Department of Marketing

BBA 1st Year, 2nd Semester (25th)

Presentation Topic with Answer
Group 01
1. Out of 50 persons, 35 can speak English, 25 can speak both English and Bengali and every one can speak
at least one of these two languages. How many persons can speak Bengali? How many persons can speak
only Bengali?
Solution:
Let,
n(U) = 50 (This is the set of total persons)
n(A) = 35 (This is the set of students who speak English)
n(B) =? (This is the set of students who speak Bangla)
n(A∩B) = 25 (This is the set of who speak both English and Bangla)
n(A∪B) =50 (This is the set of students who speak at least one)
n(A'∩B) =? (This is the set of students who speak only Bangla)
Now we know that,
n(A∪B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A∩B)
or, 50 = 35 + n(B) – 25
or, n(B) = 50 – 10
n(B) = 40
Again,
n(A'∩B) = n(B) – n(A∩B)
= 40 – 25
= 15
So, 40 persons can speak Bangla.
And 15 persons can speak English. (Answer)

2. In a survey of the use of computer in certain commercial area of a city, it is seen that 95% use super
computer and 10% use IBM computer. How many use super computer only?
Solution:
Let,
n(A)= 90% (This is the set of users who read super computer)
n(B)=10% (This is the set of users who read IBM computer)
n(A ∪ B)= 100% (Assume that everyone can use at least one of this two computer)
We know that,
n(A∪B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A∩B)
or, 100 = 95 + 10 – n(A∩B)
or, n(A∩B) = 105% – 100%
 n(A∩B) = 5%
Now, the users of super computer only,
n(A∩B') = n(A) – n(A∩B)
= 95% – 5%
= 90%
So, 90% people use super computer only.

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
3. In a survey conducted of 200 clerks in an office it was found that 48% took coffee, 54% liked tea, 64% used
to smoke. Of the total 28% used coffee and tea, 32% used tea and smoke and 30% took coffee and smoke.
Only 6% did none of these. Find-
i) The number having all the three.
ii) Coffee if and only if they did not take tea.
iii) Coffee and tea but not smoke.
Solution: Same as group 16 question 1.

4. In survey of 500 families, the number that read recent issues of a certain monthly magazine were found to
be: March only 90; March but no February 115; March and January 40; March 130; January 240, January
and February 40; none of the three months 120. With the help of set theory, find the following: i) How
many did read February issue? ii) How many did read two consecutive issues? iii) How many did read the
January issue, if and only if they did not read the February issue? iv) How many did read the March and
February issues but not the January issue?
Solution:
Let,
n(U)= 500 (This is the set of total students of this survey)
n(A)= 240 (This is the set of students who read January issues)
n(B)=? (This is the set of students who read February issues)
n(C)= 130(This is the set of students who read March issues)
n(A ∩ B)= 40 (This is the set of who read both January issues and February issues)
n(B ∩ C)=? (This is the set of students who read both February issues and March issues)
n(A∩ C)= 40 (This is the set of students who read both January issues and March issues)
n(B' ∩ C)=115 (This is the set of students who read March but not February issues)
n(A' ∩ B' ∩ C) = 90 (This is the set of students who read only March issues)
n(A' ∩ B' ∩ C') = 120 (This is the set of students who read none of these)

Here,
n(B' ∩ C) = n(C) – n(B ∩ C)
or, 115 = 130 – n(B ∩ C)
or, n(B ∩ C) = 130 – 125
 n(B ∩ C) = 15

Again,
n(A' ∩ B' ∩ C) = n(C)+ n(A ∩ B ∩ C) – n(B ∩ C) – n(A ∩ C)
or, 90 = 130 + n(A ∩ B ∩ C) – 40 – 15
or, n(A ∩ B ∩ C) = 90 – 130 + 40 + 15
 n(A ∩ B ∩ C) = 90 – 75 = 15
(i)
n(A' ∩ B' ∩ C') = n(A ∪ B ∪ C)'
n(A' ∩ B' ∩ C') = n(U)-n(A ∪ B ∪ C)
n(A' ∩ B' ∩ C') = n(U) – {n(A) + n(B) +n(C)+n(A ∩ B ∩ C) – n(A ∩ B) – n(B ∩ C) – n(A ∩ C)}
or, 120 = 500 {240 + n(B) + 130 + 15 –40 –15 –40}
or, 120 = 500 – 290 – n(B)
or, n(B) = 210 – 120
 n(B) = 90
So, 90 families read February issue. (Answer)

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 (ii)
Here, we asked for, how many read two consecutive issues?
We know,
consecutive two=n{(A∩B) ∪ (B∩C)} we know,
=n(A∩B) + n(B∩C)-n{(A∩B) ∩(B∩C)} (AUB)=A+B-(A∩B
=40 + 15 – n(A∩B∩C) n{(A∩B) ∩(B∩C)} = n (A∩B∩C
=55 – 15
=40
So,50 families read consecutive two issues. (Answer)
(iii)
we asked for, how many read the January issue, if and only if they did not read the February issue,
So, here the formula will be, n(A∩B´) = n(A) – n(A∩B)
=240 – 40
=200
So,130 families read the March issue, if and only if, they did not read the April issue. (Answer)
(iv)
we asked for, how many read the March and February issues but not the January issue,
The formula is, n(A´ ∩ B ∩ C)= n(B∩C) – n(A∩B∩C)
= 15 – 15
=0
So,30 families read issues according to the asked condition. (Answer

5. Out of 880 boys in a school, 224 played crickets, 240 played hokey and 336 played basketballs; of total 64
played both basketball and hockey, 80 played cricket and basketball and 40 played cricket and hokey, 24
played all the three games. How many boys did not play any game and how many played only one game?
Solution:
Let,
n(U)= 880 (this is the set of total students of a college)
n(A)= 224 (this is the set of students who played cricket)
n(B)= 240 (this is the set of students who played hockey)
n(C)= 336 (this is the set of students who played basketballs)
n(A ∩ B)= 40 (this is the set of who played both cricket and hockey )
n(B ∩ C)= 64 (this is the set of students who played both hockey and basketballs )
n(A∩ C)= 80 (this is the set of students who played both cricket and basketballs )
n(A ∩ B ∩ C)= 24 (this is the set of students who played all the three)

(i)
Students played did not any game,
n(A' ∩ B'∩ C') = n(A ∪ B ∪ C) '
= n(U) – n(A ∪ B ∪ C)
= n(U) – {n(A) + n(B) + n(C) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C) – n(A ∩ B) – n(B ∩ C) – n(A ∩ C)}
= 880 – {224 + 240 + 336 +24 – 40 –64 – 80}
= 880 – 420
= 460 students (Answer)
(ii)
Students played only one game,
 n(A ∩ B'∩ C') + n(A' ∩ B ∩ C') + n(A' ∩ B'∩ C)
= {n(A) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C) – n(A ∩ B) – n(A ∩ C)} + {n(B) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C) – n(A ∩ B) – n(B ∩ C)} – {
n(C) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C) – n(B ∩ C) – n(A ∩ C)}
= (224 + 24 – 40 –80) + (240 + 24 – 40 – 64) + (336 + 24 –64 – 80)
= 128 + 160 + 216

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 = 504 students (Answer)

Group 02
1. A survey of 400 students in a university shows that 100 are smokers and 150 are chewers of gums; 75 are
both smokers and gum chewers. Find out how many students are neither smokers nor gum chewers.

Solution:
Let,
The total number of students, n (U) = 400;
The number of students who are smokers, n (A) = 100;
The number of students who are gum chewers, n (B) = 150;
The number of students who are smokers and gum chewers, n (𝐴∩𝐵);

Therefore, the number of students who are neither smokers nor gum chewers
= n (𝐴′∩𝐵′)
= n (𝐴∪𝐵) ′
= n (U) - n (𝐴∪𝐵)
= n (U) – {n (A) + n (B) - n (𝐴∩𝐵)}
= 400 – (100+150-75)
= 400 – 175
= 225

So, 225 students are neither smokers nor gum chewers. (Answer)

2. From the statistics of 45 students of a class it was revealed that 25 students took mathematics, 21 took
economics and 15 took law as additional courses. Of them 12 took mathematics and economics, 9 took
mathematics and law and 7 took economics and law, 3 took mathematics, economics and law? Find out-
(i) How many took only mathematics but not economics and law?
(ii) How many did not take any additional course at all?
Solution:
Let,
n (U) = 45 (this is the set of all students)
n (M)= 25 (this is the set of students who took math)
n (E) = 21 (this is the set of students who took economics)
n (L) = 15 (this is the set of students who took law)
n (𝑀∩𝐸) = 12 (this is the set of students who took both Math and economics)
n (E ∩ L) = 7 (this is the set of students who took both economics and law)
n (M ∩ L) = 9 (this is the set of students who took both Math and law)
n (M ∩ E ∩ L) = 3 (this is the set of students who took all three subjects)

(i)
Only mathematics but not economics and law
n(𝑀∩𝐸′∩𝐿′ )= n(M) + n(𝑀∩𝐸∩𝐿) - (𝑀∩𝐸)-n(𝑀∩𝐿)
= 25+3-12-9
=7
(ii)
Did not take any additional courses at all,
n(𝑀′∩𝐸′∩𝐿′ ) = n(𝑀∪𝐸∪𝐿) ′
= n(U) - n(𝑀∪𝐸∪𝐿)
=n(U) - {n(M)+ n(E)+ n(L)+ (M ∩ E ∩ L)- n (𝑀∩𝐸)- n (M ∩ L)- (E∩L)}
=45-(25+21+15+3-12-9-7)
= 45-36
=9
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
3. A restaurant has a desert cart that is brought to each table. At the end of each day a tally is made of the
number of the people and the king of desert selected. On one day 134 chose from the cart;71chose ice-
cream,43 chose cake,61 chose pie,15 chose pie and cake,11 chose ice-cream and cake and 3 chose all the
three. How many picked pie and ice-cream?
Solution:
Let,
n(U)= 134 (this is the set of all people)
n(I)= 71 (this is the set of people who choose ice cream)
n(C)= 43 (this is the set of people who choose cake)
n(P)= 61 (this is the set of people who choose Pie)
n(C ∩ P)= 15 (this is the set of people who choose both take and Pie)
n(I ∩ C)=11 (this is the set of people who choose both ice cream and cake)
n(I ∩ C ∩ P)=3 ( this is the set of people who choose all three)
n(I ∩ P)=? (this is the set of people who choose both ice cream and pie)

According to the condition,

n(U)= n(I ∪ C ∪ P)=134
We know that,
n(I ∪ C ∪ P) = n(I) + n(C) + n(P) + n(I ∩ C ∩ P) − n(I ∩ C) − n(C ∩ P) − n(I ∩ P)
𝐎𝐫, 134 = 71 + 43 + 61 + 3 − 11 − 15 − n(I ∩ P)
𝐎𝐫, n(I ∩ P) = 152 − 134 = 18

So, 18 picked pie and ice cream. (Answer)

4. There are 1500 students who appeared in CMA examination under the ICMAB. Out of these students 450
failed in Accounting, 500 failed in Business Mathematics and 475 failed In Costing. Those who failed in
Accounting and Business Mathematics were 300, those who failed in Business Mathematics and Costing
were 320 and those who failed both Accounting and Costing were 350.The students who failed in all the
three subjects were 250. Find-
a. How many students who failed at least in any one of the subjects?
b. How many students who failed no subjects?
c. How many students who failed only one subject?
d. How many students who failed only Accounting and Business Mathematics?
Solution:
Let,
n (U) = 1500 (a set of total CMA students)
n (A) = 450 (a set of students who failed in Accounting)
n (B) = 500 (a set of students who failed in Business Math)
n (C) = 475 (a set of students who failed in Costing)
n (A ∩ B) = 300 (a set of students who failed in Accounting and Business Math)
n (B ∩ C) = 320 (a set of students who failed in Business Math and Costing)
n (A ∩ C) = 350 (a set of students who failed in Accounting and Costing)
n (A ∩ B ∩C) = 250 (a set of students who failed in all three)
(a)
The number of students who failed at least in any one of the subjects
= n (A ∪ B ∪ C)
= n (A) + n (B) + n (C) + n (A ∩ B ∩ C) − n (A ∩ B) − n (B ∩ C) − n (A ∩ C)
= 450 + 500 + 475 + 250 − 300 − 320 − 350
= 705 (Answer)
(b)
The number of students who failed in no subjects
= n(A′ ∩ B ′ ∩ C ′ )
= n (A ∪ B ∪ C)′
= n(U) − n (A ∪ B ∪ C)
= 1500 – 705[from (a)]
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 = 795 (Answer)
(c)
The number of students who failed in only one subject
= n(𝐴∩𝐵′∩𝐶′) + n(𝐵∩𝐴′∩𝐶′) + n(𝐶∩𝐴′∩𝐵′)
= {n(A) + n(A ∩ B ∩C) – n(A ∩ B) – n(A ∩ C) } + {n(B) + n(A ∩ B ∩C) – n(A ∩ B) – n(B ∩ C) }
+{ n(C) + n(A ∩ B ∩C) – n(A ∩ C) – n(B ∩ C) }
= (420+250-300-350) + (500+250-300-320) + (475+250-350-320)
= 50+130+55
=235 (Answer)
(d)
The number of students who failed only in Accounting and Business Math
= n(𝐴∩𝐵∩𝐶′)
= n(A ∩𝐵) – n(A ∩B ∩C)
= 300-250
=50 (Answer)
5. A survey was conducted of a group of 1000 successful investors. The results indicated that 496 owned
utilities, 510 owned company stock, 540 govt. securities. While 214 owned utilities and company stock, 300
owned utilities and govt. securities, 440 owned company stock and govt. securities while 200 owned all the
three. Draw a Venn diagram to illustrate this. Which set is empty? How many investors did not invest in
any one of the above?
Solution:
Let,
n(U)=1000 (this is the set of total investors)
n(A)=496 (this is the set of investors who owned utilities)
n(B)=510 (this is the set of investors who owned company stock)
n(C)=540 (this is the set of investors who owned Government Security)
n(A ∩ B) =214 (this is the set of investors who owned both utilities and company stock)
n(B ∩ C)=440 (this is the set of investors who owned both company stock and Government securities)
n(A ∩ C)=300 (this is the set of investors who owned both utilities and government securities)
n(A ∩ B ∩ C)=200 (this is the set of investors Who own all three)
(i)
The number of investors who only owned utilities,
n(A ∩ B' ∩ C’)= n(A)+ n(A ∩ B ∩ C)- n(A ∩ B)- n(A ∩ C)
=496+200-214-300=182
The number of investors who only owned company stock,
n(A’ ∩ B ∩ C’)= n(B)+ n(A ∩ B ∩ C)- n(A ∩ B)- n(B ∩ C)
=510+200-214-440=56
The number of investors who only own Government Security,
n(A' ∩ B' ∩ C)= n(C)+ n(A ∩ B ∩ C)- n(A ∩ C)- n(B ∩ C)
=540+200-300-440=0

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 From the Venn Diagram we can see that the number of investors who invested in only Govt. securities is empty.
(Answer)
(ii)
The number of investors who did not invest in any one of the above
=n(A' ∩ B'∩ C')
=n(A ∪ B ∪ C)’
=n(U)-n(A ∪ B ∪ C)
=n(U)- {n(A)+n(B)+n(C)+n(A ∩ B ∩ C)-n(A ∩ B)-n(B ∩ C)-n(A ∩ C)}
=1000-(496+510+540+200-214-440-300)
=1000-792
=208 (Answer)

Group 03
1. An investigator made inquiries in a different city and found that 252 people responded positively to ground
coffee,210 like instant coffee,300 like freezes dried,80 like instant coffee and freezes dried, 60 like instant
and groundcoffee,110 like ground coffee and freeze dried,50 like all three kinds, while120 people said that
they did not like coffee at all. What should be paid at tk.5 per interview?
Solution:
Let's assume,A= Set of people who responded positively to ground coffee
B= Set of people who like instant coffee
C= Set of people who like freezes dried
Now the following information can be concluded from the question:
n(A) = 252
n(B) = 210
n(C) = 300
n(B∩C) = 80
n(A∩B) = 60
n(A∩C) =110
n(A∩B∩C) = 50
n(A′∩B′∩C′) = 120
Now we have to calculate the total number of people who gave interview.
So, (A∪B∪C) =?
We know that, (A∪B∪C) = n(A)+n(B)+n(C)+n(A∩B∩C)-n(B∩C)-n(A∩B)-n(A∩C)
=252+210+300+50-(80+60+110)
=562

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 Now, if the amount of money is 5 tk. Per interview, (562×5) = 2810 tk. Should be
paid. (Answer)

2. Out of 300 students who appeared for ICMA examination, 90 failed in Accounting, 100 failed in Business
mathematics and 60 failed in Costing. Those who failed both in Accounting and Business mathematics were
60, those who failed both in Business mathematics and Costing were 64 and those who failed in Accounting
and Costing were 70. The students who failed in all the three subjects were 50. Find out the number who
failed at least in any one of the subjects.
Solution:
Solution:
Given that,
n(U)=300 (u of all students)
n(A) =90 (who failed in accounting)
n(B)=100(who failed in business mathematics)
n(C)=60(who failed in costing)
n (A∩B) = 60 (who failed in both accounting and business mathematics)
n(B∩C) =64(who failed in business mathematics and costing)
n (A∩C) =70 (who failed in accounting and costing)
n(A∩B∩C) = 50 (who failed in all three subject)

Students who failed at least any one of the subjects

n(A∪B∪C)
=n(A)+n(B)+n(C)+ n(A∩B∩C)-n(A∩B)- n (A∩C)- n(B∩C
=90+100+60+50-60-70-64
=106
Answer: 106 students failed at least in any one of the subjects.

3. In a survey of 100 families the numbers that read the recent issues of various magazines were found to be
as follows; Dhaka carrier 28, Dhaka courier and reader digest 8, reader digest 30, Dhaka courier and
Bangladesh time 10, Bangladesh time 42, reader digest and Bangladesh time 5, all the three magazines 3.
With the help of set theory, find-
a) How many read none of the three magazines?
b) How many read Bangladesh time as their only magazines?
c) How many read Reader’s Digest if and only if they read Bangladesh Time.
Solution:
Let,
n(U) =100 (a set of families who read various magazines)
n(D) = 28 (a set of families who read Dhaka carrier)
n(R) = 30 (a set of families who read Reader digest)
n(B) = 42 (a set of families who read Bangladesh time)
n(D∩𝑅) = 8 (a set of families who read Dhaka carrier & reader digest)
n(D∩B) = 10 (a set of families who read Dhaka carrier & Bangladesh time)
n(R∩𝐵) = 5 (a set of families who read reader digest & Bangladesh time)
n(D∩𝐵∩𝑅) = 3 (a set of families who read all the three magazines)
(A)
Families that do not read any of magazines,
n(A`∩B`∩C`)
= n(U) – {n(A)+n(B)+n(C)+ n(A∩B∩C)-n(A∩B)-n(B∩C)-n(C∩A)}
=100-(28+30+42+3-8-10-5)
=100-80
=20

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 20 families do not read any of magazines. (Answer)
(B)
Families that read only Bangladesh time,
n(A`∩B`∩C)
=n(C)+ n(A∩B∩C)- n(A∩C)- n(B∩C)
=42+3-10-5
=30
30 families that only Bangladesh time. (Answer)
(C)
Families that read readers digest if and only if they read Bangladesh time,
n(A`∩B∩C)
= n(B∩C) – n(A∩B∩C)
=5–3
=2
2 families that read readers digest if and only if. (Answer)

4. In a city three daily newspaper A, B, C are published; 65% of the citizens read A, 54% read B, 45% read C; 38%
read A and B, 32% read B and C, 28% read A and C, 12% do not read any one of these three papers. If the total
number of people in the city be 10000, find the number of citizens who read all the three newspapers.
Solution:
Given that,
n(U)=100% (set of all people in the city)
n(A) =65% (who read newspaper A)
n(B)=54% (who read newspaper B)
n(c)=45% (who read newspaper C)
n (A∩B) = 38% (who read newspaper A&B)
n(B∩C) =32% (who read newspaper B& C)
n(A∩C) =28% (who read newspaper A&C)
n(A`∩B`∩C`) = 12% (who do not read any of these)

Number of citizens who read all three newspapers,

We know,
n(A`∩B`∩C`) = n(U) – n (A∪B∪C)
or, n(A`∩B`∩C`) = n(U) – {n(A)+n(B)+n(C)+ n(A∩B∩C)-n(A∩B)-n(B∩C)-n(C∩A)}
or, 12% = 100%-(65%+54%+45%+ n(A∩B∩C)-38%-28%-32%)
or, 12% = 100%- {66%+ n(A∩B∩C)}
or, n(A∩B∩C) = 34%-12%
n(A∩B∩C) =22%
People read all the newspaper
= 10000×22%
= 2200 (Answer)

5. A company studies the product preferences of 20,000 consumers. It was found that each of the products
A, B, C was liked by 7020, 6230 and 5980 consumers respectively and all the product were liked by 1,500
consumers; products A and B were liked by 2,580, products A and C were like by 1,200; products B and
C were liked by 1,950 consumers. Prove whether the results of the study are correct or not.
Solution:
To check whether the study results are correct or not, we will use the concept of set theory, We will take,
A = set of people who like product A
B = set of people who like product B
C = set of people who like product C.
Now, the following information can be concluded from the question,

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 n(A)=7020
n(B)=6230
n(C)=5980
n(A∩B∩C) = 1500
n(A∩B) = 2580
n(A∩C) = 1200
n(B∩C) = 1950
Now, to prove that study results is correct or not, we will check whether
n(A∪B∪C) = 20,000 or not.
Here,
⇒ n(A ∪ B ∪ C) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) − n(A ∩ B) − n(A ∩ C) − n(B ∩ C) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C)
⇒ n(A ∪ B ∪ C) = 7020 + 6230 + 5980 − 2580 − 1200 − 1950 + 15007020 + 6230 +
5980 − 2580 − 1200 − 1950 + 1500
⇒ n(A ∪ B ∪ C) = 20730 − 5730
⇒ n(A ∪ B ∪ C) = 15000
n(A ∪ B ∪ C) ≠ 20,000
Hence, the results of the study are not correct. (Answer)

Group 04
1. In a group of 200 people, each of whom is at least accountant or management consultant or sales manager.
It was found that 80 are accountants, 110 are management consultants and 130 are sales managers, 25 are
accountants as well as sales managers, 70 are management consultant as well sales managers. 10 are
accountants as well as management consultants as well as sales managers. Find the number of those people
who are accountants as well as management consultants but not sales managers.
Solution:
n(A) = 80 (Set of people who are Accountants)
n(B) = (Set of people who are Management consultants)
n(C)= 130 (Set of people who are sales managers)
n(A∩B ) = ? (Set of people who are account and mag. consultant)
n(B∩C) = 70 (Set of people who are mgt. con and sales managers)
n(A∩C) = 25 (Set of people who are acc. And sales managers)
n(A∩B∩C ) = 10 ( Set of people who are all of these)
n(A u B u C ) = 200 ( Set of all in a group)

Here,
n(A∪B∪C) = n(A)+ n(B) + n(C) + n(A∩B∩C) - n(B∩C) – n(B∩C) – n(A∩C)
⇒ 200 = 80+110+130+10 - n(A∩B) -70-25
⇒ 200 = 235 – n (A∩B)
⇒ n(A∩B) = 235-200
 n(A∩B) = 35
Now,
People who are accountants as well as management consultants but not sales managers,
n(A∩B∩C′)
= n(A∩B) – n(A∩B∩C)
= 35 - 10
= 25 people (Answer)

2. A TV survey shows that 60% people watch program A,50% watch program B, 50% watch program C,
30% watch program A and B, 20% watch program B and C, 30% watch program A and C, and 10% do
not watch any program. Find- (i) What percent watch program A, B, C? (ii) What percent watch exactly
two programs? (iii) What percent watch program A only?

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 Solution:
Let,
n(A) = 60% (Set of people who watch program A)
n(B) = 50% (Set of people who watch program B)
n(C) = 50% (Set of people who watch program C)
n(A∩B) = 30% (Set of people who watch program A and B)
n(B∩C) = 20% (Set of people who watch program B and C)
n(A∩C) = 30% (Set of people who watch program A and C)
n(A′∩B′∩C′) = 10% (Set of people who don’t watch any)
n(U) = 100% (Set of people of all survey)
(i)
Watch program A, B and C means n (A n B n C) =?
We know that,
n(A′ ∩ B ′ ∩ C ′ ) = n (A ∪ B ∪ C)′
or, n(A ∪ B ∪ C)′ = n (U)– n (A ∪ B ∪ C)
or, n(A ∪ B ∪ C)′ = n (U)– {(A) + n(B) + n(C) − n(A ∩ B) − n(A ∩ C) − n(B ∩ C) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C)}
or, 10 = 100 – {60 + 50 + 50– 30 – 20 – 30} +
or, 10 = 100 – 80 + n(A n B n C)
or, 10 = 20 – n(A ∩ B ∩ C)
 n(A ∩ B ∩ C)10%
(ii)
Exactly two,
n(A∩B∩C′) + n(A ∩B′ ∩C) + n(A′ ∩B∩C)
= {n (A n B) – n(A n B n C)} + {n (A n C) – n(A n B n C)} + {n (B n C) – n(A n B n C)}
= (30 – 10) + (30 – 10) + (20 – 10)
= 20 + 20 + 10
= 50%

(iii)
Program watch only A,
n(A ∩ B ′ ∩ C ′ )
= n(A) + n(A∩B∩C) – n(A∩ B) − n(A ∩ C)
= 60 + 10 – 30 – 30
= 10% (Answer)
3. Of a group of 200 persons, 100 are interested in music, 70 are interested in photography, and 40 like
swimming. Furthermore, 40 are interested in both music and photography, 30 are interested in both music
and swimming, 20 are interested in both photography and swimming and 10 is interested in music,
photography and swimming. How many are interested in photography but not in music and swimming?
Solution:
Let,
n(U) = 200 (set of all person)
n(A) = 100 (set of persons who interested music)
n(B) = 70 (set of persons who interested photography)
n(C) = 40 (set of persons who interested swimming)
n(A∩B) = 40 (set of persons who interested music and photo.)
n(A∩C) = 30 (set of persons who interested music and swimming)
n(B∩C) = 20 (set of persons who interested photo and swimming)
n(A∩B∩C) =10 (set of persons who interested all the three)
NOW,
Interested in photography but not music and swimming
n(A′ ∩ B ∩ C ′ )
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 = n(B) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C) − n (A ∩ B) − n(B ∩ C)
= 70 + 10 − 40 − 20
= 20 persons. (Answer)
4. In a survey of 1000 customers, the number of people that buy various grades of coffee seeds were found to
be as follows; A grade only180; A and C grade 80; C grade 480; A grade but not B grade230; A grade260;
C grade and B grade80; None of the three grades240. Find out. a) How many buy B grade coffee seeds? b)
How many buys C grade if and only if they do not buy B grade. c) How many buy C and B grades, but not
A grade?
(A)
Given that,
n(u) = 1000 (A set of total customers in a survey)
260 n(A) = 180 (A set of A grade coffee seeds customers)
n(B) =? (A set of B grade coffee seeds customers)
n(C) = 480 (A set of c grade coffee seeds customers)
n(A∩C) = 80 (A set of A grade and c grade coffee Seeds customers)
n(C∩B) = 80 (A set of C and B grade coffee seeds customers)
n(A∩B) =? (A set of A and B grade coffee seeds customers)
n(∩B′ ∩C′)= 180 (A set of A grade coffee seeds only customers)
n(A∩B′) = 230 (A set of A grade coffee seeds customer not B grade)
n(A′ ∩B′ ∩C′) = 240 (A set of non-using coffee seeds customer)
As we know
A(A ∩ B ′ ) = 230
or, n(A) − n(A ∩ B) = 230
or, 260 − n(A ∩ B) = 230
or, −n(A ∩ B) = 230 − 260
or, −n (A ∩ B) = −30
n(A ∩ B) = 30

And,
n(A ∩ B ′ ∩ C ′ ) = n(A) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C) − n(A ∩ B) − n(A ∩ C)
or, 180 = 260 + n(A ∩ B ∩ C) − 30 − 80
or, 180 = n(A ∩ B ∩ C) + 150
n(A ∩ B ∩ C) = 30

Again,
n(AUBUC)′ = n(U) − n(AUBUC)
or, 240 = n(U)– {n(A) + n(B) + n(C) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C) − n(A ∩ B) − n(A ∩ B) − n(B ∩ C) − n(C ∩
A)}
or, 240 = 1,000 − {260 + n(B) + 480 + 30 − 30 − 80 − 80}
or, 240 = −n(B) + 420
or, −n(B) = 240 − 420
or, −n(B) = −180
∴ n(B) = 180 (Answer)
(B)
As we know,
n(B′ ∩C)= n(C)-n(B ∩C)
=480-80
=400 (Answer)
(C)
As we know,
n(A ′ ∩B ∩C)
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 =n(B ∩C) – n (A ∩B ∩C)
= 80-30 (Answer)

5. A market research team interviews 100 people asking each whether he smokes any of the items: A-
cigarettes; B-cigars; C-pipe tobacco. The team returns the following data.
Category Number Category Number

ABC 3 A 42
AB 7 B 17
BC 13 C 27
AC 18 Total 100

Are the returns consistent?

Solution:
n(U) =10 (set of people of smoker)
n(A) =42 (set of people who smoke Cigarettes)
n(B) =17 (set of people who smoke cigars)
n(C) =27(set of people who smoke C-pipe tobacco)
n(A∩B) =7 (set of people who smoke A and B)
n(B∩C) = 13 (set of people who smoke B and C)
n(A∩C) =18 (set of people who smoke A and C)
n(A∩B∩C) =3 (set of people who smoke all the three)
We know the condition of constant is n(U) =n(AUBU)
Now,
n(A∩B∩C) = n(A)+n(B)+n(C)+n(A∩B∩C) – n(A∩B) – n(B∩C) – n(A∩C)
= (42+17+27+3 – 7 – 13 – 18)
= 51 ≠ 100
n(U) ≠ n(A∩B∩C)
So, The Returns is not consistent. (Answer)

Group 05
1. In a survey of 100 students, it was found that 50 used Library books, 40 used their own books and 30 used
borrowed books. 20 used both library books and their own, 15 used borrowed books and their own books,
whereas 10 used borrowed books and library books. Assuming that all students used either library books
or their own or borrowed books. Find,
a) The number of students using all the three sources.
b) If the number of students using no book at all is 10, and the number of students using all the three is 20,
Show that the information is inconsistent.
Solution:
Given that
n(U)=100 (set of all students)
n(A) =50 (who used library books)
n(B)=40 (who used their own books)
n(C)= 30(who used borrowed books)
n (A∩B) = 20(who used library and own books)
n(B∩C) =15 (who used own and borrowed books)
n(A∩C) =10(who used library and borrowed books)

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 (A)
We know that,
n(U) = {n(A)+n(B)+n(C)+ n(A∩B∩C)-n(A∩B)-n(B∩C)-n(C∩A)}
Or, 100=50+40+ n(A∩B∩C)-20-15-10
Or, 100=75+ n(A∩B∩C)
Or, n(A∩B∩C) = 100-75
n(A∩B∩C) =25
(B)
We know that,
n(A`∩B`∩C`) =n(U) – {n(A)+n(B)+n(C)+ n(A∩B∩C) – n(A∩B) – n(B∩C) – n(C∩A)}
Or, 10 = n(u)+ {50+40+30+20 – 20 – 15 – 10}
Or, 10 = n(u) – 95
Or, n(U) = 10+95
 n(U) = 105
Here,
n(u) ≠ 105
So, the information is inconsistent. (Answer)

2. In a factory, 60% workers like tea, and 30% workers like tea but not coffee. Find the number of workers.
(i) Who like both the drinks(ii) who like coffee but not tea?
Solution:
n(A) = 60% (This is a set of workers who like tea)
n(B) =? (This is a set of workers who like coffee)
n (A ꓵ B′) = 30% (This is a set of workers who like tea but not coffee)
(i)
Now find out the number of workers like both coffee and tea: -
n (A ꓵ B′) = n (A) – n (A ꓵ B)
Or, 30 = 60 – n (A ꓵ B)
n (A ꓵ B) = 30% workers (Answer)
(ii)
Now find out the number of workers like coffee but not tea: -
(A′ ꓵ B) = n (B) – (A ꓵ B)
= 40 – 30
= 10% workers. (Answer)

3. Out of a certain group of 200 students, 40 read Arabic, 76 read Bangla, 82 read Chinese, 36 read exactly
two of all these languages, 30 read Arabic but not Chinese, 10 read both Arabic and Bangla, and none read
all the three.
(i) How many read Arabic only?
(ii) How many read Chinese only
(iii)How many read at least one subject? (iv)How many read only one of the three languages?
Solution:
Given,
n (U) = 200
n(A)= 40
n(B)= 76
n(C)= 82
n (A ꓵ B) = 10
n (A ꓵ C′ ) = 30
n (A′ ꓵ B ꓵ C) + n (A ꓵ B ꓵ C′ ) + n (A ꓵ B′ ꓵ C) = 30
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 n (A′ꓵ B′ꓵ C′) = 0
n (A ꓵ B ꓵ C) = 0

we have to find out n (A ꓵ B’ ꓵ C`) that means who read Arabic only
n (A ꓵ C’) = n (A) – n (A ꓵ C)
or, 30 = 40 – n (A ꓵ C)
or, n (A ꓵ C) = 10
n (A ꓵ B’ ꓵ C`) = n (A) + n (A ꓵ B ꓵ C) - n (A ꓵ B) - n (A ꓵ C)
= 40 + 0 – 10 – 10
= 20
So, 20 students read only Arabic. (Ans.)
The number of students who read at least one subject,
We know that, n (A ꓵ B’ ꓵ C) = n (A ꓵ C) - n (A ꓵ B ꓵ C)
= 10 – 0
= 10
By the condition, n (A ꓵ B’ ꓵ C) = n (A ꓵ C) - n (A ꓵ B ꓵ C)
n (A ꓵ B ꓵ C’) + n (A’ ꓵ B ꓵ C) + n (A ꓵ B’ ꓵ C) = 36
or, 10 + 10 + n (A’ ꓵ B ꓵ C) = 36
or, n (A’ ꓵ B ꓵ C) = 36 – 20
or, n (A’ ꓵ B ꓵ C) = 16
here, n (A’ ꓵ B ꓵ C) = 16
or, n (B ꓵ C) - n (A ꓵ B ꓵ C) = 16
or, n (B ꓵ C) – 0 = 16
so, n (B ꓵ C) = 16

now, n (A∪B∪C) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) + n (A ꓵ B ꓵ C) - n (A ꓵ B) - n (B ꓵ C) - n (A ꓵ C)

= 40+76+82+0 – 10 – 16 – 10
= 162 (Ans.)
Here,
Required, n (A ꓵ B’ ꓵ C’) + n (A’ ꓵ B ꓵ C’) + n (A’ ꓵ B’ ꓵ C)

n (A ꓵ B’ ꓵ C’) = n(A)+ n (A ꓵ B ꓵ C) - n (A ꓵ B) - n (B ꓵ C)
= 40+0 – 10 - 10
= 20

n (A’ ꓵ B ꓵ C’) = n(B)+ n (A ꓵ B ꓵ C) - n (A ꓵ B) - n (B ꓵ C)

= 76+0 – 10 – 16
= 50

n (A’ ꓵ B’ ꓵ C) = n(C)+ n (A ꓵ B ꓵ C) - n (A ꓵ C) - n (B ꓵ C)
= 82+0 – 10 – 16
= 56
So, the number of students who read only one of this three language is 20+50+56 = 126 (Ans.)

4. In a survey of 200 families, the number of readers that read recent issues of a certain monthly magazine
were found to be: May only 36; May but not April 46, May and March 16; May 52; March 96; March and
April 16; none of the three months 48. With the help of set theory, find:
(i) How many read April issue?

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
(ii)How many read two consecutive issues?
(iii)How many read the March issue, if and only if, they did not read the April issue?
(iv)How many read the May and April issues, but not March issue?
Solution:
Let,
n(U)= 200 (This is the set of total students of this survey)
n(A)= 96 (This is the set of students who read March issues)
n(B)=? (This is the set of students who read April issues)
n(C)=52 (This is the set of students who read May issues)
n(A ∩ B)= 16 (This is the set of who read both March issues and April issues)
n(B ∩ C)=? (This is the set of students who read both April issues and May issues)
n(A∩ C)= 16 (This is the set of students who read both March issues and May issues)
n(B' ∩ C)= 46(This is the set of students who read May but not April issues)
n(A' ∩ B' ∩ C) = 36 (This is the set of students who read only May issues)
n(A' ∩ B' ∩ C') = 48 (This is the set of students who read none of these)

Here,
n(B' ∩ C) = n(C) – n(B ∩ C)
or, 46 = 52 – n(B ∩ C)
or, n(B ∩ C) = 52 – 46
 n(B ∩ C) = 6

Again,
n(A' ∩ B' ∩ C) = n(C)+ n(A ∩ B ∩ C) – n(B ∩ C) – n(A ∩ C)
or, 46 = 52 + n(A ∩ B ∩ C) – 6 – 16
or, n(A ∩ B ∩ C) = 46 – 52 + 6 + 16
 n(A ∩ B ∩ C) = 16

(i)
n(A' ∩ B' ∩ C') = n(A ∪ B ∪ C)'
n(A' ∩ B' ∩ C') = n(U)-n(A ∪ B ∪ C)
n(A' ∩ B' ∩ C') = n(U) – {n(A)+n(B)+n(C)+n(A ∩ B ∩ C) – n(A ∩ B) – n(B ∩ C) – n(A ∩ C)}
or, 48 = 200 – {96 + n(B)+ 52 + 6 –16 –6 –16}
or, 48 = 200 – 116 – n(B)
or, n(B) = 84 – 48
 n(B) = 36
(ii)
Here, we asked for, how many read two consecutive issues?
We know,
consecutive two=n{(A∩B) ∪ (B∩C)} we know,
=n(A∩B) + n(B∩C)-n{(A∩B) ∩(B∩C)} (AUB)=A+B-(A∩B
=16 + 6 – n(A∩B∩C) n{(A∩B)∩(B∩C)}=n(A∩B∩C
=22 – 6
=16
So,16 families read consecutive two issues. (Answer)
(iii)
we asked for, how many read the March issue, if and only if, they did not read the April issue,
So, here the formula will be, n(A∩B´) = n(A) – n(A∩B)
=96 – 16
=80
So, 80 families read the March issue, if and only if they did not read the April issue (Answer)
(iv)
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 we asked for, how many read the May and March issues but not the April issue?
The formula is, n(A ∩ B´∩ C)= n(A∩C) – n(A∩B∩C)
= 6 – 16
= –10
So, –10 families read issues according to the asked condition. (Answer

5. In a survey among the students of Rajshahi University in a resident hall about the reading-habit of the
Bichitra : the Sandhani, and the Purbani, it was observed that 60% read the Bichirta, 50% read the
Sandhani, 50% read the Purbani, 30% read the Bichitraand the Sandhani, 30% read the Bichitra and
Purbani, 20% read the Sandhani and the Purbani, 10% read all the three newspapers.Requirements: a)
how many students don’t read none of the 3 newspapers? b) How many students read only one of these 3
newspapers? c) How many read only two of these 3 newspapers?
Solution:
Let,
n(U) =100% (set of total reader of survey)
n(A) =60%(set of students who read Bichirta)
n(B) =50% (set of students who read Sandhani)
n(C) =50%(set of students who read Purbani)
n(A∩B) =30% (set of students who read A and B)
n(B∩C) = 20%(set of students who read B and C)
n(A∩C) =30% (set of students who read A and C)
n(A∩B∩C) =10% (set of students who read all the three
(i)
Student don’t read newspapers;
We know that,
n(A`∩B`∩C`) =n(U) – {n(A)+n(B)+n(C)+ n(A∩B∩C) – n(A∩B) – n(B∩C) – n(C∩A)}
=100 – {60 + 50 + 50 + 10 – 30 –20 –30}
=100 – 90
=10% students (Answer)

(ii)
Read only one of these three,
 n(A ∩ B'∩ C') + n(A' ∩ B ∩ C') + n(A' ∩ B'∩ C)
= {n(A) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C) –– n(A ∩ C)} + {n(B) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C) – n(A ∩ B) – n(B ∩ C)} – { n(C) +
n(A ∩ B ∩ C) – n(B ∩ C) – n(A ∩ C)}
= (60 + 10 –30 –30) + (50 + 10 – 30 –20) + (50 + 10 –30 – 20)
= 10 + 10 + 10
= 30% students (Answer)
(iii)
Read only two of these three,
 n(A ∩ B∩ C') + n(A ∩ B' ∩ C) + n(A' ∩ B ∩ C)
= {n(A ∩ B) – n(A ∩ B ∩ C)} + {n(B ∩ C) – n(A ∩ B ∩ C)} + {n(A ∩ C) – n(A ∩ B ∩ C)}
= (30 – 10) + (20 – 10) + (30 –10)
= 20 + 10 +20
= 50% students (Answer)

Group 06

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
1. In a certain Govt. office, there are 400 employees. There are 150 male, 212 married person, 276 university
graduates, 94 male university graduates, 151 married university graduates, 119 married male, and 72
married male university graduates. Find the number of single women who are not university graduates.
Solution:
Let,
A is the set of persons who are male.
B is the set of persons who are married.
C is the set of persons who are university graduate.
Now,
n(U) = 400
n(A) = 150 (the number of persons who are male)
n(B) = 21 (the number of persons who are married)
n(C) = 276 (the number of persons who are university graduate)
n(A⋂B) = 119 (married male)
n(B⋂C) = 151 (married university graduate)
n(A⋂C) = 94 (male university graduate)
n(A⋂B⋂C) = 72 (married male university graduate)
So, we have to the number of single women who are not university graduates
n(A′ ∩ B ′ ∩ C ′ )
= n(A ∪ B ∪ C)′
= n (U)– {(A) + n(B) + n(C) − n(A ∩ B) − n(A ∩ C) − n(B ∩ C) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C)}
= 400 − (150 + 212 + 276 + 72 − 94 − 151 − 119
= 54
54 is the number of single women who are not university graduates. (Answer)

2. A market research team interviewed 100 people asking each whether he would smoke any one or more of
the items: A cigarettes; B cigars; C pipe tobacco. The team returns the following data.
Category No Category No.
A 45 AB 16
B 24 BC 15
C 21 AC 12
- - ABC 8
Are the returns consistent?
Solution:
To determine whether the returns are consistent, we can analyse the data using set theory.
Let’s define the sets:
A: Number of people who smoke cigarettes (A =45)
B: Number of people who smoke cigars (B = 24)
C: Number of people who smoke pipe tobacco (C = 21)
A and B: Number of people who smoke both cigarettes and cigars (A∩B = 16)
B and C: Number of people who smoke both cigars and pipe tobacco (B∩C = 15)
A and C: Number of people who smoke both cigarettes and pipe tobacco (A∩C = 12)
A, B and C: Number of people who smoke all three items
(A∩B∩C) = 8
Now, let’s calculate the number of people who smoke at least one item:
A∪B∪C = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) − n(A ∩ B) − n(A ∩ C) − n(B ∩ C) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C)
= 45 + 24 + 21 – 16 − 15 − 12 + 8
= 75
According to the given data, the total number of people interviewed is 100.

