Journal of Indonesian Impressions (JII)

Vol. 3, No. 11, November 2024

p-ISSN: 2828-1284 e-ISSN: 2810-062x
Website: https: //rivierapublishing.id/JII/ index.php / jii /index

DESIGN AND BUILD SMART REMOTE FOR IOT BASED AIR

CONDITIONER
Arif Maulana, Randi Dwi W., Doni Setiawan
Muhammadiyah Tegal Polytechnic, Indonesia
[email protected]
Keywords Abstract
ESP Microcontroller, Progress Internet of Things (IoT) technology has open opportunity new
Internet of Things, in development device smart and capable increase efficiency energy
Infrared, AC. and provide comfort more for user. One of the potential device For
automated is cooler air conditioning (AC), considering its intensive use
in consumption energy at home ladder and also building offices.
However, traditional AC Still own limitations in matter accessibility
distance distance and efficiency energy, which is often result in waste
energy consequence lack of arrangement automatically. Therefore that,
research This aiming For design and develop smart air conditioner
remote prototype IoT based which can controlled from distance Far as
well as set up in a way automatic based on temperature data
environment.
Quantitative methods used in study This covering preparation tools,
observation, consultation expert, testing tools, evaluation, and
withdrawal conclusion. Testing done For evaluate functionality tools,
stability IoT connections, as well as effectiveness arrangement
automatic in control temperature. Research results show that IoT based
remote AC system developed capable arrange temperature room in a
way automatic in accordance with condition environment and reduce
consumption energy compared to with manual operation . System this
also works increase accessibility user through control distance far as
can be accessed through application mobile.
Implications from study This is development more carry on from IoT
technology in management device House ladder smart and economical
energy. Prototype This can become base for innovation other devices in
automation House as well as contribute to global efforts in subtraction
consumption energy. With more implementation wide, expected
system This can support sustainability environment through efficiency
energy in various sector.
Corresponding Author : Arif Maulana
Email: [email protected]

INTRODUCTION
Progress The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionize various
sector, especially automation home and devices smart, including system cooler air
conditioning (AC). Traditional AC system generally not enough own accessibility distance
distance and adaptability time real, which limits efficiency in respond change condition
environment and optimize consumption energy. In this digital era, there is increasing
demand increase to device intelligent capable give control and feed come back in real-time.
As the world faces challenge environment consequence consumption excessive energy,
researchers and engineers the more focus on development solution IoT based that enables
control distance remote, monitoring, and management efficient energy.
One of problem main in traditional AC systems is his inability For integrated with
device clever For efficient use and control. Users often No can adapt arrangement from
distance Far or set response automatic based on temperature data time real. Limitations this
is very significant Because part big building donate portion big in consumption global energy,

