ECE 543

Communication III
Dr Mamdouh Gouda
Dr. Ashraf Samy
Lecture 7
 Code Division Multiple Access System
Problems
Note: In some of the following problems the number of users
(K) and the sequence length (N) are required to be calculated.
The students must approximate the obtained results of K and N
to nearest integer number.

Problem (1):
A total of 28 equal-power users are to share a common
communication channel by asynchronous CDMA. Each user
transmits information at a rate of 10 kbits/s via DS spread spectrum
and binary PSK. The signal energy to noise ratio is assumed to be
𝐸𝑏 Τ𝑁0 = 10 dB. Determine the minimum chip rate to obtain a bit
error probability of 1072 ∗ 10−6 .
Dr Ashraf Samy Communication 3
 Code Division Multiple Access System
Solution problem (1) :

−𝟏
𝑵𝟎 𝑲 − 𝟏
𝑷𝒆 = 𝑸 +
𝟐𝑬𝒃 𝟑𝑵

𝑷𝒆
−𝟏
𝟏 𝟐𝟖 − 𝟏
=𝑸 +
𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎 𝟑𝑵

Dr Ashraf Samy Communication 3

 Code Division Multiple Access System
Continue Solution problem (1) :
−𝟏
𝟏 𝟗
𝑷𝒆 = 𝑸 + = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟕𝟐
𝟐𝟎 𝑵

−𝟏
𝟏 𝟗
+ = 𝟐. 𝟑
𝟐𝟎 𝑵

1 9
+ = 0.4348
20 𝑁
1 9 9
+ =0.1891 =0.1391
20 𝑁 𝑁
9 𝑅𝑐
𝑁= =64.7≈ 65 𝑁=
0.1391 𝑅𝑏
𝑅𝑐 = 𝑁 × 𝑅𝑏 =65×10=650kchip/sec
Dr Ashraf Samy Communication 3
 Code Division Multiple Access System
Problem (2):

Asynchronous CDMA system is designed based on DS spread

spectrum with a processing gain of 1000 and binary PSK
modulation. Determine the number of users if each user has
equal power and the desired level of performance is an error
probability of 10−4 at signal energy to noise ratio 𝐸𝑏 Τ𝑁0 equals
10 dB. Repeat the computation if the processing gain is changed
to 500.

Dr Ashraf Samy Communication 3

 Code Division Multiple Access System
Solution problem (2) : −𝟏
𝑵𝟎 𝑲 − 𝟏
𝑷𝒆 = 𝑸 +
𝟐𝑬𝒃 𝟑𝑵
−𝟏
𝟏 𝑲
𝑷𝒆 = 𝑸 +
𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
−𝟏
𝟏 𝑲
𝑷𝒆 = 𝑸 + = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏
𝟐𝟎 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎
−1
1 𝐾
+ = 3.7
20 3000

Dr Ashraf Samy Communication 3

 Code Division Multiple Access System
Continue Solution problem (2) :

𝟏 𝑲
+ = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟕𝟎𝟑
𝟐𝟎 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎

𝟏 𝑲
+ =0.0731
𝟐𝟎 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎

𝑲 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟑𝟏 × 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 𝟔𝟗. 𝟑 ≈ 𝟔𝟗 𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒔

Dr Ashraf Samy Communication 3

Problem (3):Code Division Multiple Access System
Asynchronous CDMA system consists of 16 equal-power users that
transmit information at a rate of 10,000 bits/s, each using a DS
spread spectrum signal operating at a chip rate of 1 MHz. The
modulation is binary PSK. In presence of broadband jamming, find
the following:
a. What is the processing gain?
b. Determine the bit error probability (𝑃𝑒 ) at 𝐸𝑏 Τ𝐽0 = 15 dB,
where 𝐽0 is the spectral density of the combined interference (𝑁𝑗
+ 𝑁0 ).
c. How much should the processing gain be increased to allow for
doubling the number of users without affecting 𝑃𝑒 and 𝐸𝑏 Τ𝐽0 ?
Dr Ashraf Samy Communication 3
 Code Division Multiple Access System
Solution problem (3) : −1
𝑁0 𝐾 − 1 𝑁𝑗
𝑃𝑒 = 𝑄 + +
2𝐸𝑏 3𝑁 2𝐸𝑏

𝑹𝒄 𝟏𝟎𝟔
𝑵= = 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝑹𝒃 𝟏𝟎
−1
𝐽0 𝐾−1
𝑃𝑒 = 𝑄 +
2𝐸𝑏 3𝑁

