A.

1 RL Circuit Manual Computations:

RL Series Circuit: When Frequency is Varied

f =60 Hz L=50 mH f =5 0 0 Hz L=50 mH f =10 00 Hz L=50 mH

X L = jωL X L = jωL X L = jωL
−3 −3 −3
X L = j 2 π (60)(50 × 10 ) X L = j 2 π (50 0)(50 ×10 ) X L = j 2 π (10 00)(50 ×10 )
X L = j 18.85 Ω X L = j 157.08Ω X L = j 315.16 Ω

Z=R+ X L Z=R+ X L Z=R+ X L

Z=1200+ j 18.85 Ω Z=1200+ j 1 57.08Ω Z=1200+ j 315.16 Ω

V RMS √ 2 V RMS √ 2 V RMS √ 2

I= I= I=
Z Z Z
3 √2 3 √2 3 √2
I= I= I=
1200+ j 18.85 Ω 1200+ j 157.08 Ω 1200+ j 315.16 Ω
I =0.0035 ∠−0.90 ° A I =0.0035 ∠−7.46 ° A I =0.003 42 ∠−14.67 ° A

V R=IR V R=IR V R=IR

V R=(0.0035 ∠−0.9 0° )(1200) V R=(0.0035 ∠−07.46 ° A)(1200)
V R=(0.00342 ∠−14.67 °)(1200)
V R=4.24 ∠−0.90 ° V V R=4.24 ∠−7.46 ° V V R=4.1 ∠−14.67 ° V

V L=I X L V L=I X L V L=I X L

V L=(0.0035 ∠−0.90 °)( j18.8 5)V L=(0.0035 ∠−7.46 °)( j1 57.08)
V L=(0.00342 ∠−14.67° )( j315.16)
V L=0.066 ∠ 89.1° V V L=0.55 ∠ 82.54 ° V V L=1.07 ∠ 75.33 ° V

f =10000 Hz L=50 mH f =10000 0 Hz L=50 mH

X L = jωL X L = jωL
−3 −3
X L = j 2 π (1000 0)(50 ×10 ) X L = j 2 π (10000 0)(50 ×10 )
X L = j 3141.59Ω X L = j 31415 . 92 Ω

Z=R+ X L Z=R+ X L
Z=1200+ j 3141.59 Ω Z=1200+ j 31415 . 9 2Ω

V RMS √ 2 V RMS √ 2
I= I=
Z Z
3 √2 3 √2
I= I=
1200+ j 3141.59 Ω 1200+ j 31415 . 92 Ω
I =0.00 125 ∠−69.1° A I =0.001 34 ∠−87.81 ° A

V R=IR V R=IR
V R=(0.00 125 ∠−69.1 °)(1200)V R=(0.00 134 ∠−87.81 ° )(1200)
V R=1.51 ∠−69.9° V V R=0. 1 6 ∠−87.81° V

V L=I X L V L=I X L
 V L=(0.00 125 ∠−69.9° )( j3141.59)
V L=(0.00 134 ∠−87.81 °)( j31415 . 9)
V L=0.397 ∠20.91 ° V V L=4.23 ∠ 2.18 ° V

RL Series Circuit: When Inductance is Varied

f =2000 Hz L=20 mH f =2000 Hz L=4 0 mH f =2000 Hz L=6 0 mH

X L = jωL X L = jωL X L = jωL
−3 −3 −3
X L = j 2 π (2000)(20 × 10 ) X L = j 2 π (2000)(4 0 ×10 ) X L = j 2 π (2000)(6 0× 10 )
X L = j 251.33 Ω X L = j 502.65Ω X L = j 753.98Ω

Z=R+ X L Z=R+ X L Z=R+ X L

Z=1200+ j 251.33 Ω Z=1200+ j 502.65 Ω Z=1200+ j 753.98 Ω

V RMS √ 2 V RMS √ 2 V RMS √ 2

I= I= I=
Z Z Z
3 √2 3 √2 3 √2
I= I= I=
1200+ j 251.33 Ω 1200+ j 502.65 Ω 1200+ j 753.98 Ω
I =0.0034 ∠−11.82° A I =0.003 3 ∠−22.73° A I =0.003 0 ∠−32.14 ° A