Doi: 10.58344/jii.v3i11.5711 871

Arif Maulana
DESIGN AND BUILD SMART REMOTE FOR IOT BASED AIR CONDITIONER

especially For need heating and cooling (Ali, 2019)). For overcome problem This, IoT- based
AC remote control system has been appear as solution potential to improve comfort, optimize
energy use, and enable users control their AC unit Where have you been through application
mobile or web interface.
A number of study has explore integration IoT technology with system AC control for
reach solution more cooling smart and responsive. For example, in research conducted by
Anwari (2020), a prototype IoT based AC remote control system using infrared sensors
designed For manage AC operation from distance far. This study at the State University of
Jakarta highlights efficiency use of IoT for real-time control, which improves comfort user
through accessibility distance Far.
Desai (2019) develop system automation homes that utilize IoT for integrate control
fans and air conditioners for efficiency energy, with NodeMCU as controller main. This
integration show how IoT can simplify control device House stairs, reduce need will manual
adjustment, and offers response automatic to change temperature. Similarly, Isyanto et al.
(2020) designed a portable AC clever IoT based which shows its potential in facilitate
arrangement higher temperature easy through interface mobile.
In a study conducted by Totade (2022), a system automation House based on Arduino
and NodeMCU is proposed, where the user can manage various device House stairs ,
including AC system, in distance far. Focus the main thing is on the rise comfort users and
reduction consumption energy with adapt AC settings based on preference users and
conditions environment. Alam (2023) step more Far with develop system IoT based special
For heating and cooling, which aims to increase efficiency energy throughout system
building.
Thongkaew (2022) works on smart AC system IoT- based capable control temperature
in room in a way automatic. Research This is part from more trends broad focus on
development system intelligent responsive change environment in a way autonomous.
Research This show that IoT based AC control offers a viable solution For reduce
consumption energy at home stairs and buildings while maintain comfort thermal.
Foundation theoretical from system IoT based AC control is based on the principle
system embedded, communication wireless, and automation smart. IoT technology utilizes
connectivity network For transmit data between device, allowing monitoring and control
time real. NodeMCU and Arduino, which are common IoT microcontroller, facilitating
interaction between the AC unit and the cloud, where data is processed and stored.
In the study as done by, Rocha (2020)the role of IoT in increase efficiency energy in
buildings smart is emphasized, providing framework solid work for system IoT based AC
control. With integrating sensors such as detector temperature and humidity, IoT devices can
make decision based on data. This is important For smart AC system, which adapts its
operation based on reading temperature, preference user, or the schedule that has been
determined (Hariadi, 2019).
Researches This in line with theory that IoT technology can allow device economical
energy with make it more smart and more autonomous. Combination sensor network,
connectivity wireless, and computing cloud allow AC system for respond condition
environment in a way dynamic, reduce use energy that is not need, and improve comfort user
(Afandi, 2021).
Study This aiming For develop and implement smart air conditioner remote control
prototype IoT- based that enhances comfort users and efficiency energy. Its main purpose
includes : Building an IoT- based AC remote control that utilizes sensors and
microcontrollers For allow operation distance Far and real-time monitoring. Developing
optimizing algorithm AC usage based on temperature data room For reduce consumption
energy that is not need. Make friendly interface users who allow user control their AC unit
from application mobile or web, regardless from location they. Increase Comfort in Room :
Ensure system can maintain temperature in comfortable room with adapt AC settings
automatically automatic based on bait back sensor.
Implications from study This is diverse, impacting progress technology and efforts
conservation environment. Implementation system IoT based AC control can produce

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DESIGN AND BUILD SMART REMOTE FOR IOT BASED AIR CONDITIONER

savings significant energy with minimize wasted energy .Alam (2023) emphasize IoT
potential in reduce footsteps environment building, with system control clever like This
become key For style life more urban sustainable.
In addition, research This provide print blue For innovation in the future in automation
home. Along with development IoT technology, system This can expanded For integrate
device House ladder others , creating a completely environment automatic and mutual
connected. Vinola (2020) :Widodo (2021)) explore system similar, shows eligibility
integrating IoT with device daily For more control and monitoring Good.
More further research This can contribute in reduce cost operational For House stairs
and buildings commercial. With automate AC unit control and adjust timetable For use
optimal energy, users can lower bill electricity in a way significant (Al-Ghasem, 2020).
Economic benefits This is very valuable in areas with price high electricity or where
conservation energy become priority consequence policy environment.

RESEARCH METHOD
Types of research used in studies This is study development technology (development
research) which focuses on designing and developing system or tool new. Research This try
create IoT based AC remote control prototype designed For increase efficiency energy and
provide convenience control for user.
The approach used in study This is approach quantitative. This is Because study
involving collection and analysis of numerical data from results testing tools, such as
effectiveness control temperature, level efficiency energy , as well as stability connection
network on IoT devices. Quantitative data This analyzed For know how far the tools have
been developed fulfil indicator the success that has been determined.
With approach this , research focus on evaluation based on data regarding performance
tools and how system can give optimal results according to with objective study.
In research This is the method used covers a number of stages , namely technique
preparation, observation, consultation, testing tools, evaluation, and withdrawal conclusion.
Here is explanation from every stages the :
Preparation
Stage preparation is step beginning in the research process, which includes planning
and determination tool as well as necessary materials. At stage this, researcher identify
specification tools, components that will be used, and design the system that will developed.
Preparation This includes :
1. Selection and assembly device hard such as temperature sensors, NodeMCU
modules, and devices infrared .
2. Development device soft For control the AC through the IoT platform, using
Language appropriate programming.
3. Block diagram creation and design channel Work system as guide in stage
implementation.

