Maths Department

5th Year Maths Booklet

Maths Teacher ..................................................................... Lic. Juan Pablo Marcuzzi

Córdoba – March, 2025

 CONTENTS

UNIT 1

• 1ST TERM TOPICS

1. Rational Numbers: Mixed Exercises……………………………………….…………..1

2. Radicals: Mixed Exercises. Denominator Rationalization…………………….……..5

3. Complex Numbers: Mixed Exercises…………………………………………………18

4. Quadratic & Polynomial Functions (Revision)……………………………………….20

UNIT 2

• 2ND TERM TOPICS

5. Rational Functions: Formulae & Graphs…………………………………………….32

6. Exponential Functions: Formulae & Graphs………………………………………...38

7. Logarithms: Properties and Calculations…………………………………………….44

8. Logarithmic Functions: Formulae & Graphs…………………………………………48

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1. RATIONAL NUMBERS: MIXED EXERCISES

Revision

Exercise 1
3 1 5 2 3 1 1
−4 + − × 5 + (− ) − (− + (−4))
4 2 8 15 2 2 2

Exercise 2

3 2 2 1 3 2 1 10 1 1 2
(−8) − (− ) + ( ) (−10) − (− ) (− ) (−2)3 + (−1)5 (−3) + √25 − ( ) 34
4 √3 2 5 2 3 6 6

Exercise 3
1 3 7 4 2 2 10 1 2 5
( − + ) (− ) + (−5) ( − × ) − (−2 + ) +
2 4 8 3 5 5 3 2 3 × 22
Exercise 4
−4
3 −1
3
(√√3) − √2−1 ÷ √16 + √(√8) ÷2

Exercise 5
−3
2 1 −1 3 1 −1
(− ) ÷ √8 ÷ ( ) + ÷ (−2) − [( − 1) ]
3 2 4 2

Exercise 6

1 1 1 −1
√√[(−5)2 − ] (− ) − √√√(−4)2 (−2)3 (− )
8 2 2

Exercise 7

8 3 16
√2√3 ÷ (27) + (− 8) 9 × 3 + 1
1 2
[3 ÷ (− 2) + 1] ÷ (2 − 7)

Exercise 8
1 1
2−4
3
1 1
1 − 2 ÷ 2 (2 − 2) 3
− 2−
1 3 1 2
4 − 2 + 1 (1 − 4) 1 5
6−3
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Exercise 9
2
√1 × 1 × 1
6
4 2
2 4 8 −2 + 2 ÷ 3 2−3
− +√
1 2 1 1
1−2 1−1÷3 3−4
( )
Exercise 10
2
√2 + 1
2 4
2 3
36 5 4
( ) × [(−3 + ) ] ×
3 2 3
3+ −1 − 2
5 ( )
Exercise 11
2
−2 2 3−1
1 −2 5 3 2
2 − (− 2)
2 2−4+1 1−
3
−2 + ( ) ( 2) + 3
−3 + (−1)−5 1 −2
(−2)−2 + ( ) 2
2
Exercise 12

2 1 √
3
1− 3 − √81
7 1 3 1 1 2
3−6 3 −2 √−8 + 2 −1 + 3 3 √81 (− 5) (−25)
− × − × +
2 1 1 7 √√16 − 1 −12 + 2 (−10)(−3)
−2+1 1+ ×3 1−2
5 2 1
1 − −1
6−2 2

Exercise 13

1 3
− + 10−1
5 2
2 4
−1 + 3 − (− + 1)
5
2
1 11
3−3× 2
( )
−2 − (−5) + 22
√ 3

Exercise 14
2 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 −1
− 10 + 2 2 − 14 ( − 1 + 3) (− 3 + )
5 + 3 (− ) 5 5
1 2 2+3
1 15 1 −2
5 −1
(1 + ) 32 (2) (√−32)
5 −
1 3 −2 1 1 −1 3 3
(2 − 1 + ) (1 − 3 − 4) 5 √ + 1 − 1 3√−27
5 4 8
10−2 √81
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Exercise 15

