Scribd
Upload
11 views

IT

The document provides an overview of computers, including their definition, functionalities, components, classifications, characteristics, and computer viruses. It explains the roles of hardware and software, details various input and output devices, and outlines the different types of computers from personal computers to supercomputers. Additionally, it discusses the nature of computer viruses and their impact on systems.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Nasef
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
11 views

IT

The document provides an overview of computers, including their definition, functionalities, components, classifications, characteristics, and computer viruses. It explains the roles of hardware and software, details various input and output devices, and outlines the different types of computers from personal computers to supercomputers. Additionally, it discusses the nature of computer viruses and their impact on systems.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Nasef
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

Information Technology

:PREPARED BY

• Eng. Ahmed Gaber

• Eng. Mahmoud Kamel


Agenda
• Computer Definition.

• Functionalities of a computer.

• Computer Components.

• Unit of Measurements

• Computers classification

• Characteristics of Computer

• Computer Viruses
Computer Definition

A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control


of instructions stored in its own memory that can accept data
(input), process the data according to specified rules, produce
information (output), and store the information for future use.

Processing devices
Input Output
devices ( ALU , CU , Register ) devices

Secondary storage
Functionalities of a computer

Any digital computer carries out five functions in gross terms:

1- takes data as input.


2- stores the data/instructions in its memory and use them when
required.
3- processes the data and converts it in to useful information.
4- generates the output.
5- controls all the above four steps.
Computer Components

Any kind of computers consists of HARDWARE AND


SOFTWARE:

1-Hardware:- Computer hardware is the collection of physical


elements that constitutes a computer system. Computer hardware
refers to the physical parts or components of a computer such as the
monitor, mouse, keyboard, computer data storage, hard drive disk
(HDD), system unit (graphic cards, sound cards, memory,
motherboard and chips), etc. all of which are physical objects that
can be touched.
Computer Components (Cont…)

* Input Devices:- Input device is any peripheral piece of computer


hardware equipment to provide data and control signals to an
information processing system such as a computer or other
information appliance.

Example of Input Devices:

1-Keyboard 2-Mouse 3-Microphone 4-Touch screen


5-Scanner 6-Webcam 7-Touchpads 8-Cameras
9-Pen Input 10-Barcode reader 11-Joystick
Computer Components (Cont…)

* Central Processing Unit (CPU):- A CPU is brain of a computer. It


is responsible for all functions and processes. Regarding computing
power, the CPU is the most important element of a computer system.

The CPU is comprised of three main parts:


* Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU). Executes all arithmetic and logical
operations. Arithmetic calculations like as addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division. Logical operation like compare numbers,
letters, or special characters.
* Control Unit (CU). controls and coordinates computer components.
*Registers. Stores the data that is to be executed next, "very fast
storage area".
Computer Components (Cont…)

*Primary Memory:

1.RAM: Random Access Memory (RAM) is a memory


scheme within the computer system responsible for storing
data on a temporary basis.

2. ROM: Read Only Memory (ROM) is a permanent form


of storage
Computer Components (Cont…)

* Secondary Memory:
1. Hard drive (HD): A hard disk is part of a unit, often called a "disk drive," "hard
drive," or "hard disk drive," that store and provides relatively quick access to large
amounts of data on an electromagnetically charged surface or set of surfaces.

2. Optical Disk: an optical disc drive (ODD) is a disk drive that uses laser light as
part of the process of reading or writing data to or from optical discs.

3. Flash Disk: A storage module made of flash memory chip.


Computer Components (Cont…)

* Output devices:- An output device is any piece of computer hardware


equipment used to communicate the results of data processing carried out by an
information processing system (such as a computer) which converts the
electronically generated information into human-readable form.

Example on Output Devices:


1.Monitor
2.LCD Projection Panels
3.Printers (all types)
4.Computer Output Microfilm (COM)
5.Plotters
6.Speaker(s)
7.Projector
Computer Components (Cont…)

2-Software:- Software is a generic term for organized collections of


computer data and instructions, often broken into two major
Categories.

* Software Types:

A. System software : is responsible for controlling, integrating, and


managing the individual hardware components of a computer system
so that other software and the users of the system see it
B. Application software : is used to accomplish specific tasks other
than just running the computer system
Unit of Measurements

Storage measurements: The basic unit used in computer data storage


is called a bit (binary digit). Computers use these little bits, which are
composed of ones and zeros.

Computer Storage units:


or 1 0 BIT Bit
bytes 1024 KB Kilobyte
kilobytes 1024 MB Megabyte
megabytes 1024 GB Gigabyte
gigabytes 1024 TB Terabyte
Computers classification

• Personal computer: A small, single-user computer based on a microprocessor. In


addition to the microprocessor, a personal computer has a keyboard for entering
data, a monitor for displaying information.

• workstation : A powerful, single-user computer. A workstation is like a personal


computer, but it has a more powerful microprocessor and a higher-quality monitor.

• minicomputer : A multi-user computer capable of supporting from 10 to hundreds


of users simultaneously.

• mainframe : A powerful multi-user computer capable of supporting many


hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously.

• supercomputer : An extremely fast computer that can perform hundreds of


millions of instructions per second.
Characteristics of Computer

1-Speed: The computer can process data very fast, at the rate of millions of
instructions per second. Some calculations that would have taken hours
and days to complete otherwise.
2- Accuracy: Computer provides a high degree of accuracy. For example, the
computer can accurately give the result of division of any two numbers up to 10
decimal places.
3-Diligence: When used for a longer period of time, the computer does not get
tired or fatigued. It can perform long and complex calculations with the same speed
and accuracy from the start till the end.
4-Storage Capability: Large volumes of data and information can be stored in
the computer and also retrieved whenever required. A limited amount of data can
be stored, temporarily, in the primary memory. Secondary storage devices like
floppy disk and compact disk can store a large amount of data permanently.
Computer Viruses

Viruses: A virus is a small piece of software that piggybacks on real programs.


For example, a virus might attach itself to a program such as a spreadsheet program.

1-E-mail viruses: An e-mail virus travels as an attachment to e-mail messages,


and usually replicates itself by automatically mailing itself to dozens of people in
the victim's e-mail address book.

2-Trojan horses: A Trojan horse is simply a computer program. The program


claims to do one thing (it may claim to be a game) but instead does damage when
you run it (it may erase your hard disk).

3-Worms: A worm is a small piece of software that uses computer networks and
security holes to replicate itself. A copy of the worm scans the network for an
other machine that has a specific security hole.
For Any Question you can send mail to

[email protected]
[email protected]
Thank you

You might also like