V R=IR V R=IR V R=IR

V R=(0.003 4 ∠−11.82°)(1200)V R=(0.003 4 ∠−11.82°)(1200)V R=(0.003 4 ∠−11.82°)(1200)
V R=4.15∠−11.82 ° V V R=3.91 ∠−22.73° V V R=3. 59 ∠−32.14 ° V

V L=I X L V L=I X L V L=I X L

V L=(0.003 4 ∠−11.82 ° )( j18.8 V
5)L=(0.003 3 ∠−22.73° )( j502.65)
V L=(0.003 ∠−32.14 ° )( j 753.98)
V L=0.87 ∠ 78.17 °V V L=1.64 ∠ 67.27 °V V L=2.57 ∠ 57.86 ° V

f =2000 Hz L=8 0 mH f =2000 Hz L=10 0 mH

X L = jωL X L = jωL
−3 −3
X L = j 2 π (2000)(8 0× 10 ) X L = j 2 π (2000)(10 0 × 10 )
X L = j 1005.31Ω X L = j 1256.64 Ω

Z=R+ X L Z=R+ X L
Z=1200+ j 1005.31 Ω Z=1200+ j 1256.64 Ω

V RMS √ 2 V RMS √ 2
I= I=
Z Z
3 √2 3 √2
I= I=
1200+ j 1005.31Ω 1200+ j 1256.64 Ω
I =0.003 ∠−39.95 ° A I =0.002 ∠−46.32 ° A

V R=IR V R=IR
V R=(0.003 ∠−39.95° )(1200) V R=(0.002 ∠−46.32° )(1200)
 V R=3.25 ∠−32.14 ° V V R=2.93 ∠−46.32 ° V

V L=I X L V L=I X L
V L=(0.003 ∠−32.14 ° )( j 1005.31Ω)
V L=(0.002 ∠−46.32 °)( j1256.64 Ω)
V L=2.72 ∠ 50.05 ° V V L=3.07 ∠ 43.68 °V

RL Parallel Circuit: When Frequency is Varied

f =60 Hz L=50 mH f =500 Hz L=50 mH f =1000 Hz L=50 mH

X L = jωL X L = jωL X L = jωL
−3 −3 −3
X L = j 2 π (60)(50 × 10 ) X L = j 2 π (50 0)(50 ×10 ) X L = j 2 π (100 0)(5 0 ×10 )
X L = j 18.85 Ω X L = j 157.08 Ω X L = j 314.16 Ω

Z=R ∣∣ X L Z=R ∣∣ X L Z=R ∣∣ X L

Z=1200 ∣∣ j18.85 Ω Z=1200 ∣∣ j157.08 Ω Z=1200 ∣∣ j314.16 Ω
Z=0.29+ j18.85 Ω Z=20.22+ j 154.43 Ω Z=76.97+ j294.01 Ω

V RMS √ 2 V RMS √ 2 V RMS √ 2

I= I= I=
Z Z Z
3 √2 3 √2 3 √2
I= I= I=
0.29+ j 18.85 Ω 20.22+ j 154.43 Ω 76.97+ j 294.01 Ω
I =0.225 ∠−89.1 ° A I =0.004 ∠−7.46 ° A I =0.014 ∠−75.33 ° A

V R=V S=3 √ 2 V R=V S=3 √ 2V V R=V S=3 √ 2V

V R=4.2426 ∠ 0 °V V R=4.2426 ∠ 0 °V V R=4.2426 ∠ 0 °V

V L=V S=3 √ 2 V L=V S=3 √ 2 V V L=V S=3 √ 2 V

V L=4.2426 ∠ 0 ° V V L=4.2426 ∠ 0 ° V V L=4.2426 ∠ 0 ° V

f =10000 Hz L=50 mH f =100000 Hz L=50 mH

X L = jωL X L = jωL
−3 −3
X L = j 2 π (100 0 0)(50 ×10 ) X L = j 2 π (1000 0 0)(50 ×10 )
X L = j 3141.59 Ω X L = j 31215.92 Ω