Observation
After preparation finished, stage observation done For understand more in about
conditions and variables to be tested in study this. Observation This done to :
1. Condition environment the room where the AC will be used, including variation
temperature and humidity.
2. Characteristics response from AC when connected with IoT devices and changes
temperature.
3. Behavior device in various condition like temperature high and low, and change
sudden For test response system.
4. Observation This aiming For understand dynamics the environment that will made
into base in design arrangement automatically on IoT- based AC remote.

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Consultation
Stage consultation done For get input from competent experts in the field of IoT,
systems control, and techniques electro . Consultation This done in a way periodic For ensure
design and implementation tool in accordance with required standards. Consultation done
For :
1. Validating design device hardware and devices software that has been made.
2. Ensure that programming on the system walk with good and following standard
relevant technical.
3. Discuss potential possible problems arise during testing, as well as look for the right
solution.

Consultation This help ensure that design and operation tool walk in accordance with
objective study.

Tool Testing
Stage This is part important in method research, where the tools that have been
designed and assembled tested in a way deep For ensure its functionality. Testing tool done
in a number of step :
1. Testing Basic Function : Ensure every component functioning with well, like a
temperature sensor that detects temperature room in a way accurate, NodeMCU that
sends data to the cloud, and the module infrared that transmits order to AC.
2. Testing Connectivity : Testing the connection device to the internet and ensure the
data can be sent and received in a way stable.
3. Testing Control Automatic : Testing settings automatic on AC based on detected
temperature, as well as ensure AC response to order in accordance with what is
desired .
4. Durability Test : Performing testing in term time certain For ensure that tool still
functioning with good below condition normal use or intensive.
Testing This aiming For see whether tool can functioning with good, and ensure that
results obtained in accordance with specifications that have been planned.

Evaluation
Stage evaluation done with analyze results testing tools that have been conducted.
Evaluation includes :
1. Test Data Evaluation : Data from testing collected and analyzed For know whether
system fulfil indicator the success that has been set.
2. Identification Weaknesses and Strengths : Review parts from functioning system with
good and in need repair.
3. Analysis Energy Efficiency : Evaluating extent of use of smart AC IoT based can
reduce consumption energy If compared to with manual settings.

Evaluation This aiming For to obtain information about performance tools and validate
whether tool the has reach desired goal.

Drawing Conclusions
Stage end in method study This is withdrawal conclusion based on the data obtained
from results testing and evaluation. This conclusion will includes :
1. Effectiveness and efficiency IoT based remote AC system in control temperature and
save energy.
2. Reliability system in respond change environment and fulfill need user.
3. Recommendation For development more carry on or improvement feature For
research and application furthermore.

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Through this process, it is hoped that study can give contribution to development IoT
technology in AC control as well give outlook new about effectiveness device clever in help
management energy.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In this chapter, the author will explain and explain how to create and test the results
of this Final Project product research. The tests carried out include testing the performance
of the entire system, as well as analyzing data transmission from input to output, so that this
tool can be applied to AC (AC) at home that already has an internet network.
Tool Making
Hardware Manufacturing
Tools and materials
To make a tool, several components are needed and assembled into one unit, here are
the components and tools that have been assembled:
1. ESP32 Microcontroller
2. Smartphone with Telegram application installed
3. USB Type C Cable
4. BC547 Transistor
5. 1k resistor
6. IR Receiver
7. Led by IR
8. DHT11 Temperature Sensor
9. Cable Jumper
10. 2m hole PCB board
11. 40W Soldering Iron
12. Solder Tin

Figure 1. Tools and Materials

Source (Personal Document)
Network Scheme
a. IR Receiver Signal Receiver Network Schematic.

Figure 2. IR Receiver Circuit Schematic on ESP32

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Source (Personal Document)

b. Smart Remote IoT For AC Network Scheme

Figure 3. Smart Remote IoT Network Schematic For Gree AC

Source (Personal Document)

c. Mounting Components to PCB Board Points

Figure 4. Installation Component

d. Catch signal Gree AC IR

a. Signal capture

Figure 5. Recording IR code from AC Remote

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b. IR Receiver Signal Capture Results

Gree AC Remote Code

Save and use the IR Receiver code retrieval results in programming the Gree Smart
Remote AC in the Arduino Ide application .

Software Design
Make Botable in Telegram app
In this case, the author uses the Telegram application to communicate and send
messages to ESP32 board, here the steps :
a. Type in the column search with the word " BotFather " , select box tick blue .

Figure 7. " Botfather " column

b. Then click Start.

c. Then select or type "/newbot" and type the name of the Bot we want without spaces.
Make sure the Bot name is unique and has never been used by another bot. For this
time, the author is registered with the name @RemoteAcIot_bot.

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Figure 8. Column " Newbot "

d. Then, if the bot father replies by sending a token, it means that the Bot name we
registered was accepted.
e. Type in the search field with the name of the Bot that we have successfully registered.
If it appears, it means that the telegram bot is ready to communicate automatically
with the ESP32 Board.

Figure 9. Successfully registered Branda Telegram Bot Column

Install the ESP32 Board in the Arduino IDE application

Because the author uses the ESP32 microprocessor. To start programming the ESP32
using the Arduino Ide, the Board must first be configured so that the Arduino Ide is
connected to the ESP32 microprocessor module.
Here are the steps:
a. Open Arduino IDE >> Select File >> Preferences menu

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Figure 10. Arduino Idea

b. Preferences column, enter this link https://dl.espressif.com/dl/package_esp32_in

dex.json in the field that . Then click OK.

Figure 11. Arduino Idea Reference Column

c. Close the Preferences Window , go to Tools >> Board >> Boards Manager

Figure 12. Tools, Board, Board Manager

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d. Boards Manager window , type ESP >> select the highest version from >> then click
Install

Figure 13. Windows Board Manager, ESP

e. Next, select the Tools >> Board Menu > >Select the ESP32 Dev Module

Figure 14. Menu Tools, Board, ESP32 Developer Module

f. Connect the ESP32 Module to your Laptop as shown in the image below.

Figure 15. Connecting the ESP32 Module to a Laptop

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g. Make sure the USB PORT is connected as shown in the image below .
ESP-Wroom-32

Figure 16. Connected USB Port

Type the Program Code below for Test and make sure the ESP32 Serial Port is
working properly.
Table 1. Program Code ESP32 Serial

ESP32SerialTest//
cancel setup( )
{
serial.begin (115200);
}
loop ( )
{
Serial.println (" ESP32 Serial Test ");
delay( 1000);
}

h. Upload the program code to the ESP32 Module just like you would to an Arduino
Uno or anything else.
i. When the following text appears as connecting......____......____, press the key
BOOT on the ESP32 Module board .

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Figure 17. Connecting on the ESP32 Module Board

j. Then select Tools >> Serial Monitor . If successful, it will appear as follows in the
Serial Monitor. And make sure the Baudrate uses 115200.

Figure 18. Serial Monitor Tool

k. The ESP32 module is ready to use and can be programmed according to commands.

Programming on Arduino Software idea

Programming is done after the hardware is complete. All hardware is tested whether
it can run and according to desire or not. Then enter the C++ language program to the ESP32
Board using the Arduino IDE software. In it there are include, define, setup and loop.
1. The first process is # include. which functions to call libraries from each set used.
This program can be seen in figure 19 below.

Figure 19. Hardware library calling code

2. The next process is #define, which functions to determine the pin out used on the

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esp32 board so that the program sent is as desired. This program can seen in figure
20 below.

Figure 20. Pinout definition code used

3. The next process is to write the device variables used, such as telegram bot, ir led, ir
recv, DHT11. This program can seen in figure 21 below .

Figure 21. Device variables used

4. Next is void setup(); used to initialize the initial settings required by the hardware
and software. This program can seen in figure 22 below .

Figure 22. Cancel setup process

5. Then the last one, namely the loop, for the loop the author uses the command void
handleMassage( ); which is a special function used to process and respond to
messages received from the source. certain (e.g. Telegram, MQTT, etc. ). This
program can seen in figure 23 below .

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Figure 23. Void handles the massage process

Testing Tools on Air Conditioning Units

In the Arduino Nano test, it is done by writing a program on the Arduino IDE sketch
and then compiling it on the ESP32 board, until the process is complete.
Preparation of Tools and Place
• Place the appliance in a position parallel to the indoor AC unit with no obstructions
between the two.
• Make sure the USB Type-C cable is connected as a 5V power source. to tools and
indicators light up .
• This means the tool is ready to use.
Connect to Wifi
• Connect your phone to the device by linking using the ESP32 Access Point Board.
Password customized with coding on Arduino IDE
• Tap ESP32_AP to continue to menu Wifi Manager For configuration wifi House .
• Select the home wifi with the strongest signal. Then click the (√) sign
• The Wifi Manager window will close automatically, meaning the device is connected.
to wifi home and ready used .
• Marked by the indicator light on the device turning blue.

