Plumbing

FIXTURES, APPLIANCES,
AND APPURTENANCES
BY GROUP 2
 Learning
OBJECTIVES
a.) To define what plumbing is and how it works;
b.) To learn about the various plumbing fixtures,
appurtenances, and appliances: their functions and roles;

c.) To identify the difference among plumbing fixtures,

appurtenances, and appliances;

d.) To determine the importance of plumbing in civil

engineering.
 PLumbing?
WHAT IS
 PLumbing?
WHAT IS
Plumbing may be defined as the practice used in installing,
maintaining, and altering piping, fixtures, appliances, and
appurtenances in connection with a public or private water
supply systems.
 PLumbing?
WHAT IS
The plumbing system in the building is composed of two
separate subsystems. One subsystem brings freshwater in, and
the other takes waste water out.
Elements of a
PLUMBING SYSTEM
The primary purposes of a plumbing system are

To bring an adequate and potable supply of hot and

cold water to the inhabitants of a house.

To drain all wastewater and sewage discharge from

fixtures into the public sewer or a private disposal system.
 A PLUMBING SYSTEM CONSISTS OF
THREE PARTS:
An adequate A safe and
and potable adequate Ample fixtures
water supply drainage system and equipment
system

FIRST SECOND THIRD

PLumbing Fixtures
WHAT AREPLumbing Fixtures
Plumbing Fixtures includes all installed receptacles or devices
that is supplied with water and discharges such liquid wastes into
the drainage system in which they are directly or indirectly
connected.
 Materials
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
Plumbing Fixtures shall be made of dense, durable,
non-absorbent materials and shall have smooth, impervious
surfaces, free from concealed fouling surfaces.
1. FAUCET
A device that controls the
flow of liquid, especially water,
from a pipe.
2. SINK
Plumbing fixtures provided in
kitchens for cleaning utensils.
These are also provided in
laboratories for cleaning
laboratory ware.
Kitchen Laboratory
SINK SINK
3. WASH BASINS
Plumbing fixtures provided for
washing hands and face and
brushing teeth in a standing
position.
 FLAT BACK PATTERN ANGLE BACK PATTERN
630 x 450 mm, 550 x 400 mm, and 450 x 600 x 480 mm and 400 x 400 mm
300 mm
4..BATH TUB
Plumbing fixtures provided in the
bath rooms for taking bath.The
bath tubs are provided with a
circular waste hole at the bottom
for draining.
4. BATH TUB
The waste hole is provided with
a metallic waste fitting having
a strainer and a clear opening
of about 40 to 50 mm
diameter. The bath tub is
provided with tap/shower and
an overflow pipe of diameter
40 mm located at 40 to 50 mm
below the top edge of the tub.
5. URINALS
Plumbing fixtures provided for
the purpose of urinating. These
are usually made of glazed
earthenware or vitreous china.
a. MANUAL
HANDLES
Each urinal is equipped with a
button or short lever to activate
the flush, with users expected to
operate it as they leave.
b. AUTOMATIC
FLUSH
A passive infrared sensor
identifies when the urinal has
been used, by detecting when
someone has stood in front of it
and moved away, and then
activates the flush
c. WATERLESS
URINALS
It uses a trap insert filled with a
sealant liquid instead of water.
The lighter-than-water sealant
floats on top of the urine
collected in the U-bend,
preventing odors from being
released into the air.
6. WATER
CLOSETS
It is provided to receive human
excreta directly from the user.
The excreta is flushed with the
help of water from the cistern
tank
 Types of
WATER CLOSETS
BASED ON MECHANISM
 DUAL FLUSH TOILET DOUBLE CYCLONE FLUSH
As the name suggests, they have They use less water per flush
two flush button options – a half while having the same power as
flush and a full flush. The half a full flush. Although not as
flush is used for liquid waste, water-efficient as dual-flush
while we use the full flush for toilets, they are still considered
solid waste. eco-friendly
PRESSURE ASSISTED TOILETS GRAVITY-FLUSH TOILET
The toilet tank holds water that
Their biggest advantage of a
drops into the bowl once you
pressure-assist toilet is the
press the flush button. The water
powerful flush. The mechanism
then pushes all the waste
uses pressurized air to force
through the trap way.With one of
water into the toilet tank. This
these, you almost never get a
means almost no double flushes.
clogged toilet to deal with.
 COMPOSTING TOILETS WATERLESS “DRY SANITATION”
TOILET
The biological process called This toilet doesn’t use any water
composting treats human waste, to flush. They are very suitable for
and that’s where this type of areas with underdeveloped
toilets got its name from. infrastructure, environmental or
water deficiency problems.
 UPFLUSH TOILET PORTABLE TOILETS
Upflush toilets eliminate the need for These are small toilets that can
drilling holes into your bathroom floor be easily transported from one
and installing complex plumbing place to another. They are
systems. Virtually, they are fully perfect for hiking, camping,
mobile and can fit anywhere in your festivals and any other outdoor
property. activities.
WATER CLOSET
Designs
a. TWO-PIECE
WATER CLOSET
Is a commode where the tank
and the pot are separate units
that are connected.
b. ONE-PIECE
WATER CLOSET
One-piece toilet the tank or
cistern is directly connected to
the bowl, so it is one unit
c. WALL HANG
CLOSET
Is a toilet with its tank and bowl
mounted on the wall.
d. SMART WATER
CLOSET
Or intelligent water closet is an
electronic toilet that is capable of
taking care of all the toilet needs
of its buyers.
7. BIDET
A bidet is a personal hygiene
fixture that is usually matched in
style and color with, and placed
adjacent to, a toilet.
8. SHOWER
A shower is a simple plumbing
fixture that uses a nozzle to
stream hot (or cold) water over a
standing person.
PLumbing Appurtenances
 WHAT ARE
PLumbing Appurtenances
Plumbing Appurtenances means manufactured devices or
prefabricated assembly of component parts which is an adjunct
to the basic piping system and plumbing fixtures.
 WHAT ARE
PLumbing Appurtenances
It is presumed that the appurtenance performs some useful
function in the operation, maintenance, servicing, economy, or
safety of the plumbing system. Pipe appurtenance are
attachments that help in isolating and draining a pipe to
perform inspections, tests, cleaning and repairs.
Necessity of
PLUMBING APPURTENANCES
The main purpose of Appurtenances is to