−1
1 15
𝑃𝑒 = 𝑄 +
2 × 31.6228 300
Dr Ashraf Samy Communication 3
 Code Division Multiple Access System
Continue Solution problem (1) :
−𝟏
𝑷𝒆 = 𝑸 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟓𝟖 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓

𝑷𝒆 = 𝑸 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓𝟔𝟓 −𝟏

𝑷𝒆 = 𝑸 𝟑. 𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟔

𝑷𝒆 = 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟓

Dr Ashraf Samy Communication 3

 Code Division Multiple Access System
Continue Solution problem (1) :
−1
𝐽0 𝐾−1
𝑃𝑒 = 𝑄 +
2𝐸𝑏 3𝑁
−1
1 31
𝑃𝑒 = 𝑄 + =5 × 10−5
2×31.6228 3𝑁
−1
1 31
+ = 3.9
2 × 31.6228 3𝑁
1 31
+ =0.2564
2×31.6228 3𝑁
1 31
+ = 0.0657
2 × 31.6228 3𝑁
31 31
=0.0499 N= =207.0808≈ 207
3𝑁 3×0.0499
Dr Ashraf Samy Communication 3
 Code Division Multiple Access System
Problem (4):
The following figure illustrates the theoretical performance of
asynchronous CDMA system over Gaussian channel and
different numbers of users, K, are used. The sequence length is
fixed at N chips.
(a)Evaluate the sequence length (N) of the CDMA system
according to the values of bit error probability (𝑃𝑒 ), number
of users (K) and the signal energy to noise ratio
𝐸𝑏 Τ𝑁0 shown in the given figure.
Hint: let K=10, and 𝐸𝑏 Τ𝑁0 = 10 dB.
(a)Discus and explain the effect of number of users K on the
performance of the system at 𝐸𝑏 Τ𝑁0 = 10dB.
Dr Ashraf Samy Communication 3
 Code Division Multiple Access System

Dr Ashraf Samy Communication 3

 Code Division Multiple Access System
Solution problem (4) :
−1
𝑁0 𝐾 − 1
𝑃𝑒 = 𝑄 +
2𝐸𝑏 3𝑁
−1
1 9
𝑃𝑒 = 𝑄 + =8× 10−4
2×10 3𝑁
−1
1 3
+ = 3.2
20 𝑁
1 3
+ =0.3125
20 𝑁
1 3
+ = 0.0977
20 𝑁
3 3
=0.0477 N= =62.8≈ 63
𝑁 0.0477
Dr Ashraf Samy Communication 3
 Code Division Multiple Access System
Problem (5):
Asynchronous CDMA spread spectrum system with 19 equal-
power users that transmit information at a rate of 1000 bits/s in the
presence of a broadband jammer. The sequence length N equals 31.
The jammer power is 20 dB greater than the desired signal, and the
required 𝐸𝑏 Τ𝑁𝑗 to achieve satisfactory performance is 10 dB.
(Additive noise at the receiver may be ignored in this computation).
a. Determine the spreading bandwidth required to meet the
specifications.
b. If the jammer is a partial band jammer with frequency domain
duty cycle 𝛿 = 0.25 determine the corresponding probability of
error.
Dr Ashraf Samy Communication 3
 Code Division Multiple Access System
Solution problem (5) :
−1
𝑁𝑗 𝐾−1
𝑃𝑒 = 𝑄 +
2𝐸𝑏 3𝑁

−1
1 18
𝑃𝑒 = 𝑄 +
2 × 10 3 × 31

−1
𝑃𝑒 = 𝑄 186.05

𝑃𝑒 = 𝑄 13.64 −1

𝑃𝑒 = 𝑄 0.0733
Dr Ashraf Samy 𝑃𝑒 = 0.46 Communication 3
 Code Division Multiple Access System
𝑱𝒂𝒗 − 𝑷𝒂𝒗 = 𝟐𝟎dB
𝑱𝒂𝒗
=20dB=100 absolute
𝑷𝒂𝒗

𝑬𝒃 𝑷𝒂𝒗 𝑻𝒃 𝑷𝒂𝒗 𝑾𝑷𝒂𝒗 𝑾

= = = = = 𝟏𝟎
𝑵𝒋 𝑵𝒋 𝑹𝒃 (𝑱𝒂𝒗 /𝑾) 𝑹𝒃 𝑱𝒂𝒗 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝑹𝒃

W=100*1000*10=1 MHz

−𝟏
𝑵𝒋 𝑲−𝟏
𝑷𝒆 = 𝑸 +
𝟐𝑬𝒃 𝜹 𝟑𝑵

Dr Ashraf Samy Communication 3

Dr Ashraf Samy Communication 3
 Any
Question

Dr Ashraf Samy Dr Mamdouh Gouda Communication 3