Figure 24. Configuration Wi-Fi

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Telegram Connection Test

• If the blue indicator LED lights up, it means the device connection with the telegram
bot is connected.
• And the telegram is ready to send messages
• This corresponds to the coding command as shown in the image below.

Figure 25. Telegram bot connectivity process

AC On, Off, Temperature Check Test

• Send the command "/on" via Telegram.
• Wait a few seconds, until the telegram gets a reply message from the device "AC is
turned on" and the blue LED lights up, meaning the device has sent a signal to the AC
unit.
• Send the command "/off" via Telegram.
• Wait a few seconds, until the telegram gets a reply message from the device "ac turned
off" and the blue led lights up, meaning the device has sent a signal to the AC unit.
• Send the command "/temperature" via Telegram.
• Wait a few seconds, until Telegram gets a reply message from the tool "current
temperature: " according to the room conditions.
The process can be seen in figure 25 below.

Telegram Message Sending Process

Equipment Condition Equipment Condition

When AC is Off When is On

Figure 26. Tool Testing

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CONCLUSION
Development smart air conditioner remote control system IoT based is step significant
progress in automation home and management energy. The literature that has been reviewed
show that system kind of This offer benefit substantial, starting from efficiency more energy
height and comfort user until sustainability a more environment good. With integrating IoT
with AC system, it is possible For create solution smart to overcome limitations of traditional
AC units and contribute to the goal savings global energy.
Proposed prototype aiming For give benefit This with insert temperature sensor,
accessibility distance far, and algorithm intelligent to in system AC control. Research This No
only fill in lack in understanding moment This about IoT potential in management energy
but also provides solution practical for users who search control more big on device House
ladder them. Along with accessibility IoT technology is increasingly wide, adoption smart air
conditioning system This possibility will increase, in the end contribute to a better future
sustainable.

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Afandi, M. A., et al. (2021). Automated Air Conditioner Controller and Monitoring Based on
Internet of Things. IJEIS.
Alam, M., et al. (2023). Internet of Things (IoT) Monitoring and Control for Smart Heating
and Cooling Systems. IEEE.
Al-Ghasem, A., & Ussaleh, N. (2020). An IoT-Based Smart Controlling System of Air
Conditioner for High Energy Efficiency. IEEE. IEEE Xplore.
Ali, A. M. , et al. (2019). IoT-Based Smart Air Conditioning Control for Thermal Comfort.
IEEE . IEEE Xplore.
Anwari, FB, & Ramadhan, MG (2020). IoT -Based AC Remote Control Prototype . State
University of Jakarta. UNJ Repository.
Desai, R. , et al. (2019). IoT-Based Home Automation with Smart Fan and AC Using
NodeMCU . Springer.
Hariadi , R. R., et al. (2019). Termo : Smart Air Conditioner Controller Integrated with
Temperature and Humidity Sensor . IEEE.
Isyanto, H., et al. (2020). Design Build a Smart Portable AC Based on Internet of Things
(IoT). RESISTOR Journal. UMJ Journal.
Pribadi , O. (2020). System IoT Based Air Conditioner (AC) Remote Control . TIMES Journal
. STMIK TIME Journal.
Rocha, F. , et al. (2020). Energy Efficiency in Smart Buildings: An IoT-Based Air
Conditioning Control System . Springer.
Thongkaew , S., & Charitkuan , C. (2022). IoT-Based Smart Air Conditioning System. IEEE.
IEEE Xplore.
Totade , R. S., & Kulkarni, H. H. (2022). A Smart Home Automation System Based on
Internet of Things (IoT) Using Arduino and NodeMCU. Springer. Springer Link.
Totade , R. S., & Kulkarni, H. H. (2022). Remote Monitoring and Controlling of Household
Devices Using IoT. Springer. Springer Link.
Vinola, F., & Rakhman, A. (2020). Temperature Monitoring and Controlling System Room
Based on Internet of Things. Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering. EJournal
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Widodo, A., et al. (2021). Smart AC Remote: Controller Automatic Air Conditioner
Temperature Internet of Things Based Based on Temperature Current Room. Journal
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