Practice Questions: Differential Equations

1. Find the order and degree of the following differential equations:

2
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦
(i) (𝑑𝑥 2 ) + (𝑑𝑥) = 𝑥 sin (𝑑𝑥)
𝑑 𝑑𝑦 4
(ii) [( )] = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑2 𝑦
(iii) 𝑦 3 = 𝑒 4 𝑑𝑥 2
1
𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑2 𝑦 3
(iv) √1 − ( ) = (𝑎 2 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 2
(v) 𝑥 (𝑑𝑥) + 𝑑𝑦 + 9 = 𝑦2
( )
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2
(vi) 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑎√1 + (𝑑𝑥)
2. Find the sum of the order and degree of the following differential equations:
(i) (3𝑥 + 5𝑦)𝑑𝑦 − 4𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 0
5
𝑑𝑦 2 3 𝑑2 𝑦
(ii) (3 − (𝑑𝑥) ) = 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 2
1
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 4
(iii) + (𝑑𝑥) + (𝑥)1/5 = 0
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 2
(iv) (𝑥 + 𝑑𝑥) = (𝑑𝑥) + 1
2 3
𝑑4 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2
(v) (𝑑𝑥 4 ) = (𝑥 + (𝑑𝑥) )
𝑑2 𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦
(vi) + √𝑑𝑥 + (1 + 𝑥) = 0
𝑑𝑥 2
2
(vii) √1 + (𝑑𝑦) = 3𝑥 − 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
3. Find the general solution of the following differential equations:
𝑑𝑦
(i) = cos(𝑥 + 𝑦)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
(ii) 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑒 𝑥
(iii) (𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 )𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
(iv) log ( ) = 𝑥 − 𝑦
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
(v) 𝑒 = 𝑥2
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 3𝑒 2𝑥 +3𝑒 4𝑥
(vi) =
𝑑𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥
2 𝑑𝑦
(vii) (𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑎2
𝑑𝑥
(viii) (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1)2 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥
(ix) (√1 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2
(x) =
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥𝑦
𝑑𝑦
(xi) 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑦(log 𝑦 − log 𝑥 + 1)
(xii) (𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑦𝑥√𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑦 = 0
(xiii) (𝑥 − √𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
(xiv) sin 𝑥 = (𝑦 + √𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 − 𝑦 2 ) cos 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 2𝑦 1
(xv) − = sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑦
(xvi) (𝑥 2 + 1) + 2𝑥𝑦 = √𝑥 2 + 4
𝑑𝑥
 𝑑𝑦
(xvii) 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 cot 𝑥 = 0; 𝑥 ≠ 0
𝑑𝑦
(xviii) (2𝑥 − 10𝑦 3 ) +𝑦 =0
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑥+√(1−𝑥 2 )
(xix) + 3 = (1−𝑥 2 )2
𝑑𝑥
(1−𝑥 2 )2
(xx) 𝑥(1 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑦 + (2𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑦 − 5𝑥 3 )𝑑𝑥 = 0
4. Find the particular solution of the following differential equations:
𝑑𝑦 𝜋 𝜋
(i) + 𝑦 tan 𝑥 = 3𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3 tan 𝑥 , 𝑥 ≠ 2 , given that 𝑦 = 0, 𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 3
𝑑𝑦 −𝑥
(ii) 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 1)𝑒 ; 𝑦(1) = 0
𝑑𝑦 1
(iii) 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1+𝑥 2 = 0, given that 𝑦(1) = 0
𝑑𝑦 2
(iv) − 2𝑥𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 ; 𝑦(0) = 5
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
(v) 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 0; 𝑦 = 2, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 1
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝜋
(vi) 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (2𝑥), given that when 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 2
5. Show that (𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = (𝑥 + 2𝑦)𝑑𝑥 is a homogeneous differential equation. Also find the general
solution of the given differential equation.
6. In a research experiment, the population of fruit flies grows at the rate of 20% every day.
(i) Frame a differential equation depicting the above experiment.
(ii) Find the time taken for the population to triple.
7. Birds are sensitive to microwaves that are emitted by mobile phones, which has resulted in a
decline in the bird population, especially sparrows. The population of sparrows in a certain region
is decreasing according to the following equation due to the extensive use of mobile phones.
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑘𝑦, where y represents the population of sparrows at time t(in years) and k is a constant. The
𝑑𝑡
population, which was 𝑒 10 five years ago, has decreased by 25% in that time. Find k.
(Take log 3 ≃ 1.09 𝑎𝑛𝑑 log 4 ≃ 1.38)
8. Polio drops are delivered to 50K children in a district. The rate at which polio drops are given is
directly proportional to the number of children who have not been administered the drops. By the
end of 2nd week half the children have been given the polio drops. How many will have been
given the drops by the end of 3rd week that can be estimated using the solution to the differential
𝑑𝑦
equation 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑘(50 − 𝑦), where 𝑥 denotes the number of weeks and y denotes the number of
children (in thousands) who have been given the drops.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions:
(i) Find the order and degree of the above given differential equation.
(ii) Find the solution of the differential equation.
(iii) Find the particular solution of the given differential equation, given that
y(0) = 0.
OR
nd
If by the end of 2 week half the children have been given the polio drops, how many
children will be given the drops by the end of 3rd week?
3
(Use 2−2 = 0.3535)

9. A helicopter moves on a path in such a way that at any point (𝑥, 𝑦) of the path the slope of tangent
is twice the slope of the line-segment joining the point of contact to the point(−4, −3).
Based on the above information, answer the following questions:
(i) Write a differential equation for the given situation.
(ii) Find the general solution of the differential equation of part(i).
 OR
If the helicopter passes through the point (-2,1), then write the equation of the path.

