BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

University Prayer
Lord God of all wisdom, we pray for La Consolacion
University Philippines that she may be faithful to the
purposes of our foundresses, Mo. Rita and Venerable Mo.
Consuelo. Continue to promote the search for truth and
knowledge and be an inspiration for others to follow. May
we be a community of scholars sharing this ambition,
caring for one another and loyal to the truth revealed
to us as your disciples. Amen.
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
 ELICIT
What do you think will happen to the current and
voltage when we connect resistors in series versus
when we connect them in parallel?
 PICTURE ANALYSIS
Identify whether the following setups are in a series or parallel connection.
 LABORATORY
ACTIVITY: RESISTORS
IN SERIES & PARALLEL
CONNECTIONS
 objectives

Explain the Build simple circuits Demonstrate

relationship between using common collaboration by
current, voltage, and electrical components working together to
resistance in a series in series and parallel complete the
and parallel connections. experiment accurately
connection. and efficiently.
 PRE-LAB
Materials Needed:
Resistors (3 different values)
Jumper wires
2 AA batteries
Battery holder
Multimeter
breadboard
calculator
paper & pen
experiment paper/data sheet
 PRE-LAB
Laboratory Behavior:
No eating or drinking in the laboratory.
Maintain a quiet and focused environment to avoid unnecessary noise
that can disrupt the experiment and the concentration of your peers.
Always ask for permission before using any equipment or tools in the
laboratory.
Follow all instructions carefully and seek help if needed.
Clean Up: After completing the experiment, ensure that you clean
your work area and return all equipment to its proper storage
location.
 PRE-LAB
Safety Precautions:
Always handle electrical components carefully to avoid short circuits.
Ensure the circuit is disconnected from the power source before
adjusting components or measuring resistance.
Do not exceed the rated voltage for the resistors used.
Keep wires and components neatly arranged to avoid accidental
disconnections.
Personal Protection:
Always wear safety goggles throughout the experiment to
protect your eyes from any potential hazards.
 PRE-LAB
Theory:
 PRE-LAB
General Procedures:

1. Connect the red probe to the

VΩmA port, which is the positive
terminal of the multimeter. Then,
connect the black probe to the
COM port, which is the negative
terminal or the ground.
 PRE-LAB
General Procedures:
2. Rotate the multimeter dial to the
appropriate unit:
Voltage (V): Select DCV for direct
current or ACV for alternating current.
Resistance (Ω): Set to the ohm (Ω)
symbol.
Current (A or mA): Choose DCA or ACA
based on the current type.
 PRE-LAB
General Procedures:

3. A standard breadboard
consists of three main sections:
Power Rails (Top & Bottom
Rows)
Terminal Strips (Middle Area)
The Middle Gap
 PRE-LAB
Scoring Rubrics:
 PRE-LAB
Procedures:

Building the Series Circuit:

4. Move the switch to the multimeter
range for measuring the resistance of
the resistors. This setting is marked with
the omega (Ω) symbol. Select the
appropriate range until the reading
stabilizes.
 PRE-LAB
Procedures:
Building the Series Circuit:
5. Insert one resistor into the breadboard to measure its resistance. Label it
as R1 and record its value in Table 1 under Series Circuit.
 PRE-LAB
Procedures:

Building the Series Circuit:

6. Repeat Step 5 for the other resistors, labeling them as
R2 and R3. Record their values under Resistors in Series
Connection in Table 1.
 PRE-LAB
Procedures:
Building the Series Circuit:
You can also verify the resistance of each
resistor using the Resistor Color Coding Chart on
the right or scan the QR code below to access the
calculator.
 PRE-LAB
Procedures:
Building the Series Circuit:
7. Check the voltage value listed on the label of each battery. Since you are
using two AA batteries, add their individual voltages to find the Total Voltage.
Record the Total Voltage (Vt) on your experiment paper.
 PRE-LAB
Procedures:
Building the Series Circuit:
8. Solve for the theoretical values of Total Resistance (Rt), V1, V2, and V3
using the formulas provided for each.
 PRE-LAB
Procedures:
Building the Series Circuit:
9. Connect the three resistors and the
multimeter in series on the breadboard to get the
measured value of Total Resistance (Rt’). Note
that the MEASURED values are denoted with a
prime (apostrophe).
 PRE-LAB
Procedures:
Building the Series Circuit:
9. Connect the three resistors and the
multimeter in series on the breadboard to get the
measured value of Total Resistance (Rt’). Note
that the MEASURED values are denoted with a
prime (apostrophe).
 PRE-LAB
Procedures:

Building the Series Circuit:

10. Connect the batteries to the
series circuit, ensuring proper polarity.
The red wire should be connected to
the positive terminal, and the black
wire to the negative terminal.
 PRE-LAB
Procedures:

Building the Series Circuit:

11. Turn the switch on the multimeter
to the DC voltage (V) setting, and
select an appropriate range based on
the voltage of your battery.
 PRE-LAB
Procedures:

Building the Series Circuit:

12. Measure the voltage across each
resistor by connecting the multimeter
(voltmeter) in parallel with each
resistor. Remember, the voltmeter must
always be connected in parallel to
obtain an accurate reading.
 PRE-LAB
Procedures:
Building the Series Circuit:
13. Voltage 1' (V1') corresponds to the voltage across resistor 1,
Voltage 2' (V2') to resistor 2, and Voltage 3' (V3') to resistor 3.

R1 R2
V1' V2' R3
V3'
 PRE-LAB
Procedures:
Building the Series Circuit:
13. Voltage 1' (V1') corresponds to the voltage across resistor 1,
Voltage 2' (V2') to resistor 2, and Voltage 3' (V3') to resistor 3.

R1 R2
V1' V2' R3
V3'
 PRE-LAB
Procedures:
Building the Series Circuit:
14. Solve for the theoretical Total Voltage (Vt) using the given
formula, and record your calculation.
 PRE-LAB
Procedures:
Building the Series Circuit:
15. Connect the voltmeter
(multimeter) in parallel with the
entire circuit to measure Vt'. Place
the red probe on the positive
terminal of the battery and the
black probe on the negative
terminal. Record this value as Vt'
(measured total voltage).
 PRE-LAB
Procedures:

Building the Series Circuit:

16. Solve for the values of
I1, I2, I3, and the Total
Current (It) using the
provided formulas in the
experiment.
 PRE-LAB
Procedures:

Building the Series Circuit:

17. Measure I1', I2', I3', and Total
Current (It). Turn the dial on the
multimeter to the DC current (A or mA)
setting and select an appropriate range
based on the expected current.
 PRE-LAB
Procedures:
Building the Series Circuit:
18. Unlike a voltmeter, which is connected in parallel, an ammeter
must be connected in series to measure current. Break the circuit to
insert the ammeter in series.
 PRE-LAB
Procedures: R1
I1'
Building the Series Circuit:
For R1 (I1’): Disconnect the wire before
R1, and connect the multimeter probes
in series at that point.
For R2 (I2’): Remove the wire before
R2, and insert the multimeter probes in R2
series. I2' R3
For R3 (I3’): Remove the wire before I3'
R3, and insert the multimeter probes in
series.
 LAB
PROPER
 POST LAB

Discussion of the
results.
 POST LAB
Guide Questions:
1. How does the relationship between current, resistance,
and voltage differ in each configuration?
2. How does the total resistance in a series and a parallel
circuit compare to the resistance of individual resistors?
How does this affect the total voltage and current?
3. How did working together as a team contribute to the
accuracy and success of the experiment?
CLOSING
PRAYER
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT