Candidate Name: Class:

LUSAKA WEST DAY SECONDARY SCHOOL

END OF TERM ONE EXAM -2018

GRADE 12

CIVIC EDUCATION 2030/2

PAPER 2

APRIL, 2018 2 Hour

Marks: 100

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
 Do not open the paper until you are told to do so.
 Write your name and class in the space provided on top of this page.
 There are three sections in this paper.
 Answer ALL questions from section A.
 Answer any four questions of your choice in section B.
 Answer two question from section C. question one is compulsory.
 All answer for section A and B should be written in the space provided in this question
paper.
 Write your name and attach the separate answer sheet for section C to this paper.

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

You are advised to read carefully through the whole paper before start answering the
questions.
Remember to be neat in your work.
Cell-phones are not allowed in the examination room.

LWDSS/CVE2030/2/2018 This question paper consist of 8

Printed pages.

MARKING KEY

SECTION A [40 MARKS]

 Answer all questions in this section using one word or short phrase.

1. What is the practice of strictly adhering to the constitution? Constitutionalism [1]

2. Mr Re-run Bwalya came to live in Zambia from his country Tanzania, ten years ago. He
decided to give up his previous citizenship and took oath of allegiance to Zambian government.
Under which condition did he qualify to apply for the Zambian citizenship? The rule of
residence [1]
3. Mwila is a Malawian who ran away from her country because of hunger and family conflict.
She entered Zambia without a passport using a shortcut. What Zambian law has she broken?
Immigration [1]
4. In the pursuit of good governance the state endeavors to Provide good constitution [2]
5. Give three advantages of decentralisation? Reduces delays as decisions are made on the spot/
make plans and programmes more relevant to local needs and conditions/ improve co-ordination
between different government agencies in an area. [3]
6. The convention on the Right of a child is based on four principles, state any two; Interest of
the child/ participation of the child/ non-discrimination/ development [2]
7. The two main evils also contained in the Charter of Mande are slavery and hunger [1]
8. The Ant-Corruption Commission’s general fight against corruption is enshrined in the slogan
which says Promote integrity, say no to corruption [2]
9. The term ‘’Ethnocentrism’’ means. Considering ones culture to be the best than any other
culture of other society’s culture or negative attitudes towards other peoples culture other than ones
culture [2]
10. When PF government came into power in 2011, it recognized the importance of culture in the
country by creating a new ministry which would be directly with culture and traditional affairs.
What do we call this ministry? Ministry of chiefs and Traditional Affairs [2]
11. In which year was drug enforcement commission (DEC) established? 1989 [1]
12. Musa took substances which made him feel warm when in reality he was losing heat. Which of
substances did he take? Alcohol [2]
13. One of the categories of the international Convention on the Protection of the Rights of all
Migrant Workers and their families is Frontier Workers. Who are frontier workers? Those who
live in a neighbouring country to which they return daily or atleast once a week [2]
14. Olidah just bought a car from Japan. Nzaliwe who is an independent agent advises her, the
importance of insuring vehicles. She later paid for cover against all forms of risks. Which motor
vehicle policy was she advised to open? Comprehensive [1]
15. International women’s day is cerebrated on 8 March world-wide every year. Which major
th

international Human Rights instrument supports Women? Convention on the Elimination of

All forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) [2]
16. Differentiate Monist countries from Dualist countries. Monist countries regard the
domestic and international law as one and the same while the dualist countries are countries
where the international law is not directly applicable in domestic law and can only be made part
of the domestic law by an act of parliament. [2]
17. In which year did Zambia signed to the Convention of the Rights of the Child (CRC)? 1991
[1].
18. ‘Res judicata’ is a Latin phrase that means. To resolve a case so that the parties
involved do not have to go back to court [2]
19. Magistrate Jam’s daughter was brought to Nambe Magistrate court in a case she hired two men
to assort her ex-boyfriend. According to the principles of natural justice, how would judge Jam
handle the case when it is brought to him? He must recuse or excuse himself handling this
case (this to observe the principle of natural justice which state that ‘’no one must be a judge in
his own case’’) [2]
20. In the case Mulimba versus the people, Mulimba was acquitted with no case to answer
following a similar case that was disposed of in the high court under the principle of Res
Judicata. Which source of law was applied in disposing of this case? Case law [1]
21. At the University of Zambia, female students have deliberately been awarded 30% addition
admission rate into the University by Government. What action is the Government trying to
promote for the female folk at the university? Gender equity [1]
22. Yvonne is 15 years old and doing grade 12. She had problems in paying for her school fees for
term three (3). She decides to stop school and get married to Mr Siwale who is 43 years. What
offence will Mr Siwale be committing? Defilement [1]
23. What do you understand by the term ‘bigamy? Is a crime of marrying another person while still
legally married to someone else. [2]
24. Fiscal discipline means strict control of public resources. [1]
25. Mr Zulu and his wife have three children who do not go to school because the whole family
has to do piece works in order to meet their daily needs. Under which causes of poverty would
we qualify this situation? Inequality hence leads to absolute poverty [1]
26. Zambia received a technical assistance from JICA to help in the supervision of the roads works.
What do call this type of aid? Bilateral [1]

SECTION B [40 MARKS]

There are Five (5) questions in this section. Answer any four questions of your choice in the
space provided.

1. Study the map below and answer the questions that follows.

a. Explain briefly what you can do to preserve the indigenous culture of Zambia?
encourage wearing traditional attire such as misisi, chitenge etc/ -write folklores,
plays, stories and poems/ -promote expression of art in dance, music, painting and
craft,/ -encourage tradition ceremonies / encourage some common cultural practices
and societal core values [1]
b. Name the traditional ceremony practiced in area labeled X. Kuomboka ceremony[1]
c. Which month of the year is the ceremony practiced? April [1]
d. Rituals done when naming newly born baby, initiation, marriage and death are
examples of Rite of passage [1].

e. Give one importance of this traditional ceremony to the nation. contributes to re

enforcing of one’s identity and the ability to critically reflect on that identity./ leads to appreciation of Cultural
 / results to development/ Observing certain rituals/ Connection to the ancestors/ Assertion of local
traditional leadership./ Reconciling inter group conflicts./ Celebrating past war victories./ [1]
f. Why is the Zambia’s culture classified as heterogeneity? Because there exists a
variation of ethnic diversity in terms of language, traditions and customs [1]
g. Mr Ndlobvu married Inonge Sililo from region X after parents agreed and lobola paid.
What kind of marriage is? Customary or traditional marriage [1]
h. What name will be given to the children born from the marriage in (7)? Zambian
[1]
i. Give two reasons for the importance of intermarriage in Zambia. Promote unity /
leads to development/ encourages cooperation/ leads to understanding of cultural
diversity [2]
[10]

2. Civil Society refers to non-military, non-governmental and individuals whose aim is

to promote and defend the basic ideals of good governance outside the government.
In Zambia, examples of civil societies include the Foundation for Democratic Process
(FODEP), the Media Institution of Southern Africa (MISA) and Transparency
International Zambia (TIZ), among others.
a. State two characteristics of civil societies in governance issues.

 It is not guided by a regulatory frame.

 Not profit making
 Draws support from well- wishers such as donors and other institutions
 Shapes own nature of needs and interests
 Works within specific environment which determines its operation and maneuvers [tactics]
 Draws membership from formal and informal organizations and associations. [2]
b. Mention any two roles played by civil societies in governance issues.
Link between public and government/ to set an agenda/ watchdog role/ [2]
c. Identify any one civil society organization that promotes and protects women rights.

 Forum for Women Educationalists of Zambia (FAWEZA)

 National Women’s Lobby Group. (NWLG)
 Women For Change[WC]
 Women in Development
 Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA)
 Young Women Christian Association (YWCA)
 Zambia Alliance of Women (ZAW) [1]
d. Give two ways on how the cultural aspect hinder women from effectively participating
in governance? The cultural set up of the Zambian society encourages women to be
 subordinate and submissive to men. This has led most people (including some women)
to believe that women cannot make good leaders [2]
e. Why is citizen participation in governance necessary? Suggest one reason. [1]
 Government leaders would be elected by a minority of citizens who are politically
active to govern over the inactive majority.
 A democratic society should be based on majority rule.
 Poor government policies may go unchecked.
 Citizens remain ignorant of government policies and intentions.
 Leaders of low calibre may find it easy to corrupt the few politically active citizens and
win elections.
 Government leaders will not be held accountable
f. State two conditions necessary for establishing a civil society in any country. [2]
 Favourable laws which permit and respect the freedom of association and
expression.
 A government which respects and accepts the views of opponents and minority
groups.
 Citizens who accept opposing views in a democratic society, and the need for
negotiation and compromise within the framework of the laws of the nation.
 A pro-active population willing to participate in community and national activities
because where there is apathy, civil society organisations may not flourish.
 The existence of a specific problem that may encourage individuals to form a civil
society organisation to address that particular issue
[2]

