course I stand for the advanced. For instance, she
was much more interested in Basil Ward than in the Cause, and she
absolutely disapproved of Poppy's stand about the income tax.
"I don't care to discuss the Cause," she said to me. "We have trouble
enough now with only the men voting. Why should we double our
anxieties?"
"That's silly, mother," I retorted. "Because one baby is a trouble and
naughty sometimes, should one have only one child?"
Basil met me at Charing Cross, and I knew there was something up
by the very way his stick hung to his arm.
"How's everything?" I asked, when he had called a cab and settled
me in it. "How nice and sooty it is, after the Riviera!"
"Filthy hole!" said Basil grumpily. "Haven't had a decent day since
you left."
(This was remarkable, because the papers had all said the weather
in London was wonderful for that time of year.)
"And Poppy?"
"Poppy's a fool," Basil broke out. "I'm glad you're back, Madge.
Maybe you can do something with her."
But he refused to tell me anything further. He asked if I would mind
going directly to Lancaster Gate, and sat back in a corner eyeing me
most of the way.
"You make me nervous," I said at last. "If you can't look at me
pleasantly, why look at all?"
"I can't help looking at you, and I'm blessed if I can look pleasant.
Madge, just how much is your heart and soul in the—er—Cause?"
Well, I was pretty tired of being questioned all the time. I said:
"There isn't any sacrifice I wouldn't make for it."
"If you were married——"
"I wouldn't marry a man who didn't think as I do."
He seemed to drop back further into his corner.
The whole thing puzzled me. For Basil said nothing, but looked
dejected and beaten, somehow. And yet he had always believed that
women should vote.
We found Poppy in her studio, but Viv's workroom below was empty
and the door into the passage stood open. His desk was orderly and
his pens in a row. It looked queer. Poppy was painting, standing
before a huge canvas and looking very smeary; she gave me a
cheek to kiss, and she was thin! Positively thin!
"You're looking very fit, Maggie," she said, without a smile. "We've
missed her, haven't we, Basil?"
Basil grunted something. Suddenly it occurred to me that he and
Poppy hardly glanced at one another, and that he was still holding
his hat and gloves. Their constraint, and Viv not around and
everything—I was very uncomfortable. Of course, if Basil cared for
Poppy and I used to think he did, and if Vivian had found it out—
"No, thanks, Poppy," said Basil, "I'll—I'll drop in again."
"Crumpets for tea!" said Poppy. They'd engaged the cook for her
crumpets.
"Thanks awfully," Basil muttered and having said something about
seeing me again very soon, he got out. I stared after him. Could this
be Basil the arrogant? Basil the abject? This brooding individual who
did nothing but stare at me as if he were trying to work something
out!
Poppy came over to me, with her fists in the pockets of her painting
apron, and looked down at me.
"Frightened, like all the rest!" she said. "They say I'm responsible for
hundreds of broken engagements! They made the law themselves,
and now, when they see it in operation, they squeal."
It came over me then; Poppy's strained eyes, and her painting
without a cigarette, and Basil looking so queer.
"Then Viv——"
"Viv is in jail, my dear," she said. "Men made the law, of course, but
I wish you'd hear them! The Husband's Liability Act, child. A married
woman's husband is responsible for her debts. I refused to pay my
income tax as taxation without representation. Viv got stubborn, and
said he wouldn't. Result, the entire male population screaming for
help, engaged men breaking with Suffragist fiancées, the population
prospects of the country poor, and—Viv in jail!"
I could hardly speak for a minute.
"That—that's what is wrong with Basil?"
"Of course I'm sorry, Maggie. You see, you have an income of your
own and at any moment, by refusing to pay the tax on it, you can
send Basil to jail."
"If he were any sort of a husband," I said furiously, "he could pay
the tax and save all the trouble."
"Not at all. The men have banded together. They call it the
Husband's Defence! They take turns at visiting Viv, and sending him
books and things. It's—it's maddening."
Poppy asked me to stay with her. She was really in a bad way. She
wasn't eating or sleeping, and that very night a crowd of men
gathered in front of the house, and hissed and called her things.
One of them made a speech. We listened from behind the curtains.
He said his wife was holding out her taxes on him and he expected
to "go up" the next day. Poppy went out on the balcony and tried to
tell them why she had done it, and that it was a matter of principle,
and all that. But they would not listen, and only jeered. She came
back into the drawing room quite beaten, and covered her face with
her hands.
It was the next evening that Basil told us that Vivian, feeling as he
did that he represented the married men of the Kingdom and that he
stood for principle also, had gone on a hunger strike!