Since the number of people who smoke at least one item is 75 and the total number of people interviewed is 100,
it implies that 25 people do not smoke any of the items (100-75= 25). This can be represented as: No = 25.
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 Therefore, the returns are consistent, as the number of people who do not smoke any item matches the difference
between the total number of people interviewed and the number of people
who smoke at least one item. (Answer)

3. In a survey of college students, it was found that 40% use their own books, 50% use library books, 30%
use borrowed books. 20% use both their own books and library books, 15% use their own books and
borrowed books, 10% use library books and borrowed books, and 4% use their own books, library books
and borrowed books. Calculate the percentage of students who do not use a book at all.
Solution:
Let,
n(U) = 100%
n(A) = 50% (students who use library books)
n(B) = 40% (students who use their own books)
n(C) = 30% (students who use borrowed books)
n(A ⋂ B) = 20% (students who use both their own books and library books)
n(B ⋂ C) = 15% (students who use both their own books and borrowed books)
n(A ⋂ C) = 10% (students who use both library books and borrowed books)
n(A ⋂ B ⋂ C) = 4% (students who use all three resources)
we know,
n(A′ ∩ B ′ ∩ C ′ ) = n (A ∪ B ∪ C)′
or, n(A ∪ B ∪ C)′ = n (U)– n (A ∪ B ∪ C)
or, n(A ∪ B ∪ C)′ = n (U)– {(A) + n(B) + n(C) − n(A ∩ B) − n(A ∩ C) − n(B ∩ C) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C)}
= 100% − (50% + 40% + 30% + 4% − 20% − 15% − 10%)
= 100% − 79%
 n(A ∪ B ∪ C) = 21%
′

So, the percentage of students who do not use a book at all is 21%. (Answer)

4. Complaints about work canteen fell into three categories. Complaints are about (i) Mess(M), (ii) Food(F),
(iii) Service(S). Total complaints 173 were received as follows: n (M) = 110, n (F) = 55, n(S) = 67, n
(MFS`) = 20, n (M`SF) = 16, n (F`SM) = 11. Determine the complaints about (i) all the three, (ii)
about two or more than two.
Solution:
Given that,
n(M) = 110
n(F) = 55
n(S) = 67
n (M∩F∩S`) = 20
n (M ′∩S∩F) = 16
n (F ′∩S∩M) = 11
n(U) = 173
(i)
n (M∩F∩S ′)
= n(M∩F)-n(M∩F∩S) [n (M∩F∩S) = x]
= n(M∩F) - x
= 20 - x
= 20 - 6
= 14
n(M ∪ F ∪ S)= n(M)+n(F)+n(S)+n(M ⋂ F⋂ S)-n(M ⋂ F)-n(M ⋂ S)-n(F ⋂ S)
⇒ 173 = 110 + 55+67+x-20-x-16-x-11-x
⇒ 173 = 232 -47 -3x+x
⇒ -185+173 = -2x
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 ⇒ 2x= 12 o
⇒ x = 6 = n(M ⋂ F⋂ S). (Answer)
(ii)
Two or more than two
= n (M∩F∩S') +n (M∩F' ∩S) +n (M' ∩F∩S) + n (M∩F∩S)
= 20 + 16 +11 + 6
= 53 (Answer)

5. Out of 100 students of the institute of modern languages of the R.U. 42 have taken French, 30 have taken
German, 28 have taken Spanish, 10 have taken both French and Spanish, 8 have taken both German and
Spanish, 5 have taken both German and French, while 3 students have taken all the three languages.
a) How many students have taken none of the three languages?
b) How many students have taken just one of the three languages?
c) How many students have taken only two of the three languages?
Solution:
Based on the given information, we can determine the sizes of these sets:
n(F) = 42 (students who have taken French)
n(G) = 30 (students who have taken German)
n(S) = 28 (students who have taken Spanish)
n(F⋂G) = 5 (students who have taken both French and German)
n(F⋂S) = 10 (students who have taken both French and Spanish)
n(G⋂S) = 8 (students who have taken both German and Spanish)
n(F⋂G⋂S) = 3 (students who have taken all three languages)
(a)
The number of students who have taken none of the three languages
n(F∪G∪S) = n(F) + n(G) + n(S) - n(F⋂G) - n(F⋂S) -n (G⋂S) + n(F⋂G⋂S)
n(F∪G∪S) = 42 + 30 + 28 - 5 - 10 - 8 + 3 = 80
None of the three languages = total students - n(F∪G∪S)
= 100 - 80
= 20 (Answer)
(b)
The number of students who have taken just one of the three languages,

Just French = n(F) - n(F⋂G) - n(F⋂S) - n(F⋂G⋂S) = (42 - 5 - 10 – 3) = 24

Just German = n(G) - n(F⋂G) - n(G⋂S) - n(F⋂G⋂S) = (30 - 5 - 8 – 3) = 14
Just Spanish = n(S) - n(F⋂S) - n(G⋂S) - n(F⋂G⋂S) = (28 - 10 - 8 – 3) = 7

(c)
The number of students who have taken only two of the three languages,

Just French and German = n(F⋂G) - n(F⋂G⋂S) = 5 - 3 = 2;

Just French and Spanish = n(F⋂S) - n(F⋂G⋂S) = 10 - 3 = 7;
Just German and Spanish = n(G⋂S) -n(F⋂G⋂S) = 8 - 3 = 5;

Therefore, the breakdown is as follows:

20 students have taken none of the three languages
24 students have taken just French,
14 students have taken just German,
7 students have taken just Spanish,
2 students have taken only French and German,
7 students have taken only French and Spanish,
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 5 students have taken only German and Spanish. (Answer)

Group 07
𝟏 𝟐 𝟓 𝟏
1. (𝐱 − 𝐱
) +𝟗= 𝟐
(𝐱 + 𝐱 + 𝟐)
Solution:
𝟏 𝟐 𝟓 𝟏
(𝐱 − 𝐱 ) + 𝟗 = 𝟐 (𝐱 + 𝐱 + 𝟐)
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟓 𝟏
Or, {(𝐱 + 𝐱 ) − 𝟒. 𝐱. 𝐱 } +9 = 𝟐 (𝐱 + 𝐱 + 𝟐)
𝟏 𝟐 𝟓 𝟏
Or. (𝐱 + 𝐱 ) − 𝟒 + 𝟗= 𝟐 (𝐱 + 𝐱 + 𝟐)
𝟓 𝟏
Or, 𝐚𝟐 +5=𝟐(a+2) (Let (𝐱 + 𝐱 ) =a)
Or, 𝟐𝐚𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟓𝐚 + 𝟏𝟎
Or, 𝟐𝐚𝟐 -5a= 0
Or, a(2a-5) = 0

Or, 2a-5=0
𝟓
Or, a = 𝟐
𝟏 𝟓
Or, 𝐱 + 𝐱 = 𝟐
𝐱 𝟐 +𝟏 𝟓
Or, 𝐱
=𝟐
𝟐
Or,𝟐𝐱 + 𝟐 − 𝟓𝐱 = 𝟎
Or, 𝟐𝐱 𝟐 - 4x - x +2= 0
Or, 2x(x-2) - 1(x-2) = 0
Or, (x-2) (2x-1) = 0
X=2 2x = 1
𝟏
x = 𝟐
𝟏
Answer: X = ± 1, 2, 𝟐

2. 𝟐𝐱 𝟑 − 𝟑𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟑𝟐𝐱 + 𝟒𝟖 = 𝟎
Solution:
Given that,
2x 3 − 3x 2 − 32x + 48 = 0
x 2 (2𝑥 − 3) − 16(2x − 3) = 0
⇒ (2𝑥 − 3) (x 2 − 16) = 0
Either, Or,
2𝑥 − 3 = 0 x 2 − 16 = 0
⇒ 2𝑥 = 3 ⇒ x 2 = 16
3
𝑥 = ⇒ x = ±√16
2
 x = ±4
3
Answer: 𝑥 = , ±4
2

3. Between two consecutive numbers, if one–fourth of the smaller one exceeds the one-fifth of larger one by
3. Find out the numbers.
Solution:
Let,
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 The smaller number = x
The large number = x+1
According to the condition,
x x+1
4
= 5
+3
x x + 1 + 15
=
4 5
Or, 5x = 4x+4+60
Or, x = 64
As the smaller number is 64 and the large number is (64+1) = 65 (Answer)

4. In any fraction if the numerators is multiplied by 3 and 5 is added its denominator, the value of fraction
𝟏
becomes 𝟐
. But if the denominator is doubled and if 6 is added to its numerator, the value of fraction
becomes double. Find the required fraction.
Solution:
Let,
The numerator of the function = x
The denominator of the function = y

According to the condition,

3x 1
y+5
= 2 … … … … (i)
x+6
= 1 … … … … (ii)
2y

From the equation …… (i)

3x 1
y+5
=2
⇒ y + 5 = 6x
 y = 6x − 5 … … … … (iii)

Putting the value of equation (iii) in equation (ii)

x+6
2y
=1 ⇒ x + 6 = 12x − 10
x+6
⇒ =1 ⇒ 12x − x = 6 + 10
2(6x−5)
x+6
⇒ 12−10
=1 ⇒ 11x = 16
16
 x = 11
Putting the value of (x) in equation (iii),
96−55
y = 6x − 5 ⇒ 11
16 41
⇒ (6 × )− 5 ⇒
11 11
96 41
⇒ − 5 y =
11 11

Here we get,
16
The numerator is ‘x’ = 11
41
The denominator is ‘y’ = 11

16
x 16 11 16
So, the function is, y = 11
41 = 11 × 41 ⇒ 41 (Answer)
11

5. A company (Co.) produces two types of soaps. The price of each soap of one kind is Tk.9 and the price of
another kind is Tk.8. The company sold soaps for Tk.9,300. But due to increase in cost of production, the

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 price of first kind soap will be increased by tk.1 and other kind’s price by Tk.1.5. Then total sales of soap
will be Tk.10,700. Find out the number of each kind of soap sold.
Solution:
Let,
The number of 1st kind of soap = x
The number of 2nd kind of soap = y
According to the condition,
9x + 8y = 9300 … … … (i)
10x + 9.5y = 10700 … … … (ii)

From the equation …(i)

9x + 8y = 9300
⇒ 9x = 9300 − 8y
9300−8y
x = ……… (iii)
9

Putting the value of equation (iii) in equation (ii),

9300 − 8y
10 ( ) + 9.5y = 10700 ⇒ 9300 + 5.5y = 96300
9
93000 − 80y
⇒ + 9.5y = 10700 ⇒ 5.5y = 96300 − 93000
9
93000 − 80y
⇒ = 10700 ⇒ 5.5y = 3300
9
93000 + 5.5y 3300
⇒ = 10700 ⇒ y=
9 5.5
 y = 600

Putting the value of ‘y’ in equation (iii).

9300 − 8y 4500
x= =
9 9
9300 − (8 × 600)
=  x = 500
9
93000 − 48oo
=
9

Answer: The 1st kind of soap is sold (x) = 500

The 2nd kind of soap is sold (y) = 600

Group 08
𝟏 𝟏
1. 𝟔 (𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐱𝟐
)+ 𝟓 (𝐱 + 𝐱) − 𝟑𝟖 = 𝟎
Solution:
1 1
6 (x 2 + x2 ) + 5 (x + x) − 38 = 0
1 2 1 1
⇒ 6{(x + x) − 2. x. x } + 5 (x + x) − 38 = 0
1
⇒ 6(a2 − 2) + 5a − 38 = 0 [x + x = a]
⇒ 6a2 − 12 + 5a − 38 = 0
⇒ 6a2 + 5a − 50 = 0
⇒ 6a2 + 20a − 15a − 50 = 0
⇒ 2a(3a + 10) − 5(3a − 10) = 0
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 ⇒ (2a − 5) (3a + 10) = 0
Either, 2a − 5 = 0
⇒ 2a = 5
⇒a=
1 5
⇒x+x=2
x2 +1 5
⇒ x
=2
2
⇒ 2x + 2 = 5x
⇒ 2x 2 − 5x + 2 = 0
⇒ 2x 2 − 4x − x + 2 = 0
⇒ 2x(x − 2) − 1(x − 2) = 0
⇒ (x − 2)(2x − 1) = 0
Now, x − 2 = 0 and 2x − 1 = 0
x = 2 ⇒2x = 1
1
x =
2
And, 3a + 10 = 0
⇒ 3a = −10
10
⇒a=−
3
1 10
⇒x+x=− 3
x2 +1 10
⇒ x
= −3
2
⇒ 3x + 3 = −10x
⇒ 3x 2 + 10x + 3 = 0
⇒ 3x 2 + 9x + x + 3 = 0
⇒ 3x(x + 3) + 1(x + 3) = 0
⇒ (x + 3)(3x + 1) = 0
Now, x + 3 = 0 and, 3x + 1 = 0
x = −3 ⇒ 3x = −1
1
x = − 3
1 1
Answer: x = 2, 2 , −3 and − 3

2. 4x4 – 16x3 + 23x2 – 16x + 4 = 0

Solution:
Here given,
4x 4 – 16x 3 + 23x 2 – 16x + 4 = 0
⇒ 4x 4 + 4 – 16x 3 – 16x + 23x 2 = 0
4 16
⇒ 4x 2 + x2 − 16x − x
+ 23 = 0 [Divided by x 2 ]
1 1
⇒ 4 (x 2 + x2 ) − 16 (x + x) + 23 = 0
1 2 1 1
⇒ 4 {(x + x) − 2. x. x} − 16 (x + x) + 23 = 0
1
⇒ 4(a2 − 2) − 16a + 23 = 0 [Let, x + x = a]
⇒ 4a2 − 8 − 16a + 23 = 0
⇒ 4a2 − 16a + 15 = 0
⇒ 4a2 − 10a − 6a + 15 = 0
⇒ 2a(2a − 5) − 3(2a − 5) = 0
⇒ (2a − 3) (2a − 5)=0

Now, 2a − 3 = 0
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 1
⇒ 2 (x + ) − 3 = 0
x
x2 +1
⇒ 2( )− 3=0
x
2
2x +2
⇒ x
=3
2
⇒ 2x + 2 = 3x
⇒ 2x 2 − 3x + 2 = 0
−(−3) ± √(−3)2 −4×2×2
⇒ x= 2×2
3 ± √9−16
⇒ x= 4
3 ± √−7
⇒ x= 4
3 ± √i
⇒ x= 4

Again, 2a − 5 = 0
1
⇒ 2 (x + ) − 5 = 0
x
x2 +1
⇒ 2( )− 5=0
x
2
2x +2
⇒ =5
x
2
⇒ 2x + 2 = 5x
⇒ 2x 2 − 5x + 2 = 0
⇒ 2x 2 − 4x − x + 2 = 0
⇒ 2x(x − 2) − 1(x − 2) = 0
⇒ (x − 2)(2x − 1) = 0
X−2 =0 and, 2x − 1 = 0
x = 2 ⇒ 2x = 1
1
x=
2
1 3 ± √i
Answer: x = , 2 and
2 4

3. The sum of digits of any number consisting of 3 digit is 12 and difference between 2nd and 3rd digit is 2
and if 99 is subtracted from the number, the 1st and 3rd digits interchange between those. Determine the
number.
Solution:
Let,
The 1st number of digit = x
The 2nd number of digit = y
The 3rd number of digit = z

According to the condition,

x + y = 12 … … … (i)
y−z=2
 y = 2 + z … … … (ii)

Now, 100x + 10y + z − 99 = 100z + 10y + x

⇒ 100x − x + 10y − 10y + z − 100z − 99 = 0
⇒ 99x − 99z − 99 = 0
⇒ 99(x − z − 1) = 0
⇒x−z−1=0
x = z + 1 … … … (iii)

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 Putting the value of equation (iii) in equation (i),
x+y+z = 2 ⇒ 3z = 12 − 3
⇒ z + 1 + y + z = 12 ⇒ 3z = 9
9
⇒ z + 1 + 2 + z + z = 12 ⇒ z=
3
⇒ 3z + 3 = 12  z=3

Putting the value of ‘z’ in equation (ii),

y=2+z
=2+3
=5
Putting the value of ‘z’ in equation (ii),
x=z+1
=3+1
=4
S0, the number is = 100x + 10y + z
= (100 × 4) + (10 × 5) + 3
= 400 + 50 + 3
= 453 (Answer)

4. The price of one unit of goods of a company is p and amount of demand, q. If demand equation is pq=100
and supply equation is, 20+3p=q, determine the equilibrium price and quantity.
Solution:
Given that,
Demand equation, pq = 100 ……... (ii)
Supply equation, 20 + 3p = q ……... (ii)
From the equation (i),
The equilibrium price = p
The equilibrium quantity = q
From equation (i)
pq = 100
100
p = q
……… (iii)

100
20 + 3 ( q
) =q ⇒ q2 − 20q − 300 = 0
300
⇒ 20 + =q ⇒ q2 − 30q + 10q − 300 = 0
q
q2 − 300
⇒ = 20 ⇒ q (q − 30) + 10 (q − 30)
q
⇒ q2 − 300 = 20q ⇒ (q + 10)(q − 30) = 0

Either, Or,
q + 10 = 0
 q = 30  q = −10 (Quantity ignor the negative value)

Putting the value of ‘q’ in equation (iii),

100 100 10
p= q
= 30
= 3
= 3.33
Answer: Price = 3.33 and Quantity = 30

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
5. Determine the equilibrium price and quantity, if the demand and supply equations are: 4q + 9p = 48 and
q
p= + 2 respectively, where p indicates price and q indicates quantity.
9
Solution:
Let, Price = p and, Quantity = q
Given that,
4q + 9p = 48 ……… (i)
q
p= 9
+2 ……… (i)
From the equation (ii),
q + 18
p= 9
……… (iii)

Putting the value of equation (iii) in (ii),

q+18
4q + 9 ( 9
) = 48 ⇒ 45q = 432 − 162
9q +162
⇒ 4q + 9
= 48 ⇒ 45q = 270
36q + 9q + 162 270
⇒ = 48 ⇒ q=
9 45
⇒ 45q + 162 = 432  q=6
⇒ 45q + 162 = 432

Putting the value of ‘q’ in equation (iii),

q +18
p= 9
6 +18
= 9
24
=
9
 p = 2.67
Answer: The equilibrium price, p = 2.67
And the quantity, q = 2.67

Group 09
𝟏 𝟐 𝟓 𝟏
1. (𝐱 − 𝐱 ) + 𝟒 = 𝟐
(𝐱 + 𝐱 )
Solution:
1 2 5 1
Given that, (x − x) + 4 = 2
(x + x)

1 2 1 5 1
⇒ { (x + x) − 4. x. x} + 4 = 2 (x + x)
5a 1
⇒ (a2 − 4) + 4 = 2
[Let, x + x = a]
5a
⇒ a2 = 2
⇒ 2a2 = 5a
⇒ a(2a − 5) = 0
Either, a = 0 Again, 2a − 5 = 0
1
⇒x+ = 0 x
⇒ 2a = 5
x2 +1 5
⇒ x
=0 ⇒a=2
2 1 5
⇒x +1=0 ⇒x+x=2
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 x2 +1 5
⇒ x 2 = −1 ⇒ x
=2
⇒ x = √−1 ⇒ 2x2 + 2 = 5x
⇒ x = ±1 ⇒ 2x2 − 5x + 2 = 0
⇒ 2x2 − 4x − x + 2 = 0
⇒ 2x(x − 2) − 1(x + 2) = 0
⇒ (x − 2) (2x − 1) = 0
Now, x − 2 = 0 and, 2x − 1 = 0
x =2 ⇒ 2x = 1
1
x=2
1
Answer:x = ±1, 2 and 2

2. √𝟐𝐱 + 𝟏 √𝟑𝐱 + 𝟒 = 𝟕
Solution:
Given that, √2x + 1 √3x + 4 = 7
⇒ √2x + 1 = 7 − √3x + 4
⇒ (√2x + 1 )2 = (7 − √3x + 4)2
⇒ 2x + 1 = (7)2 − 2 × 7×√3x + 4 +(√3x + 4)2
⇒ 2x + 1 = 49 − 14 √3x + 4 + 3x + 4
⇒ 2x − 3x + 1 − 4 − 49 = −14 √3x + 4
⇒ −x − 52 = −14 √3x + 4
⇒ x + 52 = −14 √3x + 4
2
⇒ (x + 52)2 = (14 √3x + 4)
⇒ x 2 + 104x + 2704 = 196 (3x + 4)
⇒ x 2 + 104x + 2704 = 588x + 784
⇒ x 2 + 104x − 588x + 2704 − 784 = 0
⇒ x 2 − 484x + 1920 = 0
⇒ x 2 − 4x − 480x + 1920 = 0
⇒ x(x − 4) − 480(x − 4) = 0
⇒ (x − 4) (x − 480) = 0
Now, x − 4 = 0 and, x − 480 = 0
x = 4 x = 480
Answer: x = 4 and 480

3. By solving the following equations, find out the equations, find out the equilibrium price and quantity, p
qd q 5
+ = 10, and p = s + , where qd indicates supply.
2 3 3
Solution:
Given that,
q
p + 2 = 10
q
or, p = 10 − 2
20−q
or, p = … … (1)
2
q 5
Also, p = 3 + 3
q+5
or, p = 3 … … … (2)

According to condition,

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 20−q q+5
=
2 3
or, 60 − q = 2q + 10
or, 60 − 3q − 2q − 10 = 0
or, 50 − 5q = 0
or, − 5q = −50
or, q = 10

Let, putting q′ s value into (2) we get,

q+5
p= 3
10+5
or, p = 3
15
or, p =
3
∴ p=5
So, the equilibrium price is 5 and quantity 10. (Answer)
4. From the following market model: determine equilibrium price and quantity, 𝐐𝐝 =24-2p, and 𝐐𝐬 =-
5+7p,(given 𝐐𝐝 =𝐐𝐬 )
Solution:
Given that,
Q d = 24 − 2p
Q s = −5 + 7p
Again, Q d = Q s
Or, 24 − 2p=−5 + 7p
Or, 7p+2p=24+5
Or, 9p=29
29
∴p=
9

So, The Equilibrium price,

Q d = 24 − 2p
29
=24-(2× 9
)
58
=24- 9
216−58
= 9
158
= 9
Equilibrium Quantity,
Q s = −5 + 7p
29
= -5+(7× 9
)
203−45
=
9
158
= 9
So, here we again see that the equilibrium price and the quantity are same, Q d = Q s

5. A year book is produced at a cost of taka 13.08 per copy and is sold at taka 12 per copy. To make up for
this apparent loss, advertising produce revenue equal to 14% of the revenue received from the sale of all
copies after the first 5000. What is the least number of year books that must be sold in order that the
publishers will suffer no loss?
Solution:
Let,
The publication must be sold amount = x
The total sell for avoid loss = (5000 + x)
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 Revenue from advertisement = 12𝑥 𝑜𝑓 14%
14
= 12𝑥 ×
100
168𝑥
=
100
So according to condition,
168𝑥
12𝑥 + + (12 × 5000) = 13.08𝑥 + (13.08 × 5000)
100
168𝑥
⇒ + 60000 = 13.08𝑥 + 65400 − 12𝑥
100
⇒ 1.68𝑥 + 60000 = 13.08𝑥 + 65400 − 12𝑥
⇒ 1.68𝑥 − 13.08𝑥 + 12𝑥 = 65400 − 60000
⇒ 0.6𝑥 = 5400
5400
⇒ 𝑥=
0.6
 𝑥 = 9000

After 5000 the publications have to sell another 9000 copies.

So, the total sell for avoid loss,
5000 + 𝑥
⇒ 5000 + 9000
 14000
Answer: The total sell for avoid loss = 14000

Group 10
x x+16 25
1. √x+16 + √ x
= 12
Solution:

2. 3x 2 − 18 + √3x 2 − 4x − 6 = 4x

3. A certain number of bicycles model ‘Hino’ were bought for Tk. 2,880. Later, the price was reduced Tk. 8 per
bicycle, and 12 more machines could be purchased for the same outlay. How many were bought originally.
Solution:
Number of bicycles bought=x
2880
Price per bicycle = x
New Quantity = x+12
2880
New Price = x
− 8

According to the information,

2880
( x
− 8 ) (x + 12) = 2880
2880x−8x2 +34560−96x
Or, = 2880
x
2
Or, 2880x-8x + 34560-96x=2880x
Or, 8(x 2 + 12x − 4320) = 0
Or, x 2 + 72x − 60x − 4320 = 0
Or, x(x + 72) − 60(x + 72) = 0
Or, (x-60) (x+72) = 0
X = 60, -72
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 So, a total of 60 bicycles were bought originally (Answer)
4. A man says to his son, “Seven years ago I was seven times as old as you were, and three years hence, I shall be
three times as old as you.” Find their present ages.
Solution:
Present age of son = x
Son’s age 7 years ago = x − 7
Fathers age seven years ago = (x − 7)7 = 7x − 49
Son’s age three years hence = x + 3
Fathers age 3 years hence = 3(x + 3)
Fathers current age = 7x − 49 − 7 = 7x − 42 and 3x + 6 − 3 = 3x + 3

According to the information

7x − 42 = 3x + 6
Or, 7x − 3x = 42 + 6
Or, 4x = 48
 x = 12 (Present age of son)

Present age of father = 7 × 12 − 42 = 84 − 42 = 42 years

So, the present age of father is 42 and son is 12 years (Answer)

5. Monthly income of two persons in the ratio of 4:5 and their monthly expenditure is in ratio of 7:9. If each save
taka 50 per month, find the monthly income of both of the person.
Solution:
Let,
Income = x
Expenditure = y
4x − 7y = 50 … … … (i)
5x − 9y = 50 … … … (ii)

Multiplying first equation with 5 and second equation with 4:

20x − 35y = 250
20x − 36y = 200
− + −
y = 50

Now, putting the value of y into the first equation

4x − 7 × 50 = 50
Or, 4x = 350 + 50
400
Or, x =
4
 x = 100
The ratio of income for the two persons are 4:5
Income of 1st person = 4×100=400 Taka and Income of 2nd person = 4 ×100=500 Taka. (Answer)

Group 11
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
1. (𝐱 − 𝐱
) − 𝟏𝟎 (𝐱 − 𝐱 ) + 𝟐𝟒 = 𝟎
Solution:
Given that,
1 2 1
(x − x) − 10 (x − x) + 24 = 0
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 1
Or, a2 − 10a + 24 = 0 (Let, x − x = a)
𝐎𝐫, a2 − 6a − 4a + 24 = 0
𝐎𝐫, 𝑎(𝑎 − 6) − 4(a − 6) = 0
𝐎𝐫, (𝑎 − 4) (𝑎 − 6) = 0
𝐸𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟, 𝑜𝑟,
𝑎−4=0 𝑎−6=0
1 1
𝐎𝐫, x − − 4 = 0 𝑶𝒓, x − − 6 = 0
x x
1 1
𝐎𝐫, x − = 4 𝑶𝒓, x − = 6
x x
x2 − 1 x2 − 1
𝐎𝐫, =4 𝑶𝒓, =6
x x
𝐎𝐫, x 2 − 1 = 4𝑥 𝑶𝒓, x 2 − 1 = 6𝑥
𝐎𝐫, x 2 − 4x − 1 = 0 𝑶𝒓, x 2 − 6x − 1 = 0
−(−4)±√(−4)2 −4×1×−1 −(−6)±√(−6)2 −4×1×−1
Or, 𝒙 = 2×1
𝑶𝒓, 𝒙 = 2×1
4 ± √16 + 4 6 ± √36 + 4
= =
2 2
4 ± √20 6 ± √40
= =
2 2
4 ± 2√5 6 ± 2√10
= =
2 2
2(2 ± √5) 2(
= =
2 2
= 2 ± √5 = 3 ± √10
Answer: x = (2 ± √5 , 3 ± √10 )

(
2. x2 - 3 + 3 x + ) ( )
3+2 =0
Solution:
Given that,
x2 - ( 3+3 x+ ) ( )
3+2 =0
−𝑏±√𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
 x= 2𝑎

−(−√3 + 3) ± √(−√3 + 3)2 − 4 × 1 × (√3 + 2)

=
2×1
−(−√3 + 3) ± √{(−3)2 + 2 × −√3 × 3 + 32 } − 4√3 − 8
=
2
−(−√3 + 3) ± √3 − 6√3 − 4√3 − 8
=
2
−(−√3 + 3) ± √3 + 9 − 8 + 6√3 − 4√3
=
2
−(−√3 + 3) ± √4 + 2√3
= (𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓)
2

3. Total salary of A and B is equal. If A gets 65% allowance of his basic salary and B gets 80% of his
basic salary. What was the basic salary of A if the basic salary of B is 1100?
Solution:
Let,
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 The basic salary of A = x
According to the condition,
x + 65% of x = 1100 + 80% of 1100
65 80
⇒x+ x = 1100 + × 1100
100 100
13𝑥
⇒x+ = 1100 + 880
20
20𝑥 + 13𝑥
⇒ = 1980
20
⇒ 33𝑥 = 39600
39600
⇒𝑥=
33
 𝑥 = 1200
Answer: The basic salary of A is 1200 Taka.

4. A horse and a cow were sold for Tk. 3040 making a profit of 25% on the horse and 10% on the cow.
By selling them for Tk. 3070, the profit realized would have been 10% on the horse and 25% on the
cow. Find the cost price of each.
Solution:
Let,
The cost price of the horse = x
The cost price of the cow = y
According to the condition,
(𝑥 + 25% 𝑜𝑓 𝑥) + (𝑦 + 10% 𝑜𝑓 𝑦) = 3040
25 10
⇒ (𝑥 + × 𝑥) + (𝑦 + × 𝑦) = 3040
100 100
𝑥 𝑦
⇒ (𝑥 + ) + (𝑦 + ) = 3040
4 10
𝑥 𝑦
⇒ 𝑥 + = 3040 − 𝑦 −
4 10
4𝑥 + 𝑥 30400 − 10𝑦 − 𝑦
⇒ =
4 10
5𝑥 30400 − 11𝑦
⇒ =
4 10
⇒ 50𝑥 = 121600 − 44𝑦
121600 − 44𝑦
⇒𝑥= … … … … … . (𝑖)
50
Again,
(𝑥 + 10% 𝑜𝑓 𝑥) + (𝑦 + 25% 𝑜𝑓 𝑦) = 3070
𝑥 𝑦
⇒ (𝑥 + ) + (𝑦 + ) = 3070
10 4
𝑦 𝑥
⇒ 𝑦 + = 3040 − 𝑥 −
4 10
4𝑦 + 𝑦 30700 − 10𝑥 − 𝑥
⇒ =
4 10
5𝑦 30400 − 11𝑥
⇒ =
4 10
⇒ 50𝑦 = 122800 − 44𝑥
121600 − 44𝑦
⇒ 50𝑦 = 122800 − 44 × (Putting the value of x)
50
5350400 + 1936𝑦
⇒ 50𝑦 = 122800 −
50
61,40,000 − 53,50,400 + 1936𝑦
⇒ 50𝑦 =
50

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 ⇒ 2500𝑦 = 61,40,000 − 53,50,400 + 1936𝑦
⇒ 2500𝑦 − 1936𝑦 = 7,89,600
⇒ 564𝑦 = 7,89,600
7,89,600
⇒ 𝑦 =
564
 𝑦 = 1400
Putting the value of y in equation (i),
121600 − 44 × 1400
𝑥=
50
121600 − 61600
⇒𝑥=
50
60000
⇒𝑥=
50
𝑥 = 1200
Answer: The cost price of horse = 1200
The cost price of cow = 1400

5. By selling a table for Tk. 56, gain is as much percent as its cost is Taka. What is the cost price?
Solution:
Let,
The cost price = x
According to the condition,
(𝑥 + 𝑥% 𝑜𝑓 𝑥) = 56
𝑥
⇒𝑥+ × 𝑥 = 56
100
𝑥2
⇒𝑥+ = 56
100
100𝑥 + 𝑥 2
⇒ = 56
100
⇒ 100𝑥 + 𝑥 2 = 5600
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 100𝑥 − 5600 = 0
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 140𝑥 − 40𝑥 − 5600 = 0
⇒ 𝑥(𝑥 + 140) − 40(𝑥 + 140) = 0
⇒ (𝑥 − 40) (𝑥 + 140)) = 0
Either, 𝑥 − 40 = 0 𝑜𝑟, 𝑥 + 140 = 0
 𝑥 = 40  𝑥 = −140 (𝑁𝑜𝑡 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒)
Answer: The cost price is 40 Taka.

Group 12
x y 13
1) √y + √x = 6
and xy = 36

Solution:
x y 13
Given that, √y + √x = 6

And, xy = 36
36
x = y
x+y 13
⇒ √xy = 6
36
+y 13
y
⇒ √36
= 6
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 36 + y 2
y 13
⇒ =
6 6
36+y2
⇒ =6
y
2
⇒ y − 13y + 36 = 0
⇒ y 2 − 9y − 4y+36=0
⇒ y(y− 9) −4(y−4)=0
⇒ (y − 4)(y − 9) = 0
∴ y = 9 or, y = 4
36
if y=9 then x= 9
=4
36
If y = 4 then x = 4
=9
∴ (x, y) = (9,4), (4,9) (Ans.)

1 1 1 1
2) x2
+ y2 = 13 and x
+ y
=5
Solution:
1 1
Given that, x2
+ y2 =13 -----1
y2 +x2
⇒ = 13
x2 y2
(x+y)2 −2xy
⇒ x2 y2
=13
2 2 2
⇒ (5xy) -2xy=13x y [ From (3)]
⇒ 25x 2 y 2-2xy = 13x 2 y 2
⇒ 12x 2 y 2-2xy =0
⇒ 2xy(6xy-1) = 0
⇒ 6xy-1 =0
⇒ 6xy = 1
1
⇒ xy = 6
1
∴ x = 6y -------(5)
1 1
And, x
+ y =5 -----2
x+y
⇒ xy
=5
⇒ x + y = 5xy … … … 3
x+y
⇒ xy = 5
------4
Put (5) in (4)-
1
1 +y
6y
⇒ 6y
. y = 5
1 1+6y2 1
⇒ 5
= 6y ×5
1+6y2
⇒1= 5y
2
⇒ 6y - 5y +1 = 0
⇒ 6y 2 - 2y - 3y +1 = 0
⇒ 3y(2y-1) - 1(2y-1) = 0
⇒ (2y -1) (3y -1) = 0
∴ 2y-1 = 0 or, 3y-1 = 0
1 1
⇒y=2 ⇒ y= 3

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 1 1 1
When, y = 2 Then, x = 1 =3
6×
2
1 1 1
And when, y = 3 Then, x = 1 =2
6×
3
1 1 1 1
∴ (x, y) = ( 3 , 2) , (2 , 3
) (Answer)

1 1 1 1
3) x2
+ y2 = 13 and x − y
=1
1 1
Given that, x2 + y2
= 13 … … … (1)
1 1
𝐀𝐧𝐝, − = 1 ------(2)
x y
y−x
⇒ =1
xy
⇒ y – x = xy ----3

1 1
x2
+ y2
= 13
y2 +x2
⇒ x2 y2
= 13
( y−x)2 +2xy
⇒ x2 y2
= 13
⇒ ( y − x) + 2xy = 13x 2 y 2
2

⇒ (xy)2 + 2xy = 13x 2 y 2

⇒ x 2 y 2 + 2xy = 13x 2 y 2
⇒ 12x 2 y2 − 2xy=0
⇒ 2xy(6xy-1) = 0
⇒(6xy-1) = 0
⇒ 6xy = 1
1
x= ----(4)
6y

Put (4) in (3) –

1 1
y- = .y
6y 6y
6y2 −1 1
⇒ 6y
=6
6y2 −1
⇒ =1
y
2
⇒ 6y - y – 1 = 0
⇒ 6y 2 - 3y+2y – 1 = 0
⇒ 3y(2y-1) +1 (2y -1) = 0
⇒(2y -1) (3y+ 1) = 0
∴ (3y+ 1) = 0 or, (2y -1) = 0
1 1
⇒ y = −3 y= 2
1 1 1
If, y = − 3 Then, x = 1 = 2
6.−
3
1 1 1
And If, y = 2
Then, x = 1 =- 3
6.
2
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
∴ (x, y) = ( 𝟐 , − 𝟑 ), (− 𝟑 , 𝟐 )

4) In a perfect competition, the demand curve of a commodity is D = 20 – 3p – P2 and the supply curve is S = 5p –
1. Where p is price, D is demand and S is supply. Find the equilibrium price and the quantity exchanged.
Given that,
Demand curve, D = 20 – 3p - p2
Supply Curve, S = 5p – 1
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 Under Perfect Competition D=S
⇒ 20 – 3p - p2 = 5p – 1
⇒ p2 +8p -21 = 0
−8±√82 −4.1.(−21)
∴p= 2.1
−8±√64+84
= 2
−8±√148
= 2
−8±√4×37
= 2
−8±2√37
= 2
2(−4±√37)
= 2
= −4 ± √37
= −4 ± 6.08
= −4 + 6.08 or, −4 − 6.08
= 2.08 or, -10.08
Price is always positive. So, we can say price P is = 2.08 Now, supply = 5 × 2.08 − 1 = 10.40 − 1 = 9.40
Since quantity cannot be possible to be fraction, so we omit fraction number. We can write quantity = 9 Thus,
price = 2.08 and quantity = 9

5) The sum of pay of two lecturers is Tk. 1600 per month. If the pay of one lecturer be decreased by 9% and the
pay of the second be increased by 17%, their pays become equal. Find the pay of each lecturer.

Let,
1st lecturer to pay = x
2nd lecturer to pay = y
Now, according to question-
x + y = 1600
x = 1600 – y -------(1)
According to 2nd condition –
x – 9% of x = y + 17% of y
⇒ x – .09x = y + 0.17y
⇒ 0.91x = 1.17y
⇒ 0.91(1600 − y) = 1.17y
⇒ 1456 − 0.91y = 1.17y
⇒ 2.08y = 1456
1456
⇒y = = 700
2.08
Now, put the value of y in (1)
x = 1600 – 700 = 900
∴ 𝐱 = 𝟗𝟎𝟎 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐲 = 𝟕𝟎𝟎
So, the pay of each teacher 900 and 700 respectively. (Answer)

Group 13
2 3 1 1 1
1. + = 5, – =
x y x 2y 2
Solution:
Given,
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 2 3
+ =5
x y
1 1 1
And, x - 2y = 2
2y−x 1
Or, 2xy
=2
Or, xy= 2y – x ------(1)

2 3
x
+ y
=5
2y+3x
Or, xy
= 5
Or, 5xy = 2y+3x
Or, 5(2y−x) = 2y+3x
Or, 10y-5x-2y-3x = 0
Or, 8y-8x = 0
Or, y= x ---------(2)
Putting the value into (1)
x×x=2×x−x
Or, x 2 =x
Or, x 2 −x=0
Or, x(x−1) =0
or, x−1=0
Or, x=1
And,
y=1
So, x=1 and, y=1 (Ans:)

x−1 3x+2
2. √3x+2 − 2 √ x−1 = 3

Solution Empty
√12−x 3
3. =
5 2+√12−x

Solution Empty
4. A man’s income from interest and wages is Tk. 500. He doubles his investment and also gets and increases of
50% in wages and his income increase to Tk. 800. What was his original income separately in terms of interest
(I) and wages (W)?
Solution:
Let,
Interest = x
Wages = 500 – x
According to the condition,
2x + 500 − x + 50% of (500) = 800
1
⇒ x + 500 + (500 − x) = 800
2
x
⇒ x + 500 + 250 − = 800
2
x
⇒ x − = 800 − 500 − 250
2
2x − x
⇒ = 50
2

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 x
⇒ = 50
2
x = 50 × 2 = 100
So, wages = (500 − 100) = 400
Answer: Interest = 100 Taka and Wages =400 Taka.

5. For a certain commodity, the demand equation giving demand, d in kg. for a price, p in Tk. per kg. is d = p2 -
94p + 1000; the supply equation is giving the supply s in kg. for a price, p in Tk. per kg is s = 3000 – 14p. The
market price is such that the demand equals supply. Find the market price and the quantity that will be bought
and sold.
Solution:
Given that,
d = p2 − 94p + 1000
s = 3000 − 14p
Under perfect competition, D = S
⇒ p2 − 94p + 1000 = 3000 − 14p
⇒ p2 − 94p + 14p + 1000 − 3000 = 0
⇒ p2 − 80p − 2000 = 0
⇒ p2 − 100p + 20p − 2000 = 0
⇒ p (p − 100) + 20 (p − 100) = 0
⇒ (p + 20) (p − 100) = 0
Either, p + 20 = 0 Or, p − 100 = 0
p = −20 p = 100
Now, supply, s = 3000 − (14 × 100)
= 3000 − 1400
= 1600
Answer: Price = 100 and Quantity =1600

Group 14
1. Prove that, the points A (4, 3), B (7, -1) and C (9, 3) are the vertices of an isosceles triangle.
Solution:
Let, A(4,3)
(4,3) is point ‘A’
(7, -1) is point ‘B’
(9,3) is point ‘C’
B (7, -1) C (9,3)
We know that, in an isosceles triangle its two sides are equal.
So, by the distance formula, d = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
Distance of AB = √(7 − 4)2 + (−1 − 3)2
= √9 + 16
= √25
=5
Distance of BC = √(9 − 7)2 + (3 − 1)2
= √4 + 16
= √20
= 2√5
Distance of AC = √(9 − 4)2 + (3 − 3)2
= √25 + 0
= √25
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 =5
Here, we see that point AB = AC
So, ∆ABC is an isosceles triangle (proved)

2. Show that the points (1, -1), (-1, 1) and (- 3 , - 3 ) are the vertices of an equilateral triangle.
Solution:
Let, A (1, -1)
(1, -1) is point ‘A’
(-1, 1) is point ‘B’
(− 3 , − 3 ) is point ‘C’
B (-1, 1) C (− 3 , − 3 )
We know that, in an equilateral triangle its three sides are equal.
So, by the distance formula, d = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

Distance of AB = √(−1 − 1)2 + (1 − 1)2

= √4 + 4
= √8
= 2√2

Distance of BC = √ (√3 + 1)2 + (−√3 − 1)2

= √4 + 2

Distance of AC = √ (−√3 − 1)2 + (−√3 + 1)2

= √2 + 4
= √6
Here, we see that point AB ≠ BC ≠ AC but, BC = AC
So, ∆ABC is not an equilateral triangle (Showed)

3. Three vertices of a triangle ABC are A (3, 8); B (8, 3) and C (-2, 3). Which type of triangle is it?
Solution:
Let, A(3,8)
(3,8) denoted by point ‘A’ = (x1, x2)
(8, 3) denoted by point ‘B’ = (x2, y2)
(-2,3) denoted by point ‘C’ = (x3, y3)
B (8, 3) C (-2,3)
We know that, the distance formula, d = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 ) + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
2

Distance of AB = √(8 − 3)2 + (3 − 8)2

= √25 + 25
= √50
= 5√2
Distance of BC = √(−2 − 8)2 + (3 − 3)2
= √(−10)2 + 0)
= √100
= 10
Distance of AC = √(−2 − 3)2 + (3 − 8)2
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 = √(−5)2 + (−5)2
= √25 + 25
= √50
= 5√2
Here, we see that point AB = AC but BC not equal
So, ∆ABC is an isosceles triangle (Answer)

4. Prove that the three points A(3, 3), B(8, –2) and C(–2, –2) are the vertices of a right-angled isosceles
triangle.
Solution:
Let, A(3,3)
(3,3) denoted by point ‘A’ = (x1, x2)
(8, -2) denoted by point ‘B’ = (x2, y2)
(-2, -2) denoted by point ‘C’ = (x3, y3)
B (8, -2) C (-2,-2)
We know that, the distance formula, d = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 ) + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
2

Distance of AB = √(8 − 3)2 + (−2 − 3)2

= √(5)2 + (−5)2
= √25 + 25
= √50
= 5√2
Distance of BC = √(−2 − 8)2 + (−2 + 2)2
= √(−10)2 + 0)
= √100
= 10
Distance of AC = √(−2 − 3)2 + (−2 − 3)2
= √(−5)2 + (−5)2
= √25 + 25
= √50
= 5√2
Given condition,
When right angle triangle, according to Pythagoras theory,
(BC)2 = (AC)2 + (AB)2
⇒ (10)2 = (5√2)2 + (5√2)2
⇒ 100 = (25 × 2) + (25 × 2)
100 = 100

Here, we see that point AB = AC but BC not equal

So, ∆ABC is a right-angled isosceles triangle (Proved)

5. Find the length of the three medians of the triangle PQR whose vertices are P (10, 1), Q (-6, 9) and R (-
2,-3).
Solution: P (10,1)
Let,
∆ABC has three vertices
P = (10,1) Q = (−6,9) and R = (−2, −3) C (2,5) 𝐵 (4, −1)

Here, A is the midpoint of QR and PA is a median.

Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 At the same way QB and RC are also the other median of ∆PQR
Q (−6,9) 𝐴(−4,3) 𝑅 (−4,3)

Now using formula of midpoint and calculate the value of midpoint of two point.
𝑥 +𝑥 𝑦 +𝑦
Formula of midpoint is 𝑥𝑚 𝑦𝑚 = ( 1 2 2 , 1 2 2)
So, midpoint of QR,
−6 − 2 9 − 3
A=( , )
2 2
−8 6
=( , )
2 2
= (−4, 3)
Midpoint of PR,
−2 + 10 −3 + 1
A=( , )
2 2
8 −2
=( , )
2 2
= (4, −1)
According to the condition,
AB = AC
⇒ 5√2 = 2√5
Again, (𝐵𝐶)2 = (𝐴𝐵)2 + (𝐴𝐶)2
⇒ (10)2 = (5√2)2 + (5√2)2
⇒ 100 = (25 × 2) + (25 × 2)
⇒ 100 = 50 + 50
100 = 100

So it can say that, the three pints are the vertices of a right angle isosceles triangle. (Proved)

Group 14
1) Prove that, the points A (4, 3), B (7, -1) and C (9, 3) are the vertices of an isosceles triangle.
Solution:
Let, A(4,3)
(4,3) is point ‘A’
(7, -1) is point ‘B’
(9,3) is point ‘C’
B (7, -1) C (9,3)
We know that, in an isosceles triangle its two sides are equal.
So, by the distance formula, d = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
Distance of AB = √(7 − 4)2 + (−1 − 3)2
= √9 + 16
= √25
=5
Distance of BC = √(9 − 7)2 + (3 − 1)2
= √4 + 16
= √20
= 2√5
Distance of AC = √(9 − 4)2 + (3 − 3)2
= √25 + 0
= √25
=5

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 Here, we see that point AB = AC
So, ∆ABC is an isosceles triangle (proved)

2) Show that the points (1, -1), (-1, 1) and (- 3 , - 3 ) are the vertices of an equilateral triangle.
Solution:
Let, A (1, -1)
(1, -1) is point ‘A’
(-1, 1) is point ‘B’
(− 3 , − 3 ) is point ‘C’
B (-1, 1) C (− 3 , − 3 )
We know that, in an equilateral triangle its three sides are equal.
So, by the distance formula, d = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

Distance of AB = √(−1 − 1)2 + (1 − 1)2

= √4 + 4
= √8
= 2√2

Distance of BC = √ (√3 + 1)2 + (−√3 − 1)2

= √4 + 2

Distance of AC = √ (−√3 − 1)2 + (−√3 + 1)2

= √2 + 4
= √6
Here, we see that point AB ≠ BC ≠ AC but, BC = AC
So, ∆ABC is not an equilateral triangle (Showed)

3) Three vertices of a triangle ABC are A (3, 8); B (8, 3) and C (-2, 3). Which type of triangle is it?
Solution:
Let, A(3,8)
(3,8) denoted by point ‘A’ = (x1, x2)
(8, 3) denoted by point ‘B’ = (x2, y2)
(-2,3) denoted by point ‘C’ = (x3, y3)
B (8, 3) C (-2,3)
We know that, the distance formula, d = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 ) + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
2

Distance of AB = √(8 − 3)2 + (3 − 8)2

= √25 + 25
= √50
= 5√2
Distance of BC = √(−2 − 8)2 + (3 − 3)2
= √(−10)2 + 0)
= √100
= 10
Distance of AC = √(−2 − 3)2 + (3 − 8)2

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 = √(−5)2 + (−5)2
= √25 + 25
= √50
= 5√2
Here, we see that point AB = AC but BC not equal
So, ∆ABC is an isosceles triangle (Answer)

4) Prove that the three points A(3, 3), B(8, –2) and C(–2, –2) are the vertices of a right-angled isosceles
triangle.
Solution:
Let, A(3,3)
(3,3) denoted by point ‘A’ = (x1, x2)
(8, -2) denoted by point ‘B’ = (x2, y2)
(-2, -2) denoted by point ‘C’ = (x3, y3)
B (8, -2) C (-2,-2)
We know that, the distance formula, d = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 ) + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
2

Distance of AB = √(8 − 3)2 + (−2 − 3)2

= √(5)2 + (−5)2
= √25 + 25
= √50
= 5√2
Distance of BC = √(−2 − 8)2 + (−2 + 2)2
= √(−10)2 + 0)
= √100
= 10
Distance of AC = √(−2 − 3)2 + (−2 − 3)2
= √(−5)2 + (−5)2
= √25 + 25
= √50
= 5√2
Given condition,
When right angle triangle, according to Pythagoras theory,
(BC)2 = (AC)2 + (AB)2
⇒ (10)2 = (5√2)2 + (5√2)2
⇒ 100 = (25 × 2) + (25 × 2)
100 = 100

Here, we see that point AB = AC but BC not equal

So, ∆ABC is a right-angled isosceles triangle (Proved)

5) Find the length of the three medians of the triangle PQR whose vertices are P (10, 1), Q (-6, 9) and R
(-2,-3).
Solution: P (10,1)
Let,
∆ABC has three vertices
P = (10,1) Q = (−6,9) and R = (−2, −3) C (2,5) 𝐵 (4, −1)

Here, A is the midpoint of QR and PA is a median.

Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 At the same way QB and RC are also the other median of ∆PQR
Q (−6,9) 𝐴(−4,3) 𝑅 (−4,3)

Now using formula of midpoint and calculate the value of midpoint of two point.
𝑥 +𝑥 𝑦 +𝑦
Formula of midpoint is 𝑥𝑚 𝑦𝑚 = ( 1 2 2 , 1 2 2)
So, midpoint of QR,
−6 − 2 9 − 3
A=( , )
2 2
−8 6
=( , )
2 2
= (−4, 3)
Midpoint of PR,
−2 + 10 −3 + 1
A=( , )
2 2
8 −2
=( , )
2 2
= (4, −1)
According to the condition,
AB = AC
⇒ 5√2 = 2√5
Again, (𝐵𝐶)2 = (𝐴𝐵)2 + (𝐴𝐶)2
⇒ (10)2 = (5√2)2 + (5√2)2
⇒ 100 = (25 × 2) + (25 × 2)
⇒ 100 = 50 + 50
100 = 100

So it can say that, the three pints are the vertices of a right angle isosceles triangle. (Proved)

Group 15
1. Prove that the points (3, 2), (2,-1), (3,-3) and (9, 0) are the vertices of a rectangle.
Solution:
Let, A(3,2) D (9,0)
(3,2) denoted by point ‘A’
(2, -1) denoted by point ‘B’
(3, -3) denoted by point ‘C’
(9, 0) denoted by point ‘D’
B (2, -1) C (3, -3)
We have to prove rectangle. We know that the condition of rectangle is: -
AB = CD, AD = BC and AC = BD
Now,
Distance between point of AB = √(2 − 3)2 + (−1 − 2)2
= √(1)2 + (−3)2
= √1 + 9
= √10
Distance between point of BC = √(3 − 2)2 + (−3 + 1)2
= √(1)2 + (−2)2
= √1 + 4
= √5
Distance between point of CD = √(9 − 3)2 + (O + 3)2
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 = √(6)2 + (3)2
= √36 + 9
= √45
= 3√5
Distance between point of AD = √(9 − 3)2 + (2 + 0)2
= √(6)2 + (2)2
= √36 + 4
= √40
= 2√10

Here, we see that point AB ≠ CD, AD ≠ BC and AC ≠ BC

So, the points are nor not the vertices of rectangle. (Proved)

2. Prove that the points (1, 1), (-4, 13), (8, 8) and (13,-4) are the four vertices of a rhombus.
Solution:
Let, A(1,1) D (13, 0)
(1,1) denoted by point ‘A’
(-4, 13) denoted by point ‘B’
(8, 8) denoted by point ‘C’
(13, 0) denoted by point ‘D’
B (-4, 13) C (8, 8)
We have to prove rectangle. We know that the condition of rectangle is: -
𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐶𝐷 = 𝐷𝐴
𝐴𝐶 ≠ 𝐵𝐷
𝐴𝐶 2 ≠ 𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
Now,
Distance between point of AB = √(−4 − 1)2 + (13 − 1)2

= √(−5)2 + (12)2
= √25 + 144
= √169 = 13
Distance between point of BC = √(8 + 4)2 + (8 − 13)2

= √(12)2 + (−5)2
= √144 + 25
= √169 = 13
Distance between point of CD = √(13 − 8)2 + (−4 − 8)2

= √(5)2 + (−12)2
= √25 + 144
= √169 = 13
Distance between point of AD = √(13 − 1)2 + (1 + 4)2

= √(12)2 + (5)2
= √144 + 25
= √169 = 13
Again,
Length of diagonal, AC = √(8 − 1)2 + (8 − 1)2
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 = √(7)2 + (7)2 = √49 + 49 = √98

Length of diagonal, BD = √(13 + 4)2 + (−4 − 13)2

= √289 + 289 = √578 = 17√2
AC ≠ BD
Again,
𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
⇒ (7√2)2 = (13)2 + (13)2
⇒ 49 × 2 = 169 + 169
98 = 338
𝐴𝐶 2 ≠ 𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
Here, we see that
𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐶𝐷 = 𝐷𝐴
𝐴𝐶 ≠ 𝐵𝐷
𝐴𝐶 2 ≠ 𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
So, the points are the four vertices of rhombus. (Proved)

3. Three vertices of a rhombus ABCD are as follows: A (-2,-1), B (1, 3) and C (5, 6). Determine the fourth
vertex of that rhombus.
Solution:
Given that, A(-2,-1) D (x, y)
(-2,-1) denoted by point ‘A’
(1, 3) denoted by point ‘B’
(5, 6) denoted by point ‘C’ M
Let, (x, y) denoted by point ‘D’
B (1, 3) C (5, 6)
ABCD is a rhombus and its two diagonals AC and BD interest the midpoint M.
So, the midpoint of AC and BD.
−2 + 5 −1 + 6 1+ x 3+y
M=( , ) and M = ( , )
2 2 2 2
−2+ 5 1+ x 3+y −1+6
So, = and, =
2 2 2 2
⇒ −2 + 5 = 1 + x ⇒ 3 + y = −1 + 6
⇒3=1+x ⇒3+y =5
⇒x=3−1 ⇒y=5−3
x = 2 y = 2
Answer: The fourth vertices is D = (2, 2)

4. Show that the points (2, 1), (5, 2), (6, 4) and (3, 3) are the four vertices of a parallelogram.
Solution:
Given that, A(2,1) D (3, 3)
(2, 1) denoted by point ‘A’
(5, 2) denoted by point ‘B’
(6, 4) denoted by point ‘C’ o
(3, 3) denoted by point ‘D’
B (5, 2) C (6, 4)
We know that, distance between two points, d = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 ) + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
2

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 Now, distance between,
AB = √(5 − 2)2 + (2 − 1)2 = √9 + 1 = √10
BC = √(6 − 5)2 + (4 − 2)2 = √1 + 4 = √5
CD = √(6 − 3)2 + (4 − 3)2 = √9 + 1 = √10
AD = √(3 − 2)2 + (3 − 1)2 = √1 + 4 = √5
Again,
AC = √(6 − 2)2 + (4 − 1)2 = √16 + 9 = √25 = 5
BD = √(3 − 5)2 + (3 − 2)2 = √4 + 1 = √5
Here we see that, AB = CD, AD = BC and AC ≠ BD
So, ABCD is a parallelogram (Proved)

5. Prove that the point (3, 3) is equidistant from (0, -1), ( -2, 3), (6, 7) and (8, 3). Find this distance and
show that the point is the intersection of the diagonals of a rectangle formed by the four points.
Solution:
Given that, A(0, -1) D (8, 3)
(3, 3) denoted by point ‘P’
(0, -1) denoted by point ‘A’
(-2, 3) denoted by point ‘B’
(6, 7) denoted by point ‘C’ P (3, 3)
(8, 3) denoted by point ‘D’
B (-2, 3) C (6, 7)
We know that, distance between two points, d = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 ) + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
2

Now, distance between,

AP = √(3 − 0)2 + (3 + 1)2 = √9 + 16 = √25 = 5
BP = √(−2 − 3)2 + (3 − 3)2 = √25 + 0 = √25 = 5
CP = √(6 − 3)2 + (7 − 3)2 = √9 + 16 = √25 = 5
DP = √(8 − 3)2 + (3 − 3)2 = √25 + 0 = √25 = 5
Here, AP = BP = CP = DP
So, the point p is equidistance from all the given points (Proved)
Again, we calculate the distance between these four points,

Distance between,
AB = √(−2 − 0)2 + (3 + 1)2 = √4 + 16 = √20 = 2√5
BC = √(6 + 2)2 + (7 − 3)2 = √64 + 16 = √80 = 4√5
CD = √(8 − 6)2 + (3 − 7)2 = √4 + 16 = √20 = 2√5
AD = √(8 − 0)2 + (−1 − 3)2 = √64 + 16 = √20 = 4√5
Here, AB = CD, BC = AD
We know that in rectangle AC and BD are the two diagonals.
Again, the mid-point of,
6+ 0 7−1 6 6
AC = ( , ) = ( , ) = (3 , 3)
2 2 2 2
8− 2 3+3 6 6
BD = ( , ) = ( , ) = (3 , 3)
2 2 2 2
So, ABCD are equidistance from the mid-point ‘P’ and ‘P’ is the intersection of the diagonals of a
rectangle formed by point ABC and D (proved)

Group 16

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
1. In a survey conducted of 200 clerks in an office it was found that 48% took coffee, 54% liked tea, 64% used
to smoke. Of the total 28% used coffee and tea, 32% used tea and smoke and 30% took coffee and smoke.
Only 6% did none of these. Find-
a) The number having all the three.
b) Coffee if and only if they did not take tea.
c) Coffee and tea but not smoke.
Solution:
Let,
n(U)= 100% 0r 200 clerks (this is the set of total clerks of this survey)
n(A)= 48% (this is the set of clerks who took coffee)
n(B)= 54% (this is the set of clerks who took tea)
n(C)= 64% (this is the set of clerks who took smoke)
n(A ∩ B)= 28%(this is the set of who took both coffee and tea)
n(B ∩ C)=32% (this is the set of clerks who took both tea and smoke)
n(A∩ C)=30% (this is the set of clerks who took both coffee and smoke)
n(A' ∩ B'∩ C')=6% (this is the set of clerks who did not took none of these)
(a)
Find the number having all the three,
n(A ∩ B ∩ C)= ?
we know that,
n(A' ∩ B'∩ C') = n(A ∪ B ∪ C)’
n(A' ∩ B'∩ C') = n(U)-n(A ∪ B ∪ C)
n(A' ∩ B'∩ C') = n(U)- {n(A)+n(B)+n(C)+n(A ∩ B ∩ C) – n(A ∩ B) – n(B ∩ C) – n(A ∩ C)}
or, 6 = 100 – {48 + 54 + 64+ n(A ∩ B ∩ C) –28 –32 –30}
or, 6 = 100 – 76 – n(A ∩ B ∩ C)
or, n(A ∩ B ∩ C) = 100 – 76 – 6
n(A ∩ B ∩ C) = 18%
The number having all the three = (200×18%) = 36 clerks (Answer)

(b)
Coffee if and only if they did not take,
n(A ∩ B') = n(A) – n(A ∩ B)
= (48 – 28) % = 20%
So, the number of clerks who coffee if and only if they did not took = (200 × 20 %) = 40 (Answer)
(c)
Coffee and tea but not smoke,
n(A ∩ B∩ C ') = n(A ∩ B) – n(A ∩ B ∩ C)
= (28 – 18) % = 10%
So, the number of clears who took coffee and tea but not smoke = (200 × 10 %) = 20 (Answer)

2. From the statistics of 45 students of a class it was revealed that 25 students took mathematics, 21 took
economics and 15 took finance as additional courses. Of them 12 took mathematics and economics, 9 took
mathematics and finance and 7 took economics and finance. 3 of them took mathematics, economics and
finance. Find-
a) How many students took only one additional subject?
b) How many students took only finance but not economics and mathematics?
c) How many students did not take any additional course at all?
Solution:
Let,
n(U)= 45 (this is the set of total students of the statistics)
n(A)= 25 (this is the set of students who took mathematics)

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 n(B)= 21 (this is the set of students who took economics)
n(C)= 15(this is the set of students who took finance)
n(A ∩ B)= 12 (this is the set of who took both mathematics and economics)
n(B ∩ C)= 7 (this is the set of students who took both economics and finance)
n(A∩ C)= 9 (this is the set of students who took both mathematics and finance)
n(A ∩ B ∩ C)= 3 (this is the set of students who took all the three)
(a)
Find the number students who took only one additional subject,
n(A ∩ B' ∩ C') – n(A' ∩ B ∩ C') – n(A' ∩ B'∩ C)
= {n(A) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C) – n(A ∩ B) – n(A ∩ C)} + {n(B) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C) – n(A ∩ B) – n(B ∩ C)} +
{ n(C)+n(A ∩ B ∩ C) – n(B ∩ C) – n(A ∩ C)}
= (25 + 3 – 12 –9) + (21 + 3 – 12 –7) + (15 + 3 – 9 – 7)
= 7+5+2 = 14 students (Answer)
(b)
Students took only finance but not economics and mathematise,
n(A' ∩ B' ∩ C ) = n(C) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C) – n(A ∩ C) – n(B ∩ C)
= 15 + 3 – 9 – 7 = 2 students
So, the number of students who took only finance but not economics and mathematise = (200 × 20 %) =
2 students (Answer)
(c)
Find the number students who did not take any additional subject at all,
=n(A' ∩ B' ∩ C')
=n(A ∪ B ∪ C)'
=n(U)-n(A ∪ B ∪ C)
=n(U)- {n(A)+n(B)+n(C)+n(A ∩ B ∩ C)-n(A ∩ B)-n(B ∩ C)-n(A ∩ C)}
=45 – (25 + 21 + 15 +3 –12 –7 –9)
=45 – 36
=9 students. (Answer)

3. In survey of 400 families, the number that read recent issues of a certain monthly magazine were found to
be: January and February 70; March only 70; March but no February 100; March and January 60; March
110; January 200, none of the three months 90. With the help of set theory, find the following. (i) How
many did read two consecutive issues? (ii) How many did read the January issue, if and only if they did not
read the February issue? (iii) How many did read the March and January issues but not the February
issue? (iv) How many did read the only one issue?
Solution:
Let,
n(U)= 400 (This is the set of total students of this survey)
n(A)= 200 (This is the set of students who read January issues)
n(B)=? (This is the set of students who read February issues)
n(C)= 110(This is the set of students who read March issues)
n(A ∩ B)= 70 (This is the set of who read both January issues and February issues)
n(B ∩ C)=? (This is the set of students who read both February issues and March issues)
n(A∩ C)= 60 (This is the set of students who read both January issues and March issues)
n(B' ∩ C)=100 (This is the set of students who read March but not February issues)
n(A' ∩ B' ∩ C) = 70 (This is the set of students who read only March issues)
n(A' ∩ B' ∩ C') = 90 (This is the set of students who read none of these)

Here,
n(B' ∩ C) = n(C) – n(B ∩ C)
or, 100 = 110 – n(B ∩ C)

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 or, n(B ∩ C) = 110 – 100
 n(B ∩ C) = 10

Again,
n(A' ∩ B' ∩ C) = n(C)+ n(A ∩ B ∩ C) – n(B ∩ C) – n(A ∩ C)
or, 70 = 110 + n(A ∩ B ∩ C) – 60 – 10
or, n(A ∩ B ∩ C) = 70 – 110 + 60 + 10
 n(A ∩ B ∩ C) = 30

And,
n(A' ∩ B' ∩ C') = n(A ∪ B ∪ C)'
n(A' ∩ B' ∩ C') = n(U)-n(A ∪ B ∪ C)
n(A' ∩ B' ∩ C') = n(U) – {n(A)+n(B)+n(C)+n(A ∩ B ∩ C) – n(A ∩ B) – n(B ∩ C) – n(A ∩ C)}
or, 90 = 400 – {200 + n(B)+ 110 + 30 –70 –10 –60}
or, 90 = 400 – 200 – n(B)
or, n(B) = 200 – 90
 n(B) = 110
(i)
Here, we asked for, how many read two consecutive issues?
We know,
consecutive two=n{(A∩B) ∪ (B∩C)} we know,
=n(A∩B) + n(B∩C)-n{(A∩B) ∩(B∩C)} (AUB)=A+B-(A∩B
=70 + 10 – n(A∩B∩C) n{(A∩B)∩(B∩C)}=n(A∩B∩C
=80 – 30
=50
So,50 families read consecutive two issues. (Answer)
(ii)
we asked for, how many read the January issue, if and only if they did not read the February issue,
So, here the formula will be, n(A∩B´) = n(A) – n(A∩B)
=200 – 70
=130
So,130 families read the January issue, if and only if they did not read the February issue (Answer)
(iii)
we asked for, how many read the March and January issues but not the February issue?
The formula is, n(A ∩ B´∩ C)= n(A∩C) – n(A∩B∩C)
= 60 – 30
= 30
So,30 families read issues according to the asked condition. (Answer
(iv)
 n(A ∩ B'∩ C') + n(A' ∩ B ∩ C') + n(A' ∩ B'∩ C)
= {n(A) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C) – n(A ∩ B) – n(A ∩ C)} + {n(B) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C) – n(A ∩ B) – n(B ∩ C)} – {
n(C) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C) – n(B ∩ C) – n(A ∩ C)}
= {200 + 30 –70 –60} + {110 + 30 –70 –10} + {110 + 30 –10 –60}
= 100 + 60 + 70
= 230 families
So, 230 families read the only one issue

4. Out of 1200 students of a collage, 400 played cricket, 350 played football and 512 played table tennis; of
the total 100 played both cricket and football, 142 played football and table tennis, 95 played cricket and
table tennis, 50 played all the three games. (i) How many students did not play any game? (ii) How many
students played only one game?
Solution:
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 Let,
n(U)= 1200 (this is the set of total students of a college)
n(A)= 400 (this is the set of students who played cricket)
n(B)= 350 (this is the set of students who played football)
n(C)= 512 (this is the set of students who played tennis)
n(A ∩ B)= 100 (this is the set of who played both cricket and football)
n(B ∩ C)= 142 (this is the set of students who played both football and tennis )
n(A∩ C)= 95 (this is the set of students who played both cricket and tennis )
n(A ∩ B ∩ C)= 50 (this is the set of students who played all the three)

(i)
Students played did not any game,
n(A' ∩ B'∩ C') = n(A ∪ B ∪ C) '
= n(U) – n(A ∪ B ∪ C)
= n(U) – {n(A) + n(B) + n(C) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C) – n(A ∩ B) – n(B ∩ C) – n(A ∩ C)}
= 1200 – {400 + 512 + 350 +50 –100 –142 – 95}
= 1200 – 975
= 225 students (Answer)
(ii)
Students played only one game,
 n(A ∩ B'∩ C') + n(A' ∩ B ∩ C') + n(A' ∩ B'∩ C)
= {n(A) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C) – n(A ∩ B) – n(A ∩ C)} + {n(B) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C) – n(A ∩ B) – n(B ∩ C)} – {
n(C) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C) – n(B ∩ C) – n(A ∩ C)}
= (400 + 50 –100 –95) + (350 + 50 – 100 – 142) + (512 + 50 –95 – 142)
= 225 + 158 + 325
= 738 students (Answer)

Group 17
1. Find the coordinates of the point which divides the points P (8, 9) and Q (-7, 4) internally in the
ratio 2:3 and externally in the ratio 4:3.
Solution:
Given that,
Points, P = (8,9) 𝑄 = (−7,4)
And internal ratios 𝑚1 ∶ 𝑚2 = 2 ∶ 3
𝑚1 (2) 𝑚2 (3)
𝑃(8,9) 𝑅(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑄(−7,4)
So, by the internal division formula,
𝑚1 𝑥2 + 𝑚2 𝑥1 𝑚1 𝑦2 + 𝑚2 𝑦1
𝑥= 𝑦=
𝑚1 + 𝑚2 𝑚1 + 𝑚2
2 × (−7) + 3 × 8 (2 × 4) + (3 × 9)
= =
2+3 2+3
−14 + 24 8 + 27
= =
5 5
10 35
= =
5 5

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 =2 =2
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (2,7) (Ans)

Again,
External ratios 𝑚1 ∶ 𝑚2 = 4 ∶ 3
𝑚1 (4) 𝑚2 (3)

𝑃(8,9) 𝑄(−7,4) 𝑅(𝑥, 𝑦)

So, by the external division formula,
𝑚1 𝑥2 − 𝑚2 𝑥1 𝑚1 𝑦2 − 𝑚2 𝑦1
𝑥= 𝑦=
𝑚1 + 𝑚2 𝑚1 + 𝑚2
4 × (−7) + 3 × 8 (4 × 4) − (3 × 9)
= =
4+3 4+3
−28 − 24 16 − 27
= =
7 7
−52 −11
= =
7 7
= −52 = −11

(𝑥, 𝑦) = (−52, −11) (Ans)