(iii) Write the name of the curve on which helicopter is moving.

10. A rumour on whatsapp spreads in a population of 5000 people at a rate proportional to the product
of the number of people who have heard it and the number of people who have not. Also, it is
given that 100 people initiate the rumour and a total of 500 people know the rumour after 2 days.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions:
𝑑𝑦
(i) Find the expression showing proportionality of .
𝑑𝑡
(ii) If y(t) denotes the number of people who know the rumour at an instant t, then find the
maximum value of y(t).
OR
Find the value of y (0).
(iii) Find the value of y at any time t.
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Answers:
1. (i) Order = 2, Degree = not defined
(ii) Order = 2, Degree = 1
(iii) Order = 2, Degree = 1
(iv) Order = 2, Degree = 2
(v) Order = 1, Degree = 2
(vi) Order = 1, Degree = 2

2. (i) Order = 1, Degree = 1, Sum = 2

(ii) Order = 2, Degree = 3, Sum = 5
(iii) Order = 2, Degree = 4, Sum = 6
(iv) Order = 1, Degree = 1, Sum = 2
(v) Order = 4, Degree = 2, Sum = 6
(vi) Order = 2, Degree = 3, Sum = 5
(vii)Order = 1, Degree = 1, Sum = 2

𝑥+𝑦
3. (i) tan ( )=𝑥+𝐶
2
1 𝐶
(ii) 𝑦 = (1 − 𝑥) 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑥
𝑥3
(iii) log|𝑦| = 3𝑦 3 + 𝐶
(iv) 𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶
(v) 𝑦 = 2(𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 − 𝑥) + 𝐶
(vi) 𝑦 = 𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑥+𝑦
(vii) (𝑥 + 𝑦) − 𝑎 tan−1 ( )=𝑥+𝐶
𝑎
−1 (𝑥
(viii) 𝑦 + 1 − tan + 𝑦 + 1) = 𝐶
1 √1+𝑥 2 −1
(ix) √1 + 𝑥 2 + 2 log |√1+𝑥 2 | + √1 + 𝑦 2 = 𝐶
+1
2 2
(x) 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 𝐶𝑥
(xi) 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑒 𝐶𝑋
𝑦
(xii) sec −1 = log|𝑥| + 𝐶
𝑥
 𝑥
(xiii) 2√𝑦 + log|𝑦| = 𝐶
𝑦
(xiv) sin−1 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) = log|𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥| + 𝐶
𝑦 1
(xv) 𝑥 2 = cos (𝑥) + 𝐶
𝑥
(xvi) 𝑦(𝑥 2 + 1) = 2 √𝑥 2 + 4 + 2 log|𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 4| + 𝐶
(xvii) 𝑥𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 𝐶
(xviii) 𝑥 = 2𝑦 3 + 𝐶𝑦 −2
𝑥
−( )
𝑥 √(1−𝑥2 )
(xix) 𝑦 = + 𝐶𝑒
√(1−𝑥 2 )
(xx)𝑦 = 5𝑥 + 𝐶𝑥√1 − 𝑥 2
2𝜋 3
4. (i) 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
27
−𝑥 𝑥
(ii) 𝑦 = −𝑒 + 𝑒
−1 𝜋
(iii) 𝑥𝑦 + tan 𝑥= 4
𝑥 2 (𝑥 3
(iv) 𝑦 = 𝑒 + 5)
2𝑥
(v) 𝑦 =
1−log|𝑥|
𝑦
(vi) 2 tan (2𝑥) = log|𝑥| + 2
2𝑦+𝑥
5. log|𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 2 | − 2√3 tan−1 ( )=𝐶
√3𝑥
𝑑𝑃 𝑃
6. (i) = 5, where P is the population of fruit flies at time t. (ii) 5log 𝑒 3 days
𝑑𝑡
7. 𝑘 = −0.058

8. (i) Order = 1, Degree = 1

(ii) – log|50 − 𝑦| = 𝑘𝑥 + 𝐶
(iii)− log|50 − 𝑦| = 𝑘𝑥 − log 50
OR
(iv) 32325 children
𝑑𝑦 𝑦+3
9. (i) 𝑑𝑥 = 2 (𝑥+4)

(ii)(𝑦 + 3) = 𝐶(𝑥 + 4)2 OR (𝑦 + 3) = (𝑥 + 4)2

(iv) Parabolic path
𝑑𝑦
10. (i) = 𝑘𝑦(5000 − 𝑦)
𝑑𝑡
(ii) 5000 OR 100
𝑦
(iii) = 𝐶𝑒 5000𝑘𝑡 ; where 𝐶 = 𝑒 5000𝑐
5000−𝑦

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