3 1 −3
−3 √ 16 (2)
3 √ 1 2
(−2)3 ( ) (− ) −2 − (−4)
3 3
−
1 1 1 2 −1
−2 − 2 + 3 6 2 − 1 + (−1)3 (3)
+1−
1 5 5
−3 + 2
√

Exercise 16
1 −2 1 −2
3−2 ( ) (− 2)
5 × 23
1 1
3 − 3 − 2 (− 2 + 1)

1 √3√12 3√2 3√√16

+ + ×
2 4 3 81
1 2
2 − (−3)3 + 1 − 3 (2)

Exercise 17
3 1 3 1 3 1
(1 − √2) (1 + √2) + √4
1

3 1 1 3 1
2√ 1− − 2√
2 3 1 2
√
( 2)

Exercise 18
−1
1 1
+ − 2
( 22 3 )
− − 1(−3) 3
√43
3 × √1 + 3 × 5 − √
1 4 −27
3− −√
5 9
1 2
(−1 + 3)

Exercise 19
−1
1
1−
(3 2
2 )
81 − (−1) (− )
√√ − 2 3
625 1
−2 + 3
1
−1
5
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Exercise 20
5 −1 1
(− 3) + 2 − (−2)−2
3 1
− 4 − 1 + (−1)−6 − 3 √√81 1 −2 37 − 1
2
×3 ×( ) −√
2 10 1 3 −1
−1 − 3 (−6) (2 − 1 + 4)
1
2 − 4 (−2)2

Exercise 21

3 3 1 1
− 2 (− ) − 2 (−2)2 √√(−8 − 10) (−10)
5
3 + 5−1
√64 ÷ 23
2
1 −1
[1 − (− ) ]
3
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EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS

Figure: Examples of exponential growth and decay graphs

Exercise 1 (E114)
Nuclear fision. By bombarding an atom of Uranium with neutrons, its nucleus divides
into 2 lighter ones, releasing energy and 3 neutrons each time.

a) Construct a table showing the number of neutrons in terms of the number of

collisions
b) Get the formula and graph of the function. Mark in the latter the first differences

Exercise 2 (E115)
Cell reproduction. A cell reproduces itself by bipartition at fixed periods (T hours)

a) Construct a chart relating the number of cells to the number of periods elapsed.
Find the associated formula
b) Represent the function graphically
c) Find the first differences of the function. What property do these values have?

Exercise 3 (E116)
Radioacarbon dating. The half-life period of C14, the radioactive form of carbon, is
6000 years. This means that a given mass of this chemical element will decay steadily
and be halved in that time. A sample of bones found in an archaeological dig contain
1 g of C14

a) Complete a chart showing the amount of C14 left after t periods.

b) What is the function that relates M and t ?
c) Can you give t negative values? Explain
d) Can you give t other than whole numbers? Explain
e) Draw M(t). Is it a continuous curve?
f) Find M(t) if Mo = 0,4 g and draw it
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Exercise 4 (E119)
Radium 226 has a half-life of 1.620 years. If the initial mass is 5g, please
a) Find the formula for the mass in terms of the half-life period
b) Draw the function M(t)

Exercise 5 (E122)
Compound interest. An investor deposits $100 in a bank that pays 10% of yearly
compound interest
a) Find the capital (C) accumulated in the bank during 1, 2, 3,… n years
b) Draw the function C(n) and check that the capital increases 10% every year
c) Calculate the capital 10 years later
d) Derive a general formula that gives the accumulated capital after n years if the
initial capital is Co and the interest rate is r%

Exercise 7 (E124)
Are the following functions increasing or decreasing ones?

f(x) = 34 × (1,8)x ; g(x) = 500 × (0,95)x ; h(x) = 0,8 × (1,25)x ; j(x) = (0,88)x

Exercise 9 (E124)
The wood mass in a forest increases 40% every 100 years. If the wood mass in the year
1800 was equal to 1 unit
a) Find M(t) with t expressed in centuries since 1800
b) Calculate the amount of wood in 1900, 1995 and 2000
c) Calculate the amount of wood in 1700, 1650 and 1500

Exercise 12 (E126)
Demographic projection. The population of a country (in thousands of inhabitants) is
projected according to the following model: P(t) = 40 e 0,03 t
a) What is the current population?
b) What will the population be 1, 2, 3 and 10 years later?