2. If (3, 5), (x, 4) and (14, y) are the vertices of a triangle and (5, 6) is its centroid. Find x and y.
Solution:
Given that,
Three vertices of a triangle A = (3,5), B = (x, 4), 𝐶 = (14, 𝑦) and centroid of this triangle O =
(5,6)
We know that,
x1 + x2 + x3 y1 + y2 +y3
The centroid of triangle of ABC= ( , )
3 3
3 + 𝑥 + 14 5 + 4 + 𝑦
⇒ (5, 6) = ( , )
3 3
17 + 𝑥 9 + 𝑦
⇒ (5, 6) = ( , )
3 3
17 + 𝑥 9+𝑦
⇒( = 5, = 6)
3 3
⇒ 17𝑥 + 𝑥 = 15, 9 + y = 18
⇒ 𝑥 = 15 − 17, 𝑦 = 18 − 9
⇒ 𝑥 = −2, 𝑦=9
Answer: 𝑥 = −2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 9

3. Find the area of triangle whose vertices are (2, -1), (-3, -4) and (0, 2).
Solution:
Let, A(2,-1)
(2, -1) is point ‘A’
(-3, -4) is point ‘B’
(0,2) is point ‘C’
B -3, -4) C (0,2)
We know that,
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 1
The area of triangle ABC = 2 { 𝑥1 (𝑦2 − 𝑦3 + 𝑥2 (𝑦3 − 𝑦1 ) + 𝑥3 (𝑦1 − 𝑦2 ) }
1
= 2 { 2(−4 − 2 + (−3)(2 + 1) + 0(−1 + 4) }
1
= (−12 − 9 + 0)
2
1
= 2 (−21)
−21
= 2
21
= (Area of triangle can’t be negative)
2
21
Answer: Area of triangle ∆ABC is square units.
2

4. If the area of the triangle with vertices at (2, a), (a, 2) and (-2, -1) is 5, find the possible values of a.
Solution:
Three vertices of triangle are 𝐴 = (2, 𝑎) 𝐵 = (𝑎, 2) 𝐶 = (−2, −1) and the area of triangle is = 5
According to the Area of triangle formula,
1
∆ABC = { 𝑥1 (𝑦2 − 𝑦3 + 𝑥2 (𝑦3 − 𝑦1 ) + 𝑥3 (𝑦1 − 𝑦2 ) }
2
1
⇒ 5 = {2(2 + 1) + 𝑎(−1 − 𝑎) + (−2)(𝑎 − 2)
2
1
⇒ 5 = {6 + (−𝑎 − 𝑎2 ) + (−2𝑎 + 4)}
2
1
⇒ 5 = (6 − 𝑎 − 𝑎2 − 2𝑎 + 4)
2
1
⇒ 5 = (−𝑎2 − 3𝑎 + 10)
2
⇒ (−𝑎2 − 3𝑎 + 10) = 10
⇒ −𝑎2 − 3𝑎 + 10 − 10 = 0 𝑎 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 + 3 = 0
2
⇒ 𝑎 + 3𝑎 = 0 𝑎 = −3
⇒ 𝑎(𝑎 + 3) = 0

Answer: Value of a = (0, -3)

5. If the points (2, 3/2), (-3, -7/2) and (k, 9/2) are collinear, then find the value of k.
Solution:
3 −7 9
Three vertices of triangle are 𝐴 = (2, 2) 𝐵 = (−3, 2 ) 𝐶 = (𝑘, 2)
If these points are collinear then the area of triangle is = 0
According to the Area of triangle formula,
1
∆ABC = { 𝑥1 (𝑦2 − 𝑦3 + 𝑥2 (𝑦3 − 𝑦1 ) + 𝑥3 (𝑦1 − 𝑦2 ) }
2
1 7 9 9 3 3 7
⇒ 0 = {2(− − ) + (−3) ( − ) + 𝐾( + )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 −7 − 9 9−3 3+7
⇒ 0 = {(2 × ) − (3 × ) +) (𝑘 × )}
2 2 2 2
1 −16 6 10
⇒ 0 = {(2 × ) − (3 × ) +) (𝑘 × )}
2 2 2 2

1
⇒0 = (16 − 9 + 5𝑘)
2
1
⇒ 0 = (−25 + 5𝑘)
2
⇒ −25 + 5𝑘 = 0
⇒ 5𝑘 = 25

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 25
⇒𝑘=
5
𝑘 = 5

Answer: Value of k = 5

Group 18
1. The vertices of a triangle ABC are A (5, 2), B (-9, -3) and C (-3, -5). D, E, F are respectively the
midpoints of BC, CA and AB. Prove that, ABC=4 DEF.
Solution:
Let, A(5,2)
(5,2) denoted by point ‘A’ = (x1, x2)
(–9, –3) denoted by point ‘B’ = (x2, y2) (–2, –0.5) F E (1. –1.5)
(–3, –5) denoted by point ‘C’ = (x3, y3)
Midpoint Of BC=D, AC=E, AB=F
B (–9, –3) D (–6, –4) C (–3, –5)
We have to prove that, ABC=4 DEF
1
The Area of ∆ABC = { 𝑥1 (𝑦2 − 𝑦3 + 𝑥2 (𝑦3 − 𝑦1 ) + 𝑥3 (𝑦1 − 𝑦2 ) }
2
1
= {5(−3 + 5) + (−9)(−5 − 2) + (−3)(2 + 3)}
2
1
= {10 + 63 − 15}
2
1
= × 58
2
= 29
The Area of ∆ABC = 29
Again, we have to calculate area of ∆DEF
For that we need the midpoint of AB, BC and AC vertices
We know, Co-ordinate of midpoints
𝑥1 +𝑥2 𝑦1+𝑥2
Formula is M (x,y) =
2 2
−9 − 3 −3 − 5 −12 −8
𝐷=( , ) = ( , ) = (−6 , −4)
2 2 2 2
−3 + 5 −5 + 2 2 −3
𝐸=( , ) = ( , ) = (1 , −1.5)
2 2 2 2
5−9 2−3 −4 −1
𝐹=( , ) = ( , ) = (−2 , −0.5)
2 2 2 2
1
The Area of ∆ABC = 2 { 𝑥1 (𝑦2 − 𝑦3 + 𝑥2 (𝑦3 − 𝑦1 ) + 𝑥3 (𝑦1 − 𝑦2 ) }
1
= {−6(−1.5 + 0.5) + 1(−0.5 − 4) + (−2)(−4 + 1.5)}
2
1
= {6 + 3.5 + 5}
2
1
= × 14.5
2
= 7.25
The Area of ∆ABC = 7.25
Here, ABC = 4 DEF
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 𝑶𝒓, 29 = 4 × 7.25
 29 = 29
L.H.S = R.H.S (Proved)

2. Find the areas of the quadrilateral whose vertices are (-4, 2), (3, -5), (6, -2) and (1, 7).
Solution:
Given that,
A(-4, 2) D (1, 7)
(-4, 2) denoted by point ‘A’
(3, -5) denoted by point ‘B’
(6, -2) denoted by point ‘C’
(1, 7) denoted by point ‘D’
B (3, -5) C (6, -2)
We know that, the area of quadrilateral formula is,
The Area of ∆ABC + The Area of ∆ACD
1 1
 { 𝑥1 (𝑦2 − 𝑦3 + 𝑥2 (𝑦3 − 𝑦1 ) + 𝑥3 (𝑦1 − 𝑦2 ) } + { 𝑥1 (𝑦2 − 𝑦3 + 𝑥2 (𝑦3 − 𝑦1 ) + 𝑥3 (𝑦1 −
2 2
𝑦2 ) }
1 1
= {−4(−5 + 2) + 3(−2 − 2) + 6(2 + 5)} + {−4(−2 − 7) + 6(7 − 2) + 1(2 + 2)}
2 2
1 1
= {12 − 12 + 42} + {36 + 30 + 4}
2 2
1 1
= (42) + (70)
2 2
42 70
= +
2 2
= 21 + 35
= 56
Answer: The area of quadrilateral is 54 square units.

3. As the number of units manufactured increased from 4000 to 6000 the total cost of production
increased from 22000 to 30000. Find the relationship between the cost (y) and the number of units
(x) if the relationship is linear.
Solution:
Given that,
Cost = y and the number of units = x
So, x1 = 4000, x2 = 6000
y1 =22000, y2 = 30000
According to linear relationship between x and y,
x−x1 y − y1
= ⇒ 4x − 16000 = y − 22000
x1 − x2 y1 − y2
x −4000 y - 22000
⇒ = ⇒ 4x − 16000 − y + 22000 = 0
4000−6000 22000 −30000
x−4000 y - 22000
⇒ = ⇒ 4x − y + 6000 = 0
−2000 −8000
y - 8000
⇒ x − 4000 = 4

S0, 4x − y − 6000 = 0 is the relationship between the number of units and cost. (Answer)

4. A firm invests Tk. 40,000 in a business which has an annual net return of Tk. 5,000 per year. When
the firm investments Tk. 80,000 its annual net return would be Tk. 15,000 per year. Find the linear
relationship between investment and annual net return. What would be the annual net return on
investment of tk. 1, 50,000?
Solution:
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 Given that,
Investment = y and net return = x
So, x1 = 4000, x2 = 8000
y1 =5000, y2 = 15000

According to linear relationship between x and y,

x−x1 y − y1
= ⇒ 4y − 20000 = x − 40000
x1 − x2 y1 − y2
x −4000 y - 5000
⇒ = ⇒ 4y = x − 40000 + 20000
4000−8000 5000 −15000
x−4000 y - 5000
⇒ = ⇒ 4y = x − 20000
−40000 −10000
x−4000
⇒ = y - 5000
4

 Linear relationship between x and y is,

Again,
When investment (x = 150000) the annual return will be,
4y = 150000 − 20000
⇒ 4y = 130000
130000
⇒ y= 4
 y = 32500
The annual return is 32500 Taka. (Answer)

5. The total cost y, for x units of a certain product consists of fixed costs and the variable cost
(proportional to the number of units produced). It is known that the total cost is Tk. 12000 for 100
units and Tk. 27000 for 400 units. i) find the linear relationship between x and y. ii) Find the slope
of the line and what does it indicate. iii) If the selling price is Tk. 70 per unit, find the number of
units that must be produced in case of (a) there is neither profit nor loss, (b) there is a profit of
Tk. 3000, (c) there is a loss Tk. 5000.
Solution:
Let,
The number of units = x and cost = y
So, x1 = 100, x2 = 400
y1 =12000, y2 = 27000

(i) According to linear relationship between x and y,

x−x1 y − y1
= ⇒ 50x − 5000 = y − 12000
x1 − x2 y1 − y2
x −100 y - 12000
⇒ = ⇒ 50x − y − 12000 − 5000 = 0
100−400 12000 −27000
x−100 y - 12000
⇒ = ⇒ 50x − y − 7000 = 0
−300 −15000
y − 12000
⇒ x − 100 = 50

 Linear relationship between x and y is, 50x − y − 7000 = 0

(ii) We know that,

y −y 27000−12000
Slope , m = x2− x1 = 400−100
2 1
15000
= 300 = 50
S0, slope (m) = 50 indicates thatn50 taka is added to the total cost (y) for every one additional unit
produced.

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 (iii) Let,
The number of units = x
The price of per unit = p (70)

Condition (a): For neither profit nor loses,

We know that, Breakeven point is,
Revenue = cost
⇒ Price (p) × Quantity (x) = Cost (y)
⇒ 70 × x = 50x + 7000
⇒ 70x − 50x = 7000
⇒ 20x = 7000
7000
⇒ x = 20
 x = 350 units

Condition (b): For profit 300 Taka,

We know that, Profit = Revenue – cost
⇒ 3000 = 70x − (50x + 7000)
⇒ 3000 = 20x − 7000
⇒ 20x = 10000
10000
⇒ x = 20
⇒ x = 500 units

Condition (c): For loss 5000 Taka,

We know that, Loss = cost – Revenue
⇒ 5000 = 50x + 7000_70x
⇒ 20x = 2000
⇒ 20x = 10000
2000
⇒ x = 20
⇒ x = 200 units

Group 19
1. If the total manufacturing cost is Tk. 5, 00, 00 at 2,000 units output and Tk. 75,000 at 3200 units
output and the cost-output relation is liner, then (a) what is the equation of cost-output
relationship in general form? (b) What is the slope of the cost-output line? (c) How much dose the
productions of one unit add to total cost?
Solution:
Let,
Unit of products =x and, cost =y
So, x1 = 2000, x2 = 3200
y1 =50000, y2 = 75000
According to linear relationship between x and y,
x−x1 y− y
= y − y1 ⇒ 6y − 300000 = 125x − 250000
x −x
1 2 1 2

x −2000 y - 50000
⇒ = ⇒ 6y − 300000 − 125x + 250000 = 0
2000−3200 50000 −75000
x−2000 y - 8000
⇒ = ⇒ 6y − 126x − 5000 = 0
−1200 −25000
x−2000 y - 8000
⇒ = 125
6
So, the relationship equation is 6y − 126x − 5000 = 0 (Answer)
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 (b) From (a) we get the equation is 6y − 126x − 5000 = 0
We know that, the slope of cost output line is,
Co−efficient of x
= Co−efficient of y
125
= 6
= 20.83 (Answer)

(c) To know this cost we have to calculate marginal cost,

We know that,
∆ Total cost
Marginal cost = ∆ Total quantity
75000−50000
= 3200−2000
25000
= = 20.83
1200

Answer: Production of one unit add 20.83 Taka to total cost

2. The total expenses (y) of a mess are partly constant and partly proportional to the number of the
inmates x. The total expenses are Tk. 10400 when there are 18 members in the mess, and Tk. 16000
for 28 members a) Find the liner relationship between y and x. b) Find the constant expenses and
the variable expenses per member and c) What would be the total expenditure if the mess has 15
members?
Solution
(a) Let,
Expenses be denoted by = y
And the number of inmates be denoted by = x
Here, x1 = 18, x2 = 28
y1 =10400, y2 = 16000

According to linear relationship between x and y,

x−x1 y− y
= y − y1 ⇒ y − 10400 = 560x − 10080
x −x
1 2 1 2
x−18 y - 10400
⇒ = ⇒ y = 560x − 10080 + 10400
18−28 10400−16000
x−200 y - 8000
⇒ = ⇒ y = 560x + 320
−10 −5600
y - 8000
⇒ x − 18 = 560
The relationship is y = 560x + 320 (Answer)

(b) From (a) we get the equation, y = 560x + 320

560
So, here we see the variable cost is 46 = 12.17
320
And the fixed cost is 46 = 6.96 taka per member. (Answer)
(c) Let,
Number of member x = 15
So, the total expenditure is, y = 560x + 320
= (560 × 15) + 320
= 8400 + 320
= 8720 taka
Answer: The total expenditure will be 8720 taka.

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
3. A factory produces 200 bulbs for a total cost of Tk. 8000 and 400 bulbs for a total cost of Tk.
14000. Given that the cost curve is a straight line, find the equation of the straight line and use it
to find the cost of producing 300 bulbs.
Solution
Let,
The cost be denoted by = y
And the number of bulbs be denoted by = x
Here, y1 = 8000, y2 = 14000
x1 = 200, x2 = 400

When the cost graph is a straight line,

x−x1 y − y1
= ⇒ 30x − 6000 = y − 8000
x −x
1 2y −y 1 2
x−200 y - 8000
⇒ = ⇒ 30x − y − 6000 + 8000 = 0
200−400 8000−14000
x−200 y - 8000
⇒ = ⇒ y = 30x + 2000
−2 −60
y - 8000
⇒ x − 200 = 30

So, now producing 300 bulbs, x = 300

Put the value of x in equation (i),
y = 30 × 300 + 2000
= 9000 + 2000
= 11000
So, the cost of producing 300 bulbs is 11000 taka. (Answer)

4. The cost of producing 200 pens is Tk. 10000 and the cost of producing 400 pens 16000. (i) Find the
linear relation between the cost y of producing x pens, (ii) what number must be produced and
sold at Tk. 30 per pen, so that there is neither profit nor loss? (iii) What should the selling price of
a pen if 600 pens are produced and sold with a profit of Tk. 4000?
Solution:
(i) Let,
Number of pen = x and cost = y
x1 = 200, x2 = 400
y1 = 10000, y2 = 15000

According to linear relationship between x and y,

X−x1 y - y1
=
x1−x2 y1- y2
x−200 y - 10000
⇒ 200−400 = 10000−15000
x−200 y - 10000
⇒ =
−200 −5000
⇒ Y − 10000 = 25X – 5000
⇒ Y = 25X – 5000 − 10000
⇒ Y = 25X – 5000
So, the relationship equation is y = 25x − 5000 (Answer)

(ii) Let,
price (p) = 10, and number of pens = x
We know that, neither profit nor loss equation is: -
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 Revenue = Cost
⇒p×x =y
⇒ 10x = 25x + 5000
⇒ 10x − 25x = 5000
⇒ −15x = 5000
5000
⇒ x = − 15
 x = −333.33 0r, 333
So, 333 pens must be produced and sold at Tk. 30 per pen, so that there is neither profit nor loss. (Ans)

(iii) Here,
X = 600, P =? Profit = 4000
We know that in profit equation,
Profit = Revenue – cost
⇒ Profit = (p × x) − y
⇒ 4000 = 600p − (25 × 600) + 5000
⇒ 4000 = 600p − 15000 + 5000
⇒ −600p = −15000 + 5000 − 4000
⇒ −600p = − 24000
− 24000
⇒p=
−600
p = 40

So, the selling price is 40 taka. (Answer)

5. An investment of Tk. 90, 000 in a certain business yields an income of Tk.12, 000. An investment
of Tk.50, 000 yields an income of Tk.7, 000. (i) If the income is a linear function of investment
determine the equation for this relation. (ii) What is the slope? Interpret the slope in terms of the
money involved.
(i) Let,
Investment denoted by = x and, income = y
So, x1 = 90000, x2 = 50000
y1 = 12000, y2 = 7000

According to linear relationship between X and Y,

X−x1 y - y1
=
x1−x2 y1- y2
x−90000 y - 12000
⇒ 90000-5000 = 12000−7000
x−90000 y - 12000
⇒ =
40000 5000

⇒ 8y − 9600 = X – 90000
⇒ 8y = x − 6000
The relationship is 8y = x − 6000 (Answer)

(ii) We know that,

7000 - 12000
⇒
50000 - 90000
- 5000
⇒
- 40000
1
⇒
8
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 1 1
Slope, m = 8 indicates that = 8 taka added to the total income for every additional investment. (Ans.)

Group 20
1. A printer quotes a price of Tk.7500 for printing 1000 copies of book and Tk.15000 for printing
2500 copies. Assume a linear relationship and that 2000 books are printed. Find: i) The linear
relationship between total cost and the number of books printed. ii) The variable cost iii) the fixed
cost iv) The variable cost per book v) The average cost per book.
Solution:
(i) Let,
Printing copies = x, Cost = y
Here, x1 = 1000, x2 = 2500
y1 =7500, y2 = 15000

According to linear relationship between x and y,

x−x1 y − y1
= ⇒ y − 7500 = 5x − 5000
x −x
1 2 y −y
1 2
x−1000 y - 7500
⇒ = ⇒ y = 5x − 5000 + 7500
1000−2500 7500−15000
x−1000 y - 7500
⇒ = ⇒ y = 5x + 2500
−1500 −7500
y - 7500
⇒ x − 1000 = 5
The linear relationship is y = 5x + 2500 (Answer)

(ii) From (i) we get the equation, here the variable cost is = 5x
So, assume 2000 printed books,
the variable cost is, (5×2000) = 10000 Taka
 Variable cost = 10000 Taka (Answer)

(iii) According to the equation, y = 5x + 2500

Here, the fixed cost is = 2500 Taka (Answer)

(iv) From (ii) variable cost is, 10000

10000
So, per variable cost is, = 2000 = 5 Taka
Variable cost per book is 5 Taka. (Answer)

(v) Average cost, y = 5 × 2000 + 2500

= 10000 + 2500
= 12500
12500
Average cost = 200 = 6.25 Taka (Answer)

2. In a company if the output of a product is increased from 7500 to 9000 units then the total cost
increases from Tk.45000 to Tk.50000. Find the linear relation between output and cost. What will
the total cost of producing 15000 units? If the selling price is Tk.17 per unit, find the break-even
point.
Solution:
Let,
The number of units = x and cost = y
So, x1 = 7500, x2 = 9000
y1 = 45000, y2 = 50000

According to linear relationship between x and y,

Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 x−x1 y − y1
= ⇒ 3y − 135000 = 10x − 75000
x1 − x2 y1 − y2
x −7500 y - 45000
⇒ = ⇒ 3y = 10x + 60000
7500−9000 45000 −50000
x−7500 y - 12000 10x
⇒ = ⇒ y= + 20000
−1500 −5000 3
x−7500 y - 12000
⇒ =
3 10
10x
 The linear relationship between x and y is, y = + 20000
3

Let, the producing unit, x = 15000

So, the total cost will be,
10×15000
y= + 20000
3
150000
y = 3 + 20000
y = 50000 + 20000
y = 70000 Taka
 Total cost 70000 Taka (Answer)

Again, we know that, In the Breakeven Point situation,

Revenue = cost
⇒ Price (p) × Quantity (x) = Cost (y)
10x
⇒ 17x = 3 + 20000
10x +60000
⇒ 17x = 3
⇒ 51x = 10x + 60000
⇒ 51x − 10x = 60000
⇒ 41x = 60000
60000
x= = 1463
41
Breakeven point is 1463 units. (Answer)

3. Total cost of operation of 36 students in a mess is Tk. 38800 and for 48 members is Tk.50400.
Determine the variable cost of each student and total fixed cost.
Solution:
Let,
Number of students denoted by = x, Cost = y
Here, x1 = 36, x2 = 48
y1 = 38800, y2 = 50400

According to linear relationship between x and y,

x−x1 y − y1
= ⇒ 3y = 2900x − 104400 + 116400
x −x
1 y −y
2 1 2

x−36 y - 38800
⇒ = ⇒ 3y = 2900x + 12000
36−48 38800−50400
x− 36 y - 38800 2900x+12000
⇒ = ⇒ y=
−12 −11600 3
x−36 y - 38800 2900x
⇒ = ⇒y= + 4000
3 2900 3
⇒ 3y − 116400 = 2900x − 104400
According to, y = mx + c equation, we get,
2900
Variable cost= = 966.67 Taka
3

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 Again, the fixed cost is = 4000 Taka (Answer)

4. The total cost y, for x units of a certain product consists of fixed cost and variable cost. It is known
that the total cost is Tk.6000 for 500 units and Tk. 9000 for 1000 units. (i) Find the linear
relationship between x and y, (ii) Find the slope of the line, what does it indicate? (iii) Find the
number of units that must be produced so that (1) There is neither profit nor loss. (2) There is a
profit of Tk.1000. (3) There is a loss of Tk.300; it being given that the selling price is Tk. 8 per
unit.
Solution:
Here, x1 = 500, x2 = 1000
y1 = 6000, y2 = 9000

According to linear relationship between x and y,

x−x1 y− y
= y − y1 ⇒ y − 6000 = 6x − 3000
x −x
1 2 1 2

x−500 y - 6000
⇒ = ⇒ y = 6x − 3000 + 6000
500 − 1000 6000 − 9000
x − 500 y - 6000
⇒ = ⇒ y = 6x + 3000
−500 −3000
y - 6000
⇒ x − 500 = 6

The linear relationship is y = 5x + 2500 (Answer)

2. Condition, For profit 300 Taka,

We know that, Profit = Revenue – cost
⇒ 1000 = 8x − (6x + 3000)
⇒ 1000 = 8x − 6x − 3000
⇒ 2x = 3000 + 1000
⇒ 2x = 4000
 x = 2000 units

3. Condition, For loss 5000 Taka,

We know that, Loss = cost – Revenue
⇒ 300 = 6x − 8x + 3000
⇒ 300 = −2x + 3000
⇒ 2x = 2700
2700
⇒x= 2
⇒ x = 1350 units
Answer: Produced 1350 units.