Z=R ∣∣ X L Z=R ∣∣ X L
Z=1200 ∣∣ j3141.59 Ω Z=1200 ∣∣ j31215.92 Ω
Z=1047.21+ j 400.01 Ω Z=1198.25+ j 45.77 Ω

V RMS √ 2 V RMS √ 2
I= I=
Z Z
3 √2 3 √2
I= I=
76.97+ j 294.01 Ω 1198.25+ j 45.77 Ω
 I =1047.21+ j 400.01 Ω I =0.004 ∠−2.19 ° A

V R=V S=3 √ 2V V R=V S=3 √ 2V

V R=4.2426 ∠ 0 °V V R=4.2426 ∠ 0 °V

V L=V S=3 √ 2 V V L=V S=3 √ 2 V

V L=4.2426 ∠ 0 ° V V L=4.2426 ∠ 0 ° V

RL Parallel Circuit: When Inductance is Varied

f =2000 Hz L=20 mH f =2000 Hz L=40 mH f =2000 Hz L=60 mH

X L = jωL X L = jωL X L = jωL
−3 −3 −3
X L = j 2 π (2000)(20 × 10 ) X L = j 2 π (2000)(40 ×10 ) X L = j 2 π (2000)(60× 10 )
X L = j 251.33 Ω X L = j 502.65Ω X L = j 753.98Ω

Z=R+ X L Z=R+ X L Z=R+ X L

Z=1200 ∣∣ j251.33 Ω Z=1200 ∣∣ j502.65 Ω Z=1200 ∣∣ j753.98 Ω
Z=50.43+ j 240.77 Ω Z=179.12+ j 427.62 Ω Z=339.65+ j540.57 Ω

V RMS √ 2 V RMS √ 2 V RMS √ 2

I= I= I=
Z Z Z
3 √2 3 √2 3 √2
I= I= I=
50.43+ j 240.77 Ω 179.12+ j 427.62 Ω 339.65+ j 540.57 Ω
I =0.017 ∠−78.17 ° A I =0.009 ∠−67.27 ° A I =0.007 ∠−57.86 ° A

V R=V S=3 √ 2V V R=V S=3 √ 2V V R=V S=3 √ 2V

V R=4.2426 ∠ 0 °V V R=4.2426 ∠ 0 °V V R=4.2426 ∠ 0 °V

V L=V S=3 √ 2 V V L=V S=3 √ 2 V V L=V S=3 √ 2 V

V L=4.2426 ∠ 0 ° V V L=4.2426 ∠ 0 ° V V L=4.2426 ∠ 0 ° V

f =2000 Hz L=80 mH f =2000 Hz L=100 mH

X L = jωL X L = jωL
−3 −3
X L = j 2 π (2000)(80× 10 ) X L = j 2 π (2000)(100 × 10 )
X L = j 1005.31Ω X L = j 1256.64 Ω

Z=R+ X L Z=R+ X L
Z=1200 ∣∣ j1005.31 Ω Z=1200 ∣∣ j1256.64 Ω
Z=494.88+ j590.72 Ω Z=627.65+ j599.36 Ω
 V RMS √ 2 V RMS √ 2
I= I=
Z Z
3 √2 3 √2
I= I=
494.88+ j 590.72 Ω 627.65+ j 599.36 Ω
I =0.006 ∠−50.05 ° A I =0.005 ∠−43.68 ° A

V R=V S=3 √ 2V V R=V S=3 √ 2V

V R=4.2426 ∠ 0 °V V R=4.2426 ∠ 0 °V

V L=V S=3 √ 2 V V L=V S=3 √ 2 V

V L=4.2426 ∠ 0 ° V V L=4.2426 ∠ 0 ° V