Make the distribution of water easy

Avoid wastage and leakage of water

Change the direction of flow in pipe line

make the efficient use of water and regulate the flow of water
 Materials
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
· It should be strong.
· It should be durable.
· It should be economical.
· It should have resistance to corrosion.
· It should have resistance to internal pressure of water.
· It should be easy and repair
· It should not have affected by chemicals, acids etc.
 TYPES OF
PLumbing Appurtenances
1. VALVE
Valves are mechanical devices that
controls the flow and pressure within
the system or process. In water works
practice, to control the flow of water,
to regulate the pressure, to release or
to admit air, prevent flow of water in
opposite direction of valves are
required.
FUNCTIONS OF VALVE
· Stopping and starting flow
· Reduce or increase a flow
· Controlling the direction of flow
· Regulating a flow or process
pressure
· Relieve a pipe system of a certain
pressure
Types of
VALVE
a. SLUICE VALVE
Is a widely used type of valve in
plumbing systems. It includes a
wedge-shaped metal gate that can
be lowered to stop the flow of water
or raised to allow the flow to
continue.
b. CHECK VALVES
Water tends to flow from higher pressure
to lower pressure.
Main pressure is kept higher to suffice
water distribution in a house. Sometimes
mains pressure is reduced due to need
of water in firefighting. When this happen
water from house distribution tends to
flow toward the mains. To stop this
return flow towards the mains, check
valve is installed.
c. BUTTERFLY
VALVE
· It has rotating metal disc that allows
and inhibits the water flow, creating
an image similar to that of a butterfly
due to which is called a butterfly
valve.
· These valves are very compact,
light, and relatively short, making
them significantly lighter than the
other types.
d. PRESSURE
RELIEF VALVES
· Are used in the plumbing system to
reduce water pressure to the desired
limit and protect equipment or
piping systems from bursting.

· The mechanism consists of a spring

and diaphragm adjusted to a
specific limit, depending on the
pressure of the water supply.
e. ZERO VELOCITY
VALVE
· Also known as Water Hammer
Arrester.

· Protection from pressure surge or

water hammer of large diameter
long distance cross-country rising
mains / lift irrigation pipelines.
f. BALL VALVE
· Ball Valves are the most reliable and
common type of valves used to
regulate the flow of water. It involves
a rotating sphere with a hole that is
attached to a lever handle to
operate the valve. In the open
position, the hole in the sphere is in
line with the pipe, allowing the water
to flow through it.
2. MANHOLES
· A manhole or an inspection
chamber is a unit constructed
underground to provide access to
the utilities like a sewer system,
drainage system, etc.

· Hence with the help of manhole,

underground utilities are inspected,
modified, cleaned and maintained.
 Purpose
OF MANHOLES
To perform inspection and removal of obstruction in
pipeline
Manholes help to lay the sewer line in the conventional
lengths.
These have perforated cover which helps the foul
gases to escape.
Hence it is a good means of ventilation for the
underground sewage system.
3. WATER METER
Water meters measure the volume of
water used by residential and
commercial building units that are
supplied with water by a public water
supply system.
4. ANCHORAGES
· Unbalanced pressure causes longitudinal
shear stresses and exerts an enormous force
on the joint.
· This may loosen the joints, leading to leakage
failure of the pipes. To prevent this from
happening, pipes are anchored by embedding
such portions in massive concrete or masonry
blocks to absorb the side thrust. Anchoring can
prevent the longitudinal shear stresses from
pulling the pipes apart that have been align on
a steep slope.
5. INSULATION
JOINTS
· Insulating Joints are also known as
isolating/isolation joints. Their
function is to insulate the pipeline
against the flow of electric currents.

· The joints provide cathodic

protection and thus keep electrolysis
in check.
PLumbing Appliances
 WHAT ARE
PLumbing Appliances
Plumbing appliance water or drain-connected devices intended to
perform a special function. These devices have their operation or
control dependent on one or more energized components, such as
motors, controls or heating elements. Such devices are manually
adjusted or controlled by the owner or operator, or are operated
automatically through one or more of the following actions: a time
cycle, a temperature range, a pressure range, a measured volume or
weight.
1. DISHWASHER
A machine that is used to clean
dishware, cookware, and cutlery
automatically. Unlike manual
dishwashing, which relies heavily on
physical scrubbing to remove soiling,
the mechanical dishwasher cleans by
spraying hot water, typically between
45 and 75 °C (110 and 170 °F), at the
dishes, with lower temperatures of
water used for delicate items.
2. WASHING
MACHINE
A machine used to wash the various
types of clothes without applying any
physical efforts
 WASHER BOX
A washing machine box is
used to provide hot water, cold
water, and a drain connection
in one central location. Most
codes also require that the
smallest size water supply that
can be installed serving a
washing machine is 1/2”
(5/8”OD).
3. WATER
HEATER
Hot water heaters are appliances
used to heat water and to keep it at a
more or less constant elevated
temperature use to shower, wash your
hands, cook and clean.. Just as
importantly, they are also used for the
purposes of having a steady and
continual supply of water.
 Summarizing
the report
Plumbing may be defined as the practice used in installing, maintaining, and
altering piping, