Input devices

Lesson Objectives

Students will learn about:

▪ Input devices and its working in detail.
▪ How are sensors used in monitoring and control applications
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Scanner

Printed document
Images

There are two types of scanners: 2D scanners and 3D scanners.

 2D Scanner

The panel is raised, the

A scan head moves
document is placed on Image is focused and
across the document
the glass and the cover is falls on a CCD and is
until the whole page
closed. A bright light converted to
has been scanned and
illuminates the electronic form.
an image is produced.
document.

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3D Scanner

▪ A 3D-scanner scans solid objects and a three-dimensional image

representing the object is produced.
▪ Several images at various three-dimensional coordinates of the object
are taken by the scanner.
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Barcode Data

reader

Guard bar
Left-hand Right-hand
Side of barcode Side of barcode
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Barcode reader

▪ A barcode is a series of dark and light parallel lines of varying thickness.

▪ The numbers 0 to 9 are each represented by a unique series of lines.
▪ Various barcode methods for representing these digits exist. Universal
Product Code (UPC) defines a standard to represent each digit using
bars.
▪ The most common application of barcodes is storing product
information.
Barcode reader

Light is After
This data
reflected scanning, a
identifies
back off pattern is
The barcode is the stock
the generated
first read by a item and
barcode. and
red LED or laser. price
Dark areas: converted
details are
no light to digital
reflected sent to POS
data

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QR code reader

QR code is made up
of a matrix of filled-in
squares on a light
background. Dat
a
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QR code reader

▪ QR codes can store up to 7000 digits whereas normal barcodes can

only store 30 digits.
▪ With Internet access, QR codes can be scanned anywhere.
▪ They are widely used for advertising products on public transport or in
public areas like malls.
▪ This code contains a website link or an advertisement.
QR code reader

The QR code is Phone number or

QR code is scanned
analysed. advertisement
using phone’s
(Internet appears on a smart
camera
connectivity) device’s screen

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Digital camera
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Digital camera
▪ Digital cameras have replaced traditional cameras because of
their many advantages.
▪ Traditional cameras require film and the photos must be
developed and printed.
▪ These cameras can be connected to a computer using USB,
Wi-Fi or Bluetooth connectivity and the photos and videos can
be transferred in seconds.
▪ Unwanted photos or videos can be deleted.
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Digital camera
▪ Digital cameras have a microprocessor to automatically adjust
the shutter speed, focus the image, operate the flash, adjust
the aperture size, adjust the size of the image, remove ‘red eye’
when the flash has been used, and many more functionalities.
▪ The number of pixels in a light-sensitive cell of a camera
determines the amount of memory the photo captured will
occupy.
▪ The memory occupied by the photo can be reduced by
reducing its resolution.
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Keyboard

Text
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Keyboard
▪ Each character has a unique ASCII code.
▪ When a key is pressed, it is converted into a digital signal, which
the computer interprets.
▪ Frequent use of keyboards can lead to Repetitive Strain Injury
(RSI) in hands and wrists.
▪ Ergonomic keyboards are used to overcome this problem. This
kind of keyboard supports the wrists and hands for users who
do a lot of typing.
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Pointing devices

Pointing
Selection
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Pointing devices
▪ The traditional form of a mouse has a mechanical ball
arrangement that is connected to the computer using a USB
port.
▪ This mouse has been replaced with the optical mouse, which
uses a red light to detect motion in the 2D coordinates.
▪ A mouse requires a desk space or flat surface for movement. A
smooth, non-reflective surface is also required.
▪ A mouse consists of buttons for selection and a scroll wheel for
movement up and down the screen.
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Microphone

Sound

Speech recognition systems have enabled disabled people to

communicate with computers.
Microphone

Microphone has a
diaphragm that Signal sent to Converted to
vibrates to produce sound card binary values
an electrical signal

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Voice recognition systems

▪ Used in security systems.
▪ It has software to compare the wave pattern of the sound from the
user to the wave pattern stored in its memory.
▪ If the two wave patterns match, then the user is identified and
given access to the system.
▪ These systems are also used to give commands in cars, such as
‘switch on GPS’, ‘open the window’, etc.
Speech recognition systems

The phonemes
The sound wave is The software are compared
converted into breaks the digital with the built-in
digital form by a values into dictionary and
sound card phonemes then the word is
recognised

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Touchscreen

Pointing
Selection

There are three types of mobile phone screens: capacitive, infrared and
resistive.
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Capacitive Infrared Resistive

An upper layer of
What is it Many layers of glass
Glass polyester and a
made of? that act as capacitors
bottom layer of glass
Due to changes in Heat-sensitive: Needs When the polyester
electric current when a warm object to give layer is touched, both
the glass layer is input layers connect and
How does it touched, the Optical: An array of complete the circuit.
work? coordinates where it sensors in the form The microprocessor
has been touched is of a grid determine interprets the signal
sent to the the coordinates and determines the
microprocessor touched coordinates.
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Capacitive Infrared Resistive

Medium-cost, good Relatively inexpensive

screen visibility Multi-touch capability technology.
(even in bright and durability. Gloved
Advantages sunlight), fingers and stylus can Bare fingers, gloved
multi-touch be used to provide input fingers and stylus can
capability and for optical systems. be used to provide
durable input.

Poor screen visibility in

Incorrectly trigger
bright sunlight
Bare fingers and commands
certain stylus can Does not permit
Disadvantages Relatively expensive
only be used for multi-touch capability
input Sensitive to water and The screen is not
moisture
durable.
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Sensors

Analogue
data

(Analogue to Digital
Converter)

Sensors are devices that can read physical quantities such as temperature,
light, motion and so on.
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Sensors Sensor Application

Controlling a heating system and
Temperature temperature of a chemical process in a
▪ Physical quantities factory
are analogue in Detect changes in weight or monitor gas
Pressure
nature. pressure
Switching on street lights at night and
▪ For the computer to Light switching them off in the day
interpret these
values, an Counting numbers of people entering
Motion and leaving a space
analogue-to-digital
converter (ADC) is Detect footsteps of an intruder in a
used. Sound burglar alarm system