After all, it was Daphne who came to the rescue. She came over to
luncheon the day after and found Poppy in bed with cold cloths on
her head, and her wedding ring off. Daphne sniffed.
"You and Viv are two children," she said. "You're a silly for thinking
you can beat the government at its own game, which is taxation,
and Viv's a fool for letting you be one."
Poppy is not placid of disposition, and she flung the cold cloths at
Daphne and ordered her out. But Daphne only wrung out the cloths
and hung them up, and raised the shades.
"You haven't got a headache; you have a pain in your disposition,"
she said. "Put this on again."
And Poppy put on her wedding ring.
"Now," said Daphne. "You won't pay this money as a matter of
principle, and Viv won't, for the same reason. I won't because I
haven't got it: Madge probably ditto. But it must be paid. Have you
got it in the house?"
Poppy nodded.
"In notes?"
"Yes."
"Where?"
"In my jewel case."
"Very well. Now," said Daphne, "Madge and I are going to fix this
thing up. You are not to know anything about it. You can swear to
that later on, if the question comes up. Is there any place in your
studio where you keep money?"
"In the table drawer."
"Very well. To-night before you go to bed put that money there.
Early to-morrow morning send a maid to the drawer. If, by any
chance, it is not there, send for the police."
Poppy was sitting up in bed, her eyes narrowed.
"The door of that wing is always locked. Viv has one key; I have the
other."
"Never mind about the keys," said Daphne, loftily. "Now lie back and
take a nap. Madge and I are going to look at the new picture. And
I'm taking Madge home to dinner. I want her to go with me to the
Edgware Road meeting to-night."
We did not look at the picture very long. Daphne's lips were shut
tight, and I was feeling very queer. I knew what Daphne meant to
do—to have the exact amount of Poppy's tax stolen from the table,
and reported to the police. And later on in the day to have it sent to
the tax office in Poppy's name. Poppy could swear she had not done
it and point to the robbery. But by that time it would be credited to
her name, and Viv would be free.
"It's a knot," said Daphne, running her fingers through her hair. "It's
past un-tying. We have to cut it."
I know it sounds silly now and father has advised me never to tell
mother, but it seemed the only thing at the time. Here were Viv and
Poppy at an impasse, as one may say, and things getting worse
every day—Viv on a hunger strike, and Poppy's work waiting, and
the vote, which was our natural solution, as far off as ever.
"I'll unlock a window in Viv's study," said Daphne, "and you can
come back after midnight and crawl in. I'd do it, but I'm too fat.
Once in, you've only to go up the little staircase to the studio, and
get the money. The key's always in the side door. You can let
yourself out."
"But I don't like it, Daphne."
"A broken window," said Daphne, "would look a lot better. More
natural, you know. Here, hold a pillow."
She raised one of Viv's windows a little—we were in his study—and
she put her arm outside, with a paper weight in her hand. A smart
tap, and a pane fell in on my pillow. We listened but no servants had
come running and the house next door was closed and shuttered.
Daphne is very clever. She unlocked the window, drew the shade as
it had been before, and put the glass in a little heap on the floor.
The area was outside, about five feet below.
"I could never do it," I protested. "I—I haven't your courage, Daffie.
Be a dear and do it yourself."
"Have to be at Edgware Road," said Daphne. "After all, Poppy's your
friend. You made the match, didn't you?"
"But if I'm arrested——"
"You won't be. Jane Willoughby is going with me to-night. I'll lend
her some of your clothes and a veil. She can make a speech in your
name. There's an alibi for you!"
Now it sounded all right at the time, but looking back, it seems
queer. For of what use is an alibi if the police have you? But one
thing I would not do. I would not climb in the window. Daphne
finally put me behind one of Poppy's canvases in the studio on a
chair.
"They'll think you broke in, which answers as well," she said. "And
you can get the money and let yourself out the side door without
any trouble."
"I sha'n't have any dinner," I reminded her. But she said she'd have
something ready for me at home after I'd committed my crime, and
went down the staircase whistling.
I shall never forget that awful night. I was most uncomfortable.
There was a chance that the servants, locking up, would go into
Viv's study and find the glass, although it was behind the curtain.
But I'd seen Peters lock up before. He stood in a doorway and
looked at each window, and if the curtains did not blow the house
was safe. Luckily there was no wind that evening!