5. A printer quotes a price of Tk.7,500 for printing 1,000 copies of a book and Tk.15,000 for printing
2,500 copies. Assuming a linear relationship and that 2,000 books are printed. Required: (a) Find
the equation relating to the total cost (y) and the number of books (x) printed. (b) What is the
variable cost of printing 2000 books? (c) What is the fixed cost? (d) What is the variable cost per
book? (e) What is the average cost per book to print 2000 books? (f) What is the marginal cost of
the last book printed?
Solution:
(a) Let,
Printing copies = x, Cost = y
Here, x1 = 1000, x2 = 2500
y1 =7500, y2 = 15000

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 According to linear relationship between x and y,
x−x1 y− y
= y − y1 ⇒ y − 7500 = 5x − 5000
x −x
1 2 1 2
x−1000 y - 7500
⇒ = ⇒ y = 5x − 5000 + 7500
1000−2500 7500−15000
x−1000 y - 7500
⇒ = ⇒ y = 5x + 2500
−1500 −7500
y - 7500
⇒ x − 1000 = 5
The linear relationship is y = 5x + 2500 (Answer)

(b) From (i) we get the equation, here the variable cost is = 5x
So, assume 2000 printed books,
the variable cost is, (5×2000) = 10000 Taka
 Variable cost = 10000 Taka (Answer)

(c) According to the equation, y = 5x + 2500

Here, the fixed cost is = 2500 Taka (Answer)

(d) From (ii) variable cost is, 10000

10000
So, per variable cost is, = 2000 = 5 Taka
Variable cost per book is 5 Taka. (Answer)

(e) We know,
Average cost, y = 5 × 2000 + 2500
= 10000 + 2500
= 12500
12500
Average cost = 200 = 6.25 Taka (Answer)

(f) We know that,

∆ Total cost
Marginal cost = ∆ Total quantity
15000−7500
= 2500−1000
75000
= =5
1500

Answer: Marginal cost = 20.83 Taka (Answer)

Group 21
5 2 
  8 5  4 7
1. Using the matrices, A =  3 − 8  B=   and C =  
2 6   4 7 2 8
 
Verify that A (B+C) = AB+AC
Solution:
Given that,
5 2
8 5 4 7
A = [3 −8] B = [ ] and C = [ ]
4 7 2 8
2 6
Now,

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 8 5 4 7 8+4 5+7 12 12
B+C=[ ]+[ ] = [ ] =[ ]
4 7 2 8 4+2 7+8 6 15
5 2
12 12
= [3 −8] × [ ]
6 15
2 6
5 × 12 + 2 × 6 5 × 12 + 2 × 15
= [3 × 12 + (−8) × 6 3 × 12 + (−8) × 15]
2 × 12 + 6 × 6 2 × 12 + 6 × 15
72 90
= [−12 −84]
60 114
Again,
5 2 5 2
8 5 4 7
AB = [3 −8] × [ ] AC = [3 −8] × [ ]
4 7 2 8
2 6 2 6
5×8+2×4 5×5+2×7 5×4+2×2 5×7+2×8
= [3 × 8 + (−8) × 4 3 × 5 + (−8) × 7] = [3 × 4 + (−8) × 2 3 × 7 + (−8) × 8]
2×8+6×4 2×5+6×7 2×4+6×2 2×7+6×8
48 39 24 51
= [−8 −41] = [−4 −43]
40 52 20 62

L.S.H = AB + AC
48 39 24 51
= [−8 −41] × [−4 −43]
40 52 20 62
48 + 24 39 + 51
= [ −8 − 4 −41 − 43]
40 + 20 52 + 62
72 90
= [−12 −84]
60 114
A(B + C) = AB + AC (Proved)

2. There are two families A and B. There are 6 men, 9 women and 14 children in family A and 5
men, 7 women and 12 children in family B. The recommended daily allowance of calories for each:
man = 2800, woman = 2200, child = 1500 and of proteins for each: man = 105 gm., woman = 75
gm., and child = 53 gm. Represent the above information by matrices. Using matrix multiplication,
calculate the total requirement of calories and proteins for each of the two families.
Solution:
Given that,
The total number of two family represented by,
Man Women Children
6 9 14
D=[ ] A family
5 7 12 B family

Man Women Children

2800 2200 1500
E=[ ] Calories
105 75 53 Proteins
So, the total requirement of calories and proteins of two family is: -
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 6 9 14 2800 2200 1500
DE = [ ] × [ ]
5 7 12 105 75 53
2800 105
6 9 14
DE = [ ] × [2200 75 ] {Transpose of E matrix}
5 7 12
1500 53
6 × 2800 + 9 × 2200 + 14 × 1500 6 × 105 + 9 × 75 + 14 × 53
=[ ]
5 × 2800 + 7 × 2200 + 12 × 1500 5 × 105 + 7 × 75 + 12 × 53
16800 + 19800 + 21000 630 + 675 + 742
=[ ]
14000 + 15400 + 18000 525 + 525 + 636
57600 2047
=[ ]
47400 1686
Answer: Family A required 57600 gm calories and 2047 gm proteins and Family B required 47400 gm
calories and 1686 gm proteins.

3. A Manufacturing company has offices located in every division, every district and every upazila of a
country. Assume that there are 8 divisions, 64 districts and 495 upazilas in the country. Each office
has 1 manager, 3 officers, 1 accountant and 1 Peon. A divisional office has, in addition, 2 assistant
manager, 2 officers, 1 computer operator and 2 Peons. A district office has in addition, 1 assistant
manager, 1 computer operator and 1 Peon; and the upazila office has in addition 1 computer
operator. The basic monthly salaries are as follows: manager = Tk. 56,000; assistant manager =
Tk. 48000; officer = Tk. 37500; computer operator and accountant = Tk. 26000 and Peon = Tk.
18500. Using matrix notations find:
I. The total number of posts of each kind in all the offices taken together,
II. The total basic monthly salary bill of each kind of office, and
III. The total basic monthly salary bill of all the offices taken together.
Solution:
Let, the number of offices represented by, A
Division District Upazila
A = [8 64 495]
Number of staff of these offices represent, B
M O Acc Pe Ast.m C.o
1 2+3=5 1 2+1=3 2 1
B = [1 3 1 1+1=2 1 1]
1 3 1 1 0 1
56000 Manager
Officer
37500 Accountant
26000
Basic salary of each offices represents, C = 18500 Peon
48000 Assist. manager
[26000] Computer opt.

I. The total number of posts all the offices together,

1 5 1 3 2 1
A × B = [8 64 495] × [1 3 1 2 1 1]
1 3 1 1 0 1
8 × 1 + 64 × 1 + 495 × 1 8 × 5 + 64 × 3 + 495 × 3
= [ 8 × 1 + 64 × 1 + 495 × 1 8 × 3 + 64 × 2 + 495 × 1 ]
8 × 2 + 64 × 1 + 495 × 0 8 × 1 + 64 × 1 + 495 × 1
= [567 1717 567 647 80 567]
Answer: 4145 number of posts all the offices together.
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 II. The basic monthly salary of each kind of office,
S=B×C
56000
1 5 1 3 2 1 37500
26000
= [1 3 1 2 1 1] × 18500
1 3 1 1 0 1 48000
[26000]
56000 + 187500 + 26000 + 55500 + 96000 + 26000
= [56000 + 112500 + 26000 + 37000 + 48000 + 26000]
56000 + 112500 + 26000 + 18500 + 0 + 26000
447000
= [305500] (Answer)
239000

III. Total basic monthly salary bill of all offices taken together,
447000
A × S = [8 64 495] × [305500]
239000
= 8 × 447000 + 64 × 305500 + 495 × 239000]
= [3576000 + 19552000 + 118305000]
= [14143000]
Answer: Total basic monthly salary bill of all offices is 𝟏𝟒𝟏𝟒𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎 Taka.

4. A mixture is to be made of three foods A, B and C. The nutrients P, Q and R contain by the three
foods A, B and C is shown below:
Ounces per pound of nutrient
Food Nutrient Nutrient Nutrient
P Q R
A 1 2 5
B 3 1 0
C 4 2 2
How to form a mixture which will have 8 ounces of P, 5 ounces of Q and 7 ounces of R?
Solution:
Let,
x is the amount of food A
y is the amount of food B
z is the amount of food C
So, the information can be represented by following way,
x + 3y + 4z = 8
2x + y + 2z = 5
5x + 0×y + 2z = 7
This equation can be represented by following way,
1 3 4 x 8
[2 1 2] [y] = [5]
5 0 2 z 7
So, A×X = B
x = A-1 × B
Now, the determinant of |A| = 1(2 − 0)– 3(4 − 10) + 4(0 − 5)

= 2 + 18 − 20 = 0
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 Here, |A| = 0, that means the matrix is single and the inverse of this matrix is not possible.
Answer: The matrix is not possible to be form.

5. Food I has 3 units of vitamins A, 9 units of vitamin B and 12 units of vitamin C. Food II has 6 units
of vitamins A, 7 units of vitamin B and 10 units of units of vitamin C. Food III has 9 units of
vitamins A, and 9 units of vitamin C. The number of units of vitamin A, B and C required are 43,
27 and 55 respectively. Find the amount of three foods that will provide exactly these amounts. Use
matrix method.
Solution:
Let,
x is the amount of food I
y is the amount of food II
z is the amount of food III
So, the information can be represented by following way,
100x + 150y + 90z = 1200 10x + 15y + 9y = 120
60x + 60y + 40z = 700 Or, 6x + 6y + 4z = 70
80x + 180y + 100z = 1500 8x + 18y + 10y = 150
These equation can be represented by following matrix,
10 15 9 x 120
[6 6 4 ] [ y ] = [ 70 ]
8 18 10 z 150
So, A×X = B
x = A-1 × B
Now, the determinant of |A| = 10(60 − 72) – 15(60 − 32) + 9(108 − 98)
= 120 + 420 − 540 =0
Here, |A| = 0, that means the matrix is single and the inverse of this matrix is not possible.
Answer: The mixed is not possible to be form.

Group 22
 1 0 1 0 
1. If A =   and I = 0 1  , then find K so that A2 = 8A + KI.
 − 1 7   
Solution:
Given that,
1 0 1 0
A=[ ] B=[ ] and A2 = 8A + KI
−1 7 0 1

Now,
1 0
A2 = A × A = + [ ]
0 1
1 × 1 + 0 × −1 1×0+0×7
=[ ]
−1 × 1 + 7 × −1 −1 × 0 + 7 × 7
1 0
=[ ]
−8 49

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 1 0 8 0
8A = 8 × [ ] =[ ]
−1 7 −8 56
1 0 K 0
And, KI = K × [ ] =[ ]
0 1 0 K
So, A2 = 8A + KI
1 0 8 0 K 0
⇒ [ ]=[ ]+[ ]
−8 49 −8 56 0 K
1 0 8 0 K 0
⇒ [ ]−[ ]=[ ]
−8 49 −8 56 0 K
−7 0 K 0
⇒ [ ]=[ ]
0 −7 0 K
If, K = −7 then matrix is equation of matrix.
So, K = −7 (Answer)
2. The total cost of manufacturing three types of motor car is given by the following table:
Type Labor Materials Sub-contracted
cost (units) work (units)
(hours)
Car-A 40 100 50
Car-B 80 150 80
Car-C 100 250 100
Labor costs Tk. 120 per hour, materials cost Tk. 65 per unit and sub-contracted work cost
Tk. 50 per unit. Find the total cost of manufacturing 3,000; 2,000 and 1,500 cars of type A, B
and C respectively.
Solution:
Let,
A matrix represents labor cost, materials unit and sub-constructed work unit,
40 100 50
A = [ 80 150 80S ]
100 250 100
B matrix represent the cost of labor, martials and sub-constructed work,
120
B = [ 65 ]
50
C matrix represent the cars of type, A, B, C,
C = [3000 2000 1500]
Now,
Cost of each three types of cars,
40 100 50 120 40 × 120 + 100 × 65 + 50 × 50
A × B = [ 80 150 80S] × [ 65 ] = [ 80 × 120 + 150 × 65 + 80 × 50 ]
100 250 100 50 100 × 120 + 250 × 65 + 100 × 50
4800 + 6500 + 2500 13800
= [ 9600 + 9750 + 4000 ] = [23350]
12000 + 16250 + 5000 33250
The total cost of manufacturing is,
13800
C × AB = [3000 2000 1500] × [23350]
33250

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 = [3000 × 13800 2000 × 23350 1500 × 33250]
= [41400000 46700000 49875000]
= [137975000]

Answer: Total manufacturing cost is 137975000 Taka.

3. Tk. 30,000 is to be deposited into two different banks. The first bank gives interest @ 5% and
the second bank gives interest @ 7%. For getting the interest amount of Tk. 1,800 from first
bank; and Tk. 2,000 from second bank how much money is to be deposited into the banks out
of Tk. 30,000 separately?
Solution:
Let,
First deposit = x
Second deposit = 50,000 – x
First bank gives 5% interest = 0.05
Second Bank gives 7% interest = 0.07
So, the given information can be represented by matrix A and B in the following way:
0.05
A = [x 50,000 − x] B=[ ]
0.07
Now,
The multiplication of A and B
0.05
AB = [x 50,000 − x] × [ ]
0.07
= [0.05x + 0.06(50,000-x)]

So,
0.05x + 0.06(50,000 - x) = 1200 + 1400
⇒ 0.05x + 3000 - 0.06x = 2600
⇒ -0.01x = -400
⇒ x = 40,000
So, the first deposit is 40,000 Taka and the second deposit is (50,000 - 40,000) Taka
= 10,000 Taka (Answer)

4. There are 86 schools and 24 colleges in Rajshahi city. Each school and college has 5 teachers,
2 officers and 3 peons. Each college has in addition, 10 teachers, 2 librarians, 1 computer
operator and 1 peon. The monthly salary of each of them is as follows: teacher = Tk. 40,000,
librarian Tk. 22,000, officer = Tk. 28,000, computer operator Tk. 22,000 and peon Tk. 18000.
Find-
I. The total number of posts of each kind in all the institution taken together.
II. The total basic monthly salary bill of each kind of institute, and
III. The total basic monthly salary bill of all the institution taken together.
Solution:
A matrix represents the number of school and college,
S C
A = [86 24]
B matrix represent staffs of school and college
T L O C P
5 0 2 0 3 s
B=[ ]
15 2 2 1 4 c
C matrix represent monthly salary of staff,

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 40,000 T
22,000 L
C = 28,000 O
22,000 C
[18,000] P
(I) The total number of posts of all institutions,
5 0 2 0 3
A×B = [86 24] × [ ]
15 2 2 1 4
= [86×5 + 24×15 86×0 + 24×2 86×2 + 24×2 86×0 + 24×1 86×3 + 24×4]
= [790 48 220 24 354]
= 1436 (Answer)

(II) The basic salary bill of each kind of institutions,

40,000
22,000
5 0 2 0 3
B×C = [ ] × 28,000
15 2 2 1 4 22,000
[18,000]
5×40000 + 0×22000 + 2×28000 + 0×22000 + 3×18000
=[ ]
15×40000 + 2×22000 + 2×28000 + 1×28000 + 4×18000

310000
=[ ]
794000
= 11,04,000 Taka (Answer)

The basic salary of all institutions together,

310000
A×BC = [86 24]×[ ]
794000
= [86×310000 + 24×794000]
= [26660000 + 19056000]
= [45716000]
= 45716000 Taka (Answer)

5. Three persons A, B and C has Tk. 4800, Tk. 7600 and Tk. 7100 respectively. They utilized the
amounts to purchase three types of shares which has the prices of x, y and z. ‘A’ purchases 2
shares of price x, 7 shares of price y and 10 shares of price z. ‘B’ purchases 4 shares of price
x, 8 shares of price y and 6 shares of price z, ‘C’ purchases l share of price x, 4 shares of price
y and 3 shares of price z. Find x, y and z.
Solution:
A, B, C three person purchases three types of share which has the price of x,y,z.
This information can be represented by following way,
2x+7y+10z= 4800
4x+8y+6z = 7600
1x+4y+3z = 7100
These information can be represented by following matrix,
2 7 10 x 4800
[4 8 6 ] [y] = [7600]
1 4 3 z 7100
So, A ×X = B
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 X = A−1 × B

We have to calculate the inverse of A, first of all we will calculate determinant of A,

|𝐀| = +2(24 − 24) − 7(12 − 6) + 10(16 − 8)

= 0 − 42 + 80
= 38 ≠ 0
So, this matrix is singular, the inverse is possible
Now we have to need the transpose of, A
2 4 1
T
A = [ 7 8 4]
10 6 3

Now,
Minor of 2=0, and co-factor = (−1)1+1 × 0 = 0
Minor of 4= -19, and co-factor = (−1)1+2 × −19 = 19
Minor of 1= -38, and co-factor= (−1)1+3 × −38 = −38
Minor of 7= 6, and co- factor = (−1)2+1 × 6 = −6
Minor of 8= -4, and co- factor = (−1)2+2 × −4 = −4
Minor of 4= -28, and co-factor = (−1)2+3 × −28 = 28
Minor of 10= 8, and co- factor = (−1)3+1 × 8 = 8
Minor of 6 = 1, and co- factor = (−1)3+2 × 1 = −1
Minor of 3= -12, and co-factor = (−1)3+3 × −12 = −12

So,
0 19 −38
The adjoint of A = [−6 −4 28 ]
8 −1 −12

Adjoint of A
A−1 = |A|
0 19 −38
[−6 −4 28 ]
8 −1 −12
= 38

0 19 −38
1
= 38 [−6 −4 28 ]
8 −1 −12
So,
X = A−1 B
0 19 −38 4800
1
= 38 [−6 −4 28 ] × [7600]
8 −1 −12 7100
0 × 4800 + 19 × 7600 + (−38) × 7100
1
= 38 [ −6 × 4800 + (−4) × 7600 + 28 × 7100 ]
8 × 4800 + (−1) × 7600 + (−12) × 7100
0 + 144400 − 269800
1
= 38 [−28800 − 30400 + 198800]
38400 − 7600 − 85200

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 −125400
1
= 38 [ 139600 ]
−54400
−125400
38
−139600
= 38
−54400
[ 38 ]
3300
= [3673.68] [Price cannot be Negative]
1431.58
Answer: The Price of x = 3300 Taka, y = 3673.68 Taka and z = 1431.58 Taka.

Group 23
a b  1 0  0 0
1. If A =   ; I =   ; and O =   ; then show that. A2- (a +d) A – (bc – ad) l = 0
 c d   0 1   0 0 
Solution:
Given that,
a b 1 0 0 0
A=[ ] I=[ ] and O = [ ]
c d 0 1 0 0
We have to prove that, A2- (a +d) A – (bc – ad) l = 0

Now,
a b a b 2
A2 = A × A = [ ]×[ ] = [a + bc ab + bd]
c d c d ac + cd bc + d2
2
[a + d] × A = [a + d] × [a b
] = [a + ad ab + bd ]
c d ac + cd ad + d2
1 0 bc − ad 0
And, [bc − ad] × I = [bc − ad] × [ ] =[ ]
0 1 0 bc − ad
L. S. H = A2 − (a + d) A – (bc – ad) l
2
= [a + bc ab + bd] − [a2 + ad ab + bd] − [bc − ad 0
]
ac + cd bc + d2 ac + cd ad + d2 0 bc − ad
2
= [a + bc − a − ad − bc + ad ab + bd − ad − bd − 0 ]
ac + cd − ac − cd − 0 bc + d2 − ad − d2 − bc + ad
0 0
= [ ]
0 0
= R. H. S
L. S. H = R. H. S

2. For controlling a certain crop disease, it is necessary to use 8 units of chemical A, 14 units of
chemical B and 13 units of chemical C. One barrel of spray P contains 1 unit of chemical A, 2 units
of chemical B and 3 units of chemical C. One barrel of spray Q contains 3 units of chemical A, 2
units of chemical B and 4 units of chemical C; and One barrel of spray R contains 2 units of

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
chemical A, 2 units of chemical B and 5 units of chemical C. How many barrels of each type of
spray should be used to control the disease?
Solution:
‘x’ is the amount of spray P
‘y’ is the amount of spray Q
‘z’ is the amount of spray R

This information can be represented by following way,

1x+3y+2z= 8
2x+2y+2z = 14
3x+4y+5z = 13
These information can be represented by following matrix,
1 2 3 x 8
[3 2 4] [y ] = [14 ]
2 2 5 z 13

So, A ×X = B
X = A−1 × B

We have to calculate the inverse of A, first of all we will calculate determinant of A,

|𝐀| = 1(10 − 8) − 3(10 − 6) + 2(8 − 6)

= 2 − 12 + 4
= −6 ≠ 0
So, this matrix is singular, the inverse is possible
Now we have to need the transpose of, A
1 2 3
T
A = [3 2 4]
2 2 5

Now,
Minor of 1=2, and co-factor = (−1)1+1 × 2 = 2
Minor of 2= 7, and co-factor = (−1)1+2 × 7 = −7
Minor of 3= 2, and co-factor= (−1)1+3 × 2 = 2
Minor of 3= 4, and co- factor = (−1)2+1 × 4 = −4
Minor of 2= -1, and co- factor = (−1)2+2 × −1 = −1
Minor of 4= -2, and co-factor = (−1)2+3 × −2 = 2
Minor of 2= 2, and co- factor = (−1)3+1 × 2 = 2
Minor of 2 =-5, and co- factor = (−1)3+2 × −5 = 5
Minor of 5= -4, and co-factor = (−1)3+3 × −4 = −4

So,
2 −7 2
The adjoint of A = [−4 −1 2]
2 5 −4
Adjoint of A
A−1 = |A|
2 −7 2
[−4 −1 2]
2 5 −4
= −6
2 −7 2
1
= −6 [−4 −1 2 ]
2 5 −4
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 So,
X = A−1 B
2 −7 2 8
1
= −6 [−4 −1 2 ] × [14 ]
2 5 −4 13
2 × 8 − 7 × 14 + 2 × 13
1
= −6 [−4 × 8 − 1 × 14 + 2 × 13 ]
2 × 8 + 5 × 14 − 4 × 13
16 − 98 + 26
1
= −6 [−32 − 14 + 26 ]
16 + 70 − 52
−56
1
= −6 [−20]
34
−56
−6
−20
= −6
−34
[ −6 ]
9.33
= [ 3.33 ] [Amount cannot be Negative]
5.67
Answer: x = 9.33, y = 3.33 and z = 5.67 spray.

3. The per unit price (in Tk.) of three commodities A, B and C are x, y and z respectively. ‘Person-1’
purchases 4 units of commodity C, and sales 3 units of commodity A and 5 units of commodity B;
‘person-2’ purchases 4 units of commodity B and sales 3 units of commodity A and 1 unit of
commodity C; ‘person-3’ purchases 1 unit of commodity A and sales 4 units of commodity B and
3 units of commodity C. In this process the three persons earn Tk. 8,000, Tk. 11,000 and Tk. 15,000
respectively. Using matrices, find the prices per unit of the three commodities.
Solution:
Given that,
Per unit price of A, B, C commodity or x, y, z
This information can be represented by following way,
-3x-5y+4z= 8000
-3x+4y-1z = 11000
1x-4y-3z = 15000
These information can be represented by following matrix,
−3 −5 4 x 8000
[−3 4 −1] [y ] = [11000 ]
1 −4 −3 z 15000

So, A ×X = B
X = A−1 × B

We have to calculate the inverse of A, first of all we will calculate determinant of A,

|𝐀| = −3(−12 − 4) + 5(9 + 1) + 4(12 − 4)

= 48 + 50 + 32
= 130 ≠ 0
So, the inverse is possible

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
Now we have to need the transpose of, A
−3 −3 1
T
A = [−5 4 −4]
4 −1 −3

Now,
Minor of -3= -16, and co-factor = (−1)1+1 × −16 = 1 × −16 = −16
Minor of -3= 31, and co-factor = (−1)1+2 × 31 = −1 × 31 = −31
Minor of 1= -11, and co-factor= (−1)1+3 × −11 = 1 × −11 = −11
Minor of -5= 10, and co- factor = (−1)2+1 × 10 = −1 × 10 = −10
Minor of 4= 5, and co- factor = (−1)2+2 × 5 = 1 × 5 = 5
Minor of -4= 15, and co-factor = (−1)2+3 × 15 = −1 × 15 = −15
Minor of 4= 8, and co- factor = (−1)3+1 × 8 = 1 × 8 = 8
Minor of -1 =17, and co- factor = (−1)3+2 × 17 = −1 × 17 = −17
Minor of -3= -27, and co-factor = (−1)3+3 × −27 = 1 × −27 = −27

So,
−16 −31 −11
The adjoint of A = [−10 5 −15]
8 −17 −27
Adjoint of A
A−1 = |A|
−16 −31 −11
[−10 5 −15]
8 −17 −27
= 130
−16 −31 −11
1
= 130 [−10 5 −15]
8 −17 −27
So,
X = A−1 B
−16 −31 −11 8000
1
= 130 [−10 5 −15] × [11000 ]
8 −17 −27 15000
−16 × 8000 + (−31) × 11000 + (−11) × 15000
1
= 130 [ −10 × 8000 + 5 × 11000 + (−15) × 15000 ]
8 × 8000 + (−17) × 11000 + (−27) × 15000
−634000
1
= 130 [−250000 ]
−528000
−634000
130
−250000
= 130
−528000
[ 130 ]
4876.92
= [1923.08] [Amount cannot be Negative]
4061.54
Answer: The Price of x = 4876.92 Taka, y = 1923.08 Taka and z = 4061.54 Taka.

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
4. A salesman has the following record of sales during three months for three items A, B and C which
have different rates of commission.
Month Sales of units Total Commission drawn (in tk.)
A B C
Jan 75 100 20 10000
Feb 90 80 40 12000
Mar 130 120 30 10500

Find out the rates of commission on items A, B and C.

Solution:
‘x’ is the rate of commission of item A
‘y’ is the rate of commission of item B
‘z’ is the rate of commission of item C

This information can be represented by following way,

75x+100y+20z = 10000 15x+20y+4z = 2000
90x+80y402z = 12000 or, 18x+16y+8z = 2400 [Divided by 5]
130x+120y+30z = 10500 26x+2y+6z = 2100

These information can be represented by following matrix,

15 20 4 x 2000
[18 16 8] [y ] = [2400 ]
26 24 6 z 2100

So, A ×X = B
X = A−1 × B

We have to calculate the inverse of A, first of all we will calculate determinant of A,

|𝐀| = 15(96 − 192) − 20(108 − 208) + 4(432 − 416)

= −1440 + 2000 + 64
= 624 ≠ 0
So, t the inverse is possible
Now we have to need the transpose of, A
15 18 26
AT = [20 16 24]
4 8 6

Now,
Minor of 15= −96, and co-factor = (−1)1+1 × −96 = −96
Minor of 18= −24, and co-factor = (−1)1+2 × 24 = −24
Minor of 26= 96, and co-factor= (−1)1+3 × 96 = 96
Minor of 20= 100, and co- factor = (−1)2+1 × 100 = 100
Minor of 16= −14, and co- factor = (−1)2+2 × −14 = −14
Minor of 24= 48, and co-factor = (−1)2+3 × 48 = −48
Minor of 4= 16, and co- factor = (−1)3+1 × 16 = 16
Minor of 8 = −160, and co- factor = (−1)3+2 × −160 = 160
Minor of 6= −120, and co-factor = (−1)3+3 × −120 = −120

So,
−96 −24 96
The adjoint of A = [ 100 −14 −48 ]
16 160 −120
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 Adjoint of A
A−1 = |A|
−96 −24 96
[ 100 −14 −48 ]
16 160 −120
= 624
−96 −24 96
1
= 624 [ 100 −14 −48 ]
16 160 −120
So,
X = A−1 × B
−96 −24 96 2000
1
= 624 [ 100 −14 −48 ] × [2400 ]
16 160 −120 2100
−96 × 2000 + (−24) × 2400 + 96 × 2100
1
= 624 [10 × 2000 + (−14) × 2400 + (−48) × 2100 ]
16 × 2000 + 160 × 2400 + (−120) × 2100
−48000
1
= 624 [ 65600 ]
16400
−48000
624
65600
= 624
16400
[
624 ]
76.92
= [105.13] [Rate cannot be Negative]
26.28
Answer: A = 76.92, B = 105.13 and C = 26.28 Taka commission.

5. One unit of food I contains 100 units of vitamins, 60 units of minerals and 80 units of calories. One
unit of food II contains 150 units of vitamins, 60 units of minerals and 180 units of calories. One
unit of food III contains 90 units of vitamins, 40 units of minerals and 100 units of calories. Diet
requirement for a patient is 1200 units of vitamins, 700 units of minerals and 1500 units of calories.
How many units of each item be mixed for the diet which would meet the requirements exactly.
Solution:
Let,
x is the amount of food I
y is the amount of food II
z is the amount of food III
So, the information can be represented by following way,
100x + 150y + 90z = 1200 10x + 15y + 9y = 120
60x + 60y + 40z = 700 Or, 6x + 6y + 4z = 70
80x + 180y + 100z = 1500 8x + 18y + 10y = 150
These equation can be represented by following matrix,
10 15 9 x 120
[6 6 4 ] [ y ] = [ 70 ]
8 18 10 z 150
So, A×X = B
x = A-1 × B
Now, the determinant of |A| = 10(60 − 72) – 15(60 − 32) + 9(108 − 98)
= 120 + 420 − 540 =0
Here, |A| = 0, that means the matrix is single and the inverse of this matrix is not possible.
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 Answer: The mixed is not possible to be form.

Group 24

 4 4 0  2 0 − 1  1
     
1. If A =  1 − 2 2  ; B =  3 1 4  ; C =  2  and (3B – 2A) C + 2x = O, where O is a null matrix.
     − 1
     
Find the value of x.
Solution:
Given that, A = B= C=
And, (3B – 2A) C + 2x = O
1
4 4 0
⇒ {3 × −2 × [ ]} × [ 2 ] + 2x = 0
1 −2 2
−1
1
6 0 −3 8 8 0
⇒[ ]−[ ] × [ 2 ] + 2x = 0
9 3 12 2 −4 4
−1
6−8 0−8 −3 − 0 1
⇒[ ] × [ 2 ] + 2x = 0
9 − 2 3 − (−4) 12 − 4
−1
1
−2 −8 −3
⇒[ ] × [ 2 ] + 2x = 0
7 7 8
−1
−2 × 1 + (−8) × 2 + (−3) × −1
⇒[ ] + 2x = 0
7 × 1 + 7 × 2 + 8 × −1
−2 − 16 + 3
⇒[ ] + 2x = 0
7 + 14 − 8
−15
⇒[ ] + 2x = 0
13
−15
⇒ 2x = − [ ]
13
1 −15
⇒ x = −2 −[ ]
13
1
−15 × − 2
⇒x=[ 1 ]
13 × −
2

15

 x = [ 213] (Answer)
−2

2. A manufacturing unit produces three types of products: A, B and C, which it sales in two different
markets. Annual sales volume of the manufacturing unit is indicated as follows:
Markets Products
A B C
1 4000 3000 2000
2 3000 2000 1000
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 If the per unit manufacturing cost of the above three products are Tk. 30. Tk. 25 and Tk. 20
respectively; and per unit selling price of the product A, B and C are Tk. 45, Tk. 35 and Tk.25
respectively; find the total revenue in each market and total profit of both the markets with the help
of matrix algebra.
Solution:
Let,
A matrix represents the cost of these product,
A = [30 25 20]
B matrix represents the selling price of product,
B = [45 35 25]
C matrix represents the sales unit of production,
4000 3000 2000
C= [ ]
3000 2000 1000

Now the total cost of product A, B, A is

4000 3000 2000
A × C = [30 25 20] × [ ]
3000 2000 1000
4000 3000
= [30 25 20] × [3000 2000 ]
2000 1000
30 × 4000 + 25 × 3000 + 20 × 2000
=[ ]
30 × 3000 + 25 × 2000 + 20 × 1000
120000 + 75000 + 40000
=[ ]
90000 + 50000 + 20000
235000
=[ ]
160000
 The total cost of three products is (2,35,000+1,16,000) = 3,95,000 Taka

The total selling price of three product is,

4000 3000 2000
B × C = [45 35 25] × [ ]
3000 2000 1000
4000 3000
= [45 35 25] × [3000 2000 ]
2000 1000
45 × 4000 + 35 × 3000 + 25 × 2000
=[ ]
45 × 3000 + 35 × 2000 + 25 × 1000
180000 + 105000 + 50000
=[ ]
135000 + 70000 + 25000
335000
=[ ]
230000
 The total selling price of three products is (3,35,000+2,30,000) 5,65,000 Taka
Now, we know that –
Total profit = Total revenue – Total Cost
= 5,65,000 – 3,95,000
= 1,70,000 Taka
Answer: Total profit of both market is 1,70,000 Taka.

3. In a survey of 3 upazillas of Natore district, 30 offices from the first upazilla. 25 offices from the
second upazilla, 10 offices from the third upazilla were selected and some information was gathered
which is related to salary of the workers and employees. The survey results shows that in every
office, there have l main assistant, 2 assistants, l treasurer, and 2 peons. Besides in one upazila,

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
each of the offices have 1 field worker, 2 assistants, l typist and l peon in addition, each office of
another upazilla have 1 additional assistant and l peon. The monthly basic salary of a main assistant
is Tk. 35000; office assistant is Tk. 30000; treasurer is Tk. 27000; field worker is Tk. 20000, typist
is Tk. 15000 and peon is Tk. 8500. Find-
(i) How many posts are there in all the offices of the district?
(ii) How much money is required for the monthly basic salary of different offices of the
upazilla?
(iii) How much money is the total monthly basic salary of all the employees of the offices?
Solution:
Let,
A matrix represents the number of office,
A = [30 25 10]
B matrix represents the selling price of product,
MA A Tr Pe Fw Ty
Up − 1
B= Up − 2
Up − 3

C matrix represents the staff of these office,

35000 Manager
30000 Assistant
27000 Treasurer
C = 8500 Peons
20000 Field worker
[ 15000] Typist

(i) The total number of post of all office of all district,

1 4 3 3 1 1
A × B = [30 25 ]
10 × [1 3 3 3 0 0]
1 2 2 2 0 0
= [30 × 1 + 25 × 1 + 10 × 1 30 × 4 + 25 ×3 + 10 ×
2 30 × 3 + 25 × 3 + 10 × 2 30 × 3 + 25 × 3 + 10 × 2 30 × 1 + 25 × 0 + 10 × 0 30 × 1 + 25 × 0 + 10 × 0 ]
= [65 215 65 186 30 30 ]
= [590 ] (Answer)
(ii) Total basic salary of all employes of the office,
35000
1 4 3 3 1 1 30000
27000
B × C = [1 3 3 3 0 0 ] × 8500
1 2 2 2 0 0 20000
[ 15000]
1 × 35000 + 4 × 30000 + 3 × 27000 + 3 × 8500 + 1 × 20000 + 1 × 15000
= [1 × 35000 + 3 × 30000 + 3 × 27000 + 3 × 8500 + 0 × 20000 + 1 × 15000]
1 × 35000 + 2 × 30000 + 2 × 27000 + 2 × 8500 + 0 × 20000 + 0 × 15000
296500
= [231500]
166000

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 = [694000] (Answer)

(iii) Total basic salary of all employees of the offices: -

= [30 × 296500 + 25 × 231500 + 10 × 166000]

= [8895000 + 5787500 + 1660000]
= [16342500] (Answer)

4. On Monday, A shopkeeper has sold 40 kg onion, 50 kg potatoes, 22 kg tomatoes and 16 kg brinjal.

On Tuesday, he has sold 30 kg onion. 35 kg potatoes. 14 kg tomatoes and 10 kg brinjal. On Monday
the selling price of per kg vegetables was: onion = Tk. 35, potato = Tk. 25, tomato = Tk. 50 and
brinjal = Tk. 40. The selling price per kg onion, potato, tomato and brinjal was increased by Tk. 5
on Tuesday. Find the total amount of money earned from two days business.
Answer:
Let,
Matrix-A is represented the sales units of onion, potato, tomato and brinjal,
40 50 22 16 Monday
A=[ ]
30 35 14 10 Tuesday

Matrix-B is represented the selling price units of onion, potato, tomato and brinjal,
35 25 50 40
B=[ ]
40 30 55 45

Total earned from two days is: -

40 50 22 16 35 25 50 40
A×B=[ ]×[ ]
30 35 14 10 40 30 55 45
35 40
40 50 22 16 25 30
=[ ] × [50 55 ]
30 35 14 10
40 45
40 × 35 + 50 × 25 + 22 × 50 + 16 × 40 40 × 40 + 50 × 30 + 22 × 55 + 16 × 45
=[ ]
30 × 35 + 35 × 25 + 14 × 50 + 10 × 40 30 × 40 + 35 × 30 + 14 × 55 + 10 × 45
4390 5030
=[ ]
3025 3470
Total amount of money earned = 4390 + 5030 + 3025 + 3470 = 159157 Taka (Answer)

Group 25
1 3 4
1. Given the matrix, A = 3 − 1 6 , prove that (AT)-1 = (A-1) T.

 
− 1 5 1 
Solution:
Given that,
1 3 4
A = 3 − 1 6
 −1
Proved that, = (AT ) = (A−1 )T
 
− 1 5 1 
−1
L.H.S = (AT )

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 Determinant of A, |A| = 1(−1 − 30) − 3(3 − 20) − 1(18 + 4)
= −31 + 51 − 22
= −2
1 3 −1
Now, Transpose of A (𝐴𝑇 ) = [3 −7 5 ]
4 6 1
Here,
Minor of 1=−31, and co-factor = (−1)1+1 × −31 = −31
Minor of 3= −17, and co-factor = (−1)1+2 × −17 = 17
Minor of −1= 22, and co-factor= (−1)1+3 × 22 = 22
Minor of 3= 9, and co- factor = (−1)2+1 × 9 = −9
Minor of −1= 5, and co- factor = (−1)2+2 × 5 = 5
Minor of 5= −6, and co-factor = (−1)2+3 × −6 = 6
Minor of 4= 14, and co- factor = (−1)3+1 × 14 = 14
Minor of 6 = 8, and co- factor = (−1)3+2 × 8 = −8
Minor of 1= −10, and co-factor = (−1)3+3 × −10 = −10

So,
−31 17 22
Co-factor of A = [ −9 5 6]
14 −8 10
−31 −9 14
Adjoint of A = [ 17 5 −8 ]
22 6 −10
Adjoint of A
A−1 =
|A|
−31 −9 14
[ 17 5 −8 ]
22 6 −10
= −2
−31 −9 14
31 9
−2 −2 −2
2 2
−7
17 5 −8
= −2 −2 −2
=[ −17 −5
4]
22 6 −10 2 2
[ −2 −2 −2 ]
−11 −3 5

R.H.S = (A−1 )T
Determinant of A, |A| = 1(−1 − 30) − 3(3 − 20) − 1(18 + 4)
= −31 + 51 − 22
= −2
Now,
Minor of 1 = −31, and co-factor = (−1)1+1 × −31 = −31
Minor of 3 = 9, and co-factor = (−1)1+2 × −17 = −9
Minor of −4 = 14, and co-factor= (−1)1+3 × 22 = 14
Minor of 3 = −17 , and co- factor = (−1)2+1 × 9 = 17
Minor of −1= 5, and co- factor = (−1)2+2 × 5 = 5 = 5
Minor of 6 = 8, and co-factor = (−1)2+3 × −6 = −8
Minor of 1= 22, and co- factor = (−1)3+1 × 14 = 22
Minor of 5 = −6 , and co- factor = (−1)3+2 × 8 = 6
Minor of 1= −10, and co-factor = (−1)3+3 × −10 = −10

So,

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 −31 −9 14
Co-factor of A = [ 17 5 −8 ]
22 6 −10
−31 17 22
Adjoint of A = [ −9 5 6]
14 −8 10
Adjoint of A
 |A|
−31 17 22
[ −9 5 6]
14 −8 10
= −2
−31 17 22
31 −17
−2 −2 −2
2 2
−11
−9 5 6
= −2 −2 −2
=[ 9 5
−3 ]
14 −8 −10 2 2
[ −2 −2 −2 ]
−7 4 5
31 9
−7
2 2
−1
A = −17 −5
4
2 2
[−11 −3 5]

L.H.S = R.H.S (Proved)

2. By matrix method solve the following equations:

x–y-z=0
2x - 5y + 4z = 0
5x + 3y – 9z = 12
Solution:
Given that,
x–y-z=0
2x - 5y + 4z = 0
5x + 3y – 9z = 12
These equations can be represented by following matrix,
1 −1 −1 𝑥 0
[2 −5 4 ] [𝑦] = [ 0 ]
5 3 −9 𝑧 12
So, A × x = B
𝑥 = 𝐴−1 × 𝐵
Determinant of A, |A| = 1(45 − 12) + 1(−18 − 20) − 1(6 + 25)
= 33 − 38 + 31
= 26
1 2 5
Transpose of A (𝐴𝑇 ) = [−1 −5 3 ]
−1 4 −9
Now,
Minor of 1 = 33, and co-factor = (−1)1+1 × 33 = 33
Minor of 2 = 12 , and co- factor = (−1)1+2 × 12 = −12
Minor of 5 = −9, and co- factor = (−1)1+3 × −9 = −9
Minor of −1 = −38, and co-factor = (−1)2+1 × −38 = 38
Minor of −5 = −4 , and co- factor = (−1)2+2 × −4 = −4
Minor of 3 = 6, and co-factor = (−1)2+3 × 6 = −6
Minor of −1 = 31, and co-factor= (−1)3+1 × 31 = 31
Minor of 4 = 8 , and co- factor = (−1)3+2 × 8 = −8
Minor of−9 = −2, and co-factor = (−1)3+3 × −2 = −2
Md. Mahbubar Rahman
Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 So,
33 −12 −9
Co-factor of A = [38 −4 −6]
31 −8 −2
33 38 31
Adjoint of A = [−12 −4 −8]
−9 −6 −2
1 33 38 31
A−1 = [−12 −4 −8]
26
−9 −6 −2
1 33 38 31 0
A−1 × 𝐵 = [−12 −4 −8] × [ 0 ]
26
−9 −6 −2 12

1
33 × 0 + 38 × 0 + 31 × 12
= 26
[ −12 × 0 − 4 × 0 − 8 × 12 ]
−9 × 0 − 6 × 0 − 2 × 12
1
0 + 0 + 372
= 26
[ 0 − 0 − 96 ]
0 − 0 − 24
1
372
= [ 96 ]
26
24
372
26
96
= (Answer)
26
24
[ 26 ]

3. Two institutions decided to award their employees for the three values of resourcefulness,
competence and determination in the form of prizes at the rate of Tk. x, Tk. y and Tk. z
respectively per person. The first institution decided to award respectively 4, 3 and 2 employees
with total prize money of Tk. 37000 and the second institution decided to award respectively 5, 3
and 4 employees with total price money of Tk. 47000. If all the three prizes per person together
amount to Tk. 12000, then using the matrix method find the value of x, y and z. What values are
described in this equation?
Solution: Empty

4.The cost of manufacturing of three types of motor cars is given bellow:

Motor car Labor Material used Sub-contracted work

A 40 hours 100 units 50 units

B 70 hours 150 units 70 units
C 100 hours 200 units 100 units

Labor cost is Tk.50 per hour, per unit material cost is Tk.10 and per unit, Sub-contracted work
cost is Tk.20. Find the total cost of manufacturing 5000, 3000 and 1000 vehicles of A, B, C
respectively.
Solution:
Let,
Matrix-A is represented labor, material, sub-constructed work unit,

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU
 40 100 50
A = [ 70 150 70 ]
100 200 100
Matrix-B is represented the labor cost of each unit,
50
B = [10]
20
Matrix-C is represented the total cost,
C = [5000 3000 1000]
Now,
Per unit cost of labor, martial and sub-work,
40 100 50 50
A × B = [ 70 150 70 ] × [10]
100 200 100 20
40 × 50 + 100 × 10 + 50 × 20
= [ 70 × 50 + 150 × 10 + 70 × 20 ]
100 × 50 + 200 × 10 + 100 × 20

2000 + 1000 + 1000

= [3500 + 1500 + 1400]
5000 + 2000 + 2000
4000
= [6400]
9000
4000
The total cost is = AB × C = [5000 3000 1000] × [6400]
9000
= [20000000 19200000 9000000]
= 48200000
Total cost is 48200000 Taka (Answer)

Md. Mahbubar Rahman

Professor, Department of Marketing, RU