3. Study the diagram below and answer question that follows.

a. What courts are positioned on 3 and 4? 3. Magistrate court and . 4. Local court
[2]
b. Mabisi was impregnated his cousin Mutiba. In his case, the judge gave him 5 years jail
sentence in order to prevent others from committing the same offence. In legal terms,
this sentence was based on the principle of Deterrents [1]
c. Prima facie mean The accuse person has been found with the case to answer [1]
d. In the case Mayeso Muumba verses the state. The Director of the Public Prosecution
entered a Nolie Prosque when the State withdraws a case due to insufficient
evidence [1]
 e. Give a reason why the Supreme Court is not a trial court unless the case is a
presidential election petition. Instead it hears appeals on the question of Law other
than facts [1]
f. State four elements of a good legal system. Simple/ Comprehensive/ Certain/
Accessible/ Flexible / Moral values [4]

[10]

4. Study the table below and answer the questions that follows.
Phrase Meaning
1. Accede The world constitution on human rights
2. Charter of Means to sign a convention to which a country was part of the negotiation.
Mande
3. Ratify Prohibition of propaganda for war and of incitement to national, racial or religious
hatred
4. UDHR Right to just and favorable conditions of work, including fair wages, equal pay for
equal work and holidays with pay.
5. ICPR Means that a country signed a convention to which it was part of the negotiation
6. ICESCR First document to have recognized human rights in Africa.

a. From the table above, fill in the correct interpretation of the phrases. [4]
1. Accede: Means that a country signed a convention to which it was not part of the
negotiation
2. Charter of Mande: First document to have recognized human rights in Africa.
3. Ratify: Means that a country signed a convention to which it was part of the
negotiation
5. UDHR: The world constitution on human rights

b. Explain the meaning of ‘’Burden of Proof’’ and ‘’Standard of Proof.’’ Burden of proof is
a duty that lies on the prosecution to prove the criminal allegation against the accused.
The standard of proof is the weight of evidence the prosecution must produce in order
to establish the alleged crime.[2]
c. How does the Writ of Habeas Corpus help a person and contribute to respect of
human rights? It helps a suspect not to be detained for a long time without being
arrested formally and ensures his/her freedom by helping him/her to attain speedy and
fair trial [2]
d. Magna Carter of 1215 is one of the earliest documents to have contained elements of
Human Rights in the World. Suggest the shortcomings of this document. It was not
 universal in nature because it excluded other groups of people such as women, slaves
and other specific persons [2]

[10
]

6. The picture below shows child soldiers. After studying the picture, answer the
questions that follows.

1. Which country is said to have been the first to use child soldiers? Liberia [1]
2. Who is a child according to UNESCO? Anyone below the age of 18 [1]
3. Define carnal knowledge. Having sexual intercourse with a minor [2]
4. Massive foreign immigration increases resentments by the owner of the land and in
most cases such situation leads to political violence. What term is used to describe
such violent? Xenophobia [1]
5. Litigation is the conflict resolution method that allows the parties
concerned to proceed to the public court of law? [1]
6. Violence begins in our hearts only when we lose inner peace and harmony. It is also
known as the First resort conflict. [1]
7. Which international instrument protect children from being recruited as child
soldiers?
Convention on the Right of the Child (CRC) [2]
8. In which year was this convention adopted? 1989 [1]

[10]

Section C [20 Marks]

There are three question in this section. Answer question one and any other question.

g. Explain the history the Zambian bill of rights since independence. [10]

BRIEF HISTORY OF ZAMBIAS BILL OF RIGHTS

The history of the Zambia bill of Rights gets back to 1964.

