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Bar Chart and pie Chart j(methods of presenting data)

The document explains bar charts and their construction rules, highlighting their use in representing discrete variables and categorical data. It details the components of bar charts, provides examples of data representation, and discusses applications in various fields. Additionally, it introduces pie charts, their characteristics, and includes examples of data representation using both bar and pie charts.

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appitog5
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1 views

Bar Chart and pie Chart j(methods of presenting data)

The document explains bar charts and their construction rules, highlighting their use in representing discrete variables and categorical data. It details the components of bar charts, provides examples of data representation, and discusses applications in various fields. Additionally, it introduces pie charts, their characteristics, and includes examples of data representation using both bar and pie charts.

Uploaded by

appitog5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Bar Chart

Bar diagrams are used to represent and compare the frequency distribution of discrete variables
and attributes or categorical series. When we represent data using bar diagram, all the bars must
have equal width and the distance between bars must be equal. Bar charts may be used to display
discrete or qualitative data.

There are different types o f bar diagrams, the most important one s are:

Simple bar chart: It is a one-dimensional diagram in which the bar represents the whole of the
magnitude. The height or length of each bar indicates the size (frequency) of the figure
represented.

Rules for Constructing Bar Charts

When constructing bar charts, the following rules should be observed to ensure clarity and
accuracy:

 Consistency of Bar Width: All bars should be of equal width.


 Uniform Gaps between Bars: The bars should not touch each other to prevent confusion
with histograms.
 Proper Scaling: Ensure that the axes are properly scaled and that the intervals between
the ticks on the axes are equal.
 Clear Labels: Label each axis with the appropriate units and categories for clarity.
 Title and Key: Provide a clear title for the chart and a legend or key if necessary (for
example, when multiple datasets are represented)

100

80

60

40

20

Not immunized Partially immunized Fully immunized


0
Immunization status
The key components of a bar chart include:

 Bars: Rectangular bars with heights or lengths corresponding to the value of each
category.
 Intervals: Equal gaps between the bars to distinguish them clearly.
 Axes:
o Horizontal Axis (X-axis): Represents the categories or units being measured.
o Vertical Axis (Y-axis): Represents the frequency, relative frequency, or
percentage associated with each category.

QUESTION 1

Fifty household were surveyed, and the number of children in each family was recorded as
follows:

Children in Family Frequency


0 8
1 11
2 17
3 8
4 5
5 1

Represent this data by means of a bar chart.

QUESTION 2

The numbers of large appliances sold by an electrical retailer during one day were:

Washing machine 35 Cookers 28

Televisions 38 Video Recorders 12

Refrigerators 21
Illustrate this data by means of a bar chart.

QUESTION 3

The goals scored in 38 football league matches on Saturday 24 February 2025

Number of goals in match 0 1 2 3 4 5


Number of matches 3 6 10 12 5 2

Applications of Bar Charts

Bar charts are used in various fields to represent categorical data, including:

 Business & Marketing: Comparing sales figures across different product categories or
sales regions.
 Education: Representing enrollment numbers across various subjects or courses.
 Health & Medicine: Comparing the frequency of different diseases or conditions in a
population.
 Social Sciences: Displaying demographic data, such as population distribution across age
groups.

Pie-chart (qualitative or quantitative discrete data): it is a circle divided into sectors so that the
areas of the sectors are proportional to the frequencies or Pie charts represent data as a circular
"pie," divided into slices. Each slice represents a proportion of the whole.
 Pie charts are useful for showing parts of a whole, typically in percentage form.
 Example: A pie chart showing the market share of different companies

FI3 NI3
7% 6%
Example
Represent by a pie chart the following data.
The mode of transport of 90 students into college was found to be:
walking 12
cycling 8
bus 26
train 33
Car 11
Total 90

Represent this data by means of a pie chart.


Angle= (Frequency/Total Frequency) ×360∘
Percentage = (Frequency/Total Frequency) ×100
A circle has 3600.Divide this by 90 to give 40.This is then the angle of the pie chart that
represents each individual person.
Since 12 people walk to college, they will be represented by 12 x 4 0=480

Similarly for the others:


Angel in pie chart
walking 12 x 4 0=480
cycling 8 x 4 0=320
bus 26 x 4 0=1040
train 33 x 4 0=1320
car 11 x 4 0=440
total =3600

Question 1

A group of 500 students was surveyed about their preferred study location. The results are as
follows:
Study Location Frequency
Library 150
Classroom 120
Coffee Shop 80
Home 100
Outdoor 50

Tasks: a) Draw a pie chart to represent the data. b) Find the angle corresponding to the “Home”
study location. c) What is the percentage of students who prefer studying at a coffee shop?

Question 2

The survey results of 400 employees regarding their preferred mode of transport to work are
shown below:

Mode of Transport Frequency


Walking 100
Bus 150
Car 80
Bicycle 70

Tasks: a) Draw a pie chart to represent the data. b) Find the angle for the mode of transport
“Car”. c) What is the percentage of employees who use the bus?

Question 3

In 2025, in the Botswana, there were 4500000 people employed in manufacturing. of


these,600000 were in the food industry,650000 were in mechanical engineering,500000 in
electronic engineering and 400000 in printing. Identify the remainder as other industries and
draw a pie chart to represent this information

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