But I hated the whole thing. It got darker and darker and things
scrambled in the walls. Poppy brought the money and put it in a
drawer but of course I did not speak to her. She had to be able to
swear she knew nothing. She kissed Viv's picture which she had
painted, and trotted out again, sighing. Peters did not discover the
broken window in the den below, because he never even went to
look. And I felt very dreary, with no one really caring for me, and so
far from America, and men—like Basil, for instance—acting so
strange and uneasy.
Of course I could have taken the money and gone, as soon as it was
dark. But a policeman took up a position outside the area door, and
waited for somebody. He and Peters had a few words about Poppy's
maid, and the policeman said he would see her if he had to stay
there all night. He stayed for hours.
I got the money and put it in my handbag, and because I did not
wish to get it mixed with my own, I put it by itself in one of the
pockets. Then I think I dozed for two or three hours, for when
waking the street was quiet and the policeman had gone away. I
was stiff, tired, and out of humor, and I started down the little
staircase past Viv's study to the area door. As I reached the bottom,
somebody tried the lock outside. I nearly fainted. I turned and ran
up in the dark, and the door below opened. A man came in stealthily
and went directly to Vivian's den. And just then a church clock struck
two.
I was frightened. It seemed to me that as soon as he ransacked the
room below, he'd come up to the studio. Perhaps he knew about the
money. Burglars seem to be able to smell money. And the idea of
being caught in the studio, as in a cul de sac, made me panicky. I
clutched my bag, and slipped down the staircase, past Vivian's door.
The burglar was there, going through Viv's desk, with a light turned
on and a cap down over his eyes.
I forgot to be cautious then. I bolted for the door, flung it open—it
was a patent lock, with a knob inside—and stepped out into the
night air and the policeman's arms.
"Easy a bit, hold girl!" he said. "Hi'm 'ere and you're 'ere. What's the
'urry?" He held me off and looked at me. Luckily I'd never seen him
before. "Quick with your 'ands, ain't you! In you goes and in five
minutes out you pops!"
"If you think I'm a burglar," I said haughtily, "I'm nothing of the sort.
I'm——" It came over me, all at once, that I'd better not say I was a
friend of Poppy's. You see she was being watched very closely. If I
was searched, and the exact amount of her income tax in my
pocket, it would look very queer, and the whole thing would be out,
of course. "The burglar you followed is still in the house," I said.
"He's in Mr.—in the study, just beyond that door."
"None of that, young woman," he said, sternly. "You'll just come
along with me! 'Ouse-breaking it is; I watched you in and I watched
you hout."
He took me by the arm, and I went along. There was nothing else to
do. I tried to drop my hand bag as we went, but he heard it and
picked it up. I was rather dazed. The only thing I could think of was
that for the sake of the Cause and Poppy I must not tell who I was.
But I begged him to send an officer to Poppy's house, because there
was a burglar in it, probably after the idea of Vivian's new novel.
At the police station they telephoned Poppy, and here she made her
terrible mistake. She said afterwards that if Daphne had only
explained she'd have known. But she thought it was all a part of the
plot, and she went back to her studio and said she'd lost the money
out of a table drawer. She told how it was, in notes and gold, and, of
course, they found the exact amount in my bag. She says that when
they told her they had it and a young woman too, she almost
swooned. She tried to find Basil, but he was not in his rooms and
Daphne had been arrested at Edgware Road and was
incommunicado!
Poppy's position was pitiable. She didn't know what to do. If she
declared the plot and freed me, all London would laugh, and the
Cause would suffer. If she did not declare the plot, I would get a
prison sentence. I have drawn a poor picture of Poppy if you think I
stood a chance against The Cause.
That is how things stood the next morning; Daphne, Vivian and I in
jail, and Poppy in hysterics. Then a curious thing happened. The
evening papers announced that Vivian had paid the tax for Poppy
and was free. Viv repudiated the payment—said he had not done it,
and refused his liberty.
"Mr. Harcourt," said one paper, "is quite thin and shows the strain of
his confinement. He is apparently cheerful, but very feeble,
supporting himself by the back of a chair while he stood. His eyes
flashed, however, as he stated that the Income Tax office could not
legally accept the payment, as it was not his money. If any of his
supporters had, in mistaken zeal, taken a collection for this purpose,