Exercise 13 (E126)
Depreciation. An industrial machine depreciates according to V(t) = Vo e -0,04 t. Knowing
that after 20 years the machine is worth $8987, what was its original value?

Exercise 14 (E138)
The population density x kilometres away from the city centre is d(x) = 11 e- 0,04 x where
d is given in thousands of inhabitants per square kilometre.
a) What is the population density in the city centre?
b) And 10 km away from the centre?

Exercise 15 (E138)
A car bought for $35000 devaluates 12% each year. Calculate its value after 6 years

Exercise 16 (E138)
The population in a city reaches 80.000 inhabitants. If it increases 5% each year
estimate the population 10 years later
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LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS

Figure: the graph y=loga x is the mirror image of y=ax in the line y=x, as shown. In
particular, this is also true if we work with the natural base (a=e)

Figure: Different examples of logarithmic behavior are shown above.

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Exercise 1 (E127)
In the previous unit (6) we learnt about nuclear fision (chain reactions). Please revise
the situation you studied in exercise 1 and calculate the collision number for which 243,
500, 59049, 70000, 531.441 and 14.348.907 neutrons are released

Exercise 2 (E130)
Archaeologists found two fossils of an organism which had 1 mg of C14 when alive.
Scientists determined that the mass of C14 present in the findings is 0,0625 mg and 0,02
mg, respectively.

a) Estimate the approximate age of the fossils by trial and improvement.

b) What is the exact age of the found organisms?

Exercise 3 (E139)
The degree of acidity of a solution is determined by the concentration of hydrogen ions
(H+) which is measured in moles/litre. As this concentrations are too low we measure
them using the pH, which is defined as pH = - log H+.
Complete the following table:

Solution H+ = hydrogen ions pH = - log H+

(moles/litre)
Lemmon juice 1,9
Lime juice 0,126
Beer 4,5
Milk 3,55 x 10-7
Blood 3,981 x 10-8
Water 7

Exercise 4 (E139)
When the sound intensity is measured in watts/cm2, the formula used to calculate the
decibels is: d = 10 log (106 p). Demonstrate that this formula can also be written in the
form: d = 10 log p + 60

Exercise 5 (E139)
In the Ritcher scale, the formula M(I) = log I is used to calculate the magnitude of an
earthquake of intensity I. This figure (I) indicates how many times bigger the amplitude
of the seismic wave was in relation to a wave in a normal situation

a) Find the magnitude of an earthquake that is 19,9 times more intense than a 8,3
degree earthquake
b) Compare the intensities of two earthquakes knowing their magnitudes differ in 2
degrees
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PART II: EXPONENTIAL EQUATIONS

Exercise 1 (E136)
$5 million were deposited in a bank at 10% of yearly interest

a) How many years have to pass until capital doubles?

b) Derive a general formula to find the time that must go by until any initial capital
Co deposited at r% of interest rate is doubled

Exercise 2 (E137)
The world population in the next t years can be expressed through the formula:
P(t) = Po e0,02 t, being Po the current population. According to this model

a) How long will it take for the world population to double?

b) Does the doubling time depend on Po?

Exercise 3 (E137)
The air pressure at h metres .a.s.l. is given by P(h) = e -0,000125 h atmospheres. What is the
altitude of an aircraft if the pressure outside 0,22 atm?

Exercise 4 (E137)
If radium decays according to M(t) = Mo e -0,04 t being Mo the amount present at the
beginning. How long will it take for the mass of radium to be one third of the original
mass?

Exercise 5 (N138)
In 1999 the ONU calculate the world population and the figure was published through
the following news: “6000 million baby is already born”. Knowing that the number of
people growths exponentially at an annual rate of 2%

a) Find a formula that allows you to estimate the world population in the future
b) In what year will the number of people be doubled?

Exercise 6 (E139)
How much time will the money double if it is invested at an annual rate of 8% and

a) The interest capitalizes quarterly

b) The interest capitalizes continuously