 The Bill of Rights was first incorporated for the first time in the northern Rhodesia self-government constitution
of 1963. It was reproduced with minor amendments in 1964 Multi-Party Democratic (independence)
Constitution.

 The 1972 Chona commission recommended the re-introduction of one party participatory democracy which
was affected the following year in 1973. This amendment in the Independence constitution limited the enjoyment
of rights and freedoms of individuals.
 The 1991 Mvunga commission recommended the re-introduction of Multi-Party Democracy in Zambia with an
inclusion of the children’s rights for the first time.
 The 1996 Mwanakatwe commission also made a few amendments to the 1991 constitution.
 The 1996 Mwanakatwe commission made a few amendments to the 1991 constitution. However, the Bill of
Rights was left intact.
 In 2005, the Mung’omba commission included social, cultural and economic rights in its draft constitution.
 The Constitutional Amendment Act No. II OF 2016 has also includesocial, economic and cultural rights but
the bill has not yet been amended as it is still waiting for the national referendum

h. Identify and explain how the agents of socialization influence the

growing of a child. [10]

SOCIALIZATION: This is a process through which females and males, girls and boys, women and men are assigned certain
roles and responsibilities based on the values of a particular society.

AGENTS OF SOCIALISATION

1. The family: Socialization is initially carried out by parents and relatives living with the family. The social
and cultural attitudes tend to favors the boy child. Hence the male child receives available resources as
well as parental attention, health care and education. A girl child performs more house chores than a boy
child and thereby leaving her severely disadvantaged in terms of education opportunities. Similarly,
Women are made to believe that they inferior to men.
Decision making in the family: Control of resources, Sexual relationship and use of contraceptives,
Polygamous marriages.
2. The School: There are persistent sex differences in educational processes within the school. Female and
male learners are subjected to different socialization in the school system.
 The formal education provided tends to confine girls to dominant and house hold levels seen through the
kind of subjects they take. For example, most girls tend to avoid challenging subjects and take practical
subjects.
3. RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS : They play an important role in socialization process. All religion teaches that
women should be submissive to men and men should be recognized as leaders.
4. Peer group: People of the same age are quite influenced through socialization process hence they copy
certain behavioural traits from each other.
5. The media: The media in Zambia is another agent of socialization and had continued depicting the position
of women as being subordinate to men. Some of the songs played on radio and television describe the
immoral behaviour of women while others emphasizes in their total submission to men.

i. Describe the procedure in the criminal case. [10]

PROCEDURES IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE PROCESS

The procedures in the criminal justice process refers to the steps followed in a criminal procedure as outlined in the
criminal procedure code, which is also referred to as the C.P.C in legal terms.
1. Arrest: This means when the accused person is taken into custody with or without a warrant.
It implies that an accusedperson may be arrested with a warrant obtained from a court of law for offences like
poaching from restricted areas while cases like theft allows arrest without a warrant.

2. Plea: This is when the charge against the accused is read and if the accused admits the offence, then he or she
is said to have taken a plea of guilty but if he or she denies the charge then a plea of denial is taken which is
also called a plea of not guilty.

3. Trial: This has the prosecution and defense parts to it. The prosecution case is when the prosecution calls their
witnesses known as Examination in chief, which is meant to build the case against the accused.

On the other hand, the defense will then bring their own witnesses known as Defense witnesses whose accounts
will be the defense’s examination in chief.

4. Final submissions: This refers to a situation when both the defense and prosecution addresses the Magistrate
or the Judge with their strong points.

5. Judgment: This means when the magistrate or judge delivers the final ruling or verdict of the case against
the accused person.

6. Records of previous convictions: This is when the prosecutor reads to the court any previous convictions
which the defendant can either accept or reject (deny).

7. Mitigation: This is when the defendant gives reasons to the Judge that may make the punishment less severe
(leniency punishment).
8. Sentencing: This is when the magistrate or judge sentences the accused person, guided by the three principles
of sentencing which includes:

 Retribution whichmeans punishing the offender especially in rape cases.

 Deterrent, which means punishment meant to prevent the offender or other, would be offenders from
committing the same or similar crime.
 Reformation or Rehabilitation, which is punishment meant to reform the offender in order to return to a
decent life, mainly applied to Juvenile and first offenders.