he could only regret their action and refuse to profit by it."
At this time I had refused to talk and Poppy was in bed.
But on the next day the Times published a letter, signed "Only a
Man" which stirred the whole thing up again. The writer declared
that the tax had been paid with Vivian's own money, that the writer
himself had stolen it out of a desk in Mr. Harcourt's house, that it
had been sent by messenger to the proper authorities, and a receipt
issued, which was appended. And that, in other words, while Mr.
Harcourt was to be lauded for his principles, his refusal to accept his
liberty was now absurd. Also, the writer was under the impression
that an innocent person was being held for his crime.
This story being investigated by the authorities and Poppy's
recovering enough to come down and identify me, furiously
indignant at my detention and outraged that I had not told my name
and how I came to be leaving her house at that hour, which she said
was because we had had a long talk about the next campaign, I was
freed at last. It leaked out like this:
(a) Viv was free with no loss of principle.
(b) Poppy's tax was paid, with no loss of principle.
(c) "A Mere Man" was not apprehended.
(d) Basil reappeared, after a heavy cold.
I was not present when Viv and Poppy met, owing to some
formalities of my release. I drove to the house with Poppy's money
in my bag, and went up unannounced. Viv was not pale and wan. He
looked rested and fit, and Poppy was on his knee. When I went in
she moved to the arm of his chair, but no further, and she kept her
profile toward him.
They were very apologetic and said how sorry they were, and Poppy
said she knew Daphne and I meant well, but that one wrong would
never help another. I was speechless with rage, and I took from my
bag her money and held it out to her.
"Of course," I said, "Vivian has no idea of who 'A Mere Man' is?"
"None whatever," said Viv shamelessly.
"That's curious," I observed. "I saw him quite distinctly, you know,
as I went down the stairs."
(I had—his back!)
I went out, with my head up. They called to me, and I think Vivian
started to follow. But I got into a taxicab and drove to Daphne's. I
was very depressed.
Basil came to see me that night. Daphne was still in jail, and very
comfortable. She sent me word not to worry, as she was getting new
material for speeches, and had two ready.
I refused to see Basil, but he followed the maid back, and stood
looking down at me.
"Viv says you saw me," he began without any preamble.
"I did, but I didn't recognise you. You've committed yourself."
He changed colour.
"What else was there to do?" he demanded. "Those two geese
would have gone on forever. Viv had the money in his desk, but it
was my plan, not his."
As it happened, I had sent father a cablegram about Viv and Poppy
just before I was arrested, and now I saw his reply on the mantel.
"Sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander," he had cabled. Well, I
had had the jail, and Basil had had—a cold! Basil followed my eyes.
"More cablegrams!" he said. "Why doesn't that chap come over and
get you?"
"Because I am going back to him. I can't stand the pressure, Basil.
Viv and Poppy are all right for this year, but how about next? Is it to
be the same thing again?"
"They're going to Italy to live."
"A compromise?" I quoted, rather bitterly. "'Not victory but a truce.'
You and I made that marriage. It was the T. C. that did it."
Basil took the cablegram from the mantel and deliberately read it.
When he got to the signature he drew a long breath and then he
grinned.
"So that's that!" he said. "Well, Maggie, are you going back to father,
or—staying here with me?"
"You're afraid of me."
"I'll take the risk, Madge. I didn't tell you, Uncle Egbert died while
you were away."
"I've been in jail for stealing," I quavered. "And I'd do it again, Basil,
for the Cause."
"Bless the Cause," said Basil manfully. "Why shouldn't you vote, if
you want to? Aren't you cleverer, and lovelier, and more courageous
than any man that ever lived? Anyhow, you're right. Things are
rotten. What sane government would lock a man up because his
wife refuses to pay her taxes?"
I lifted my head from his shoulder.
"That wretched house at home——" I began.
But he was quite cheerful.
"We'll sell it," he said, "and you shall spend the money for pretties to
wear, that don't pay a tax."
It was compromise again. I knew it, but I yielded. After a time I
said:
"Basil, what was the retort you gave Poppy about the T. C.?"
"Nothing much," he replied complacently, "I told her, if any one
sprung it at her again, to say that if men had made the Ten
Commandments, they'd have added an eleventh amendment long
ago, or else have annulled them."
*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AFFINITIES, AND
OTHER STORIES ***

Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions

will be renamed.

Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S.

copyright law means that no one owns a United States
copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy
and distribute it in the United States without permission and
without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the
General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and
distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the
PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and trademark. Project
Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if
you charge for an eBook, except by following the terms of the
trademark license, including paying royalties for use of the
Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for
copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is
very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such
as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
research. Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and
printed and given away—you may do practically ANYTHING in
the United States with eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright
law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially
commercial redistribution.

START: FULL LICENSE

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
 PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the

free distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this
work (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase
“Project Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of
the Full Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or
online at www.gutenberg.org/license.

Section 1. General Terms of Use and

Redistributing Project Gutenberg™
electronic works
1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand,
agree to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual
property (trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree
to abide by all the terms of this agreement, you must cease
using and return or destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™
electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee for
obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg™
electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms
of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only

be used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by
people who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.
There are a few things that you can do with most Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works even without complying with the
full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There
are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg™
electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and
help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™
electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.
1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the
Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the
collection of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the
individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the
United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright
law in the United States and you are located in the United
States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying,
distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works
based on the work as long as all references to Project
Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope that you will
support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting free
access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg™
works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for
keeping the Project Gutenberg™ name associated with the
work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement
by keeping this work in the same format with its attached full
Project Gutenberg™ License when you share it without charge
with others.

1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also
govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most
countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside
the United States, check the laws of your country in addition to
the terms of this agreement before downloading, copying,
displaying, performing, distributing or creating derivative works
based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work. The
Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright
status of any work in any country other than the United States.

1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project

Gutenberg:

1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other

immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must
appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project
Gutenberg™ work (any work on which the phrase “Project
Gutenberg” appears, or with which the phrase “Project
Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed,
viewed, copied or distributed:

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United

States and most other parts of the world at no cost and
with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it,
give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project
Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United
States, you will have to check the laws of the country
where you are located before using this eBook.

1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is

derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not
contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of
the copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to
anyone in the United States without paying any fees or charges.
If you are redistributing or providing access to a work with the
phrase “Project Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the
work, you must comply either with the requirements of
paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use
of the work and the Project Gutenberg™ trademark as set forth
in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is

posted with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and
distribution must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through
1.E.7 and any additional terms imposed by the copyright holder.
Additional terms will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™
License for all works posted with the permission of the copyright
holder found at the beginning of this work.

1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project

Gutenberg™ License terms from this work, or any files
 containing a part of this work or any other work associated with
Project Gutenberg™.

1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute

this electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1
with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the
Project Gutenberg™ License.

1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form,
including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if
you provide access to or distribute copies of a Project
Gutenberg™ work in a format other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or
other format used in the official version posted on the official
Project Gutenberg™ website (www.gutenberg.org), you must,
at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy,
a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy
upon request, of the work in its original “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or
other form. Any alternate format must include the full Project
Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,

performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™
works unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or

providing access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™
electronic works provided that:

• You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive
from the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the
method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The
fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark,
but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to
the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty
 payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on
which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your
periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked
as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information
about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation.”

• You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who

notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt
that s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project
Gutenberg™ License. You must require such a user to return or
destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
Project Gutenberg™ works.

• You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of

any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in
the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90
days of receipt of the work.

• You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.

1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project

Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different
terms than are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain
permission in writing from the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation, the manager of the Project Gutenberg™
trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3
below.

1.F.

1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend

considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on,
transcribe and proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright
Welcome to our website – the ideal destination for book lovers and
knowledge seekers. With a mission to inspire endlessly, we offer a
vast collection of books, ranging from classic literary works to
specialized publications, self-development books, and children's
literature. Each book is a new journey of discovery, expanding
knowledge and enriching the soul of the reade

Our website is not just a platform for buying books, but a bridge
connecting readers to the timeless values of culture and wisdom. With
an elegant, user-friendly interface and an intelligent search system,
we are committed to providing a quick and convenient shopping
experience. Additionally, our special promotions and home delivery
services ensure that you save time and fully enjoy the joy of reading.

Let us accompany you on the journey of exploring knowledge and

personal growth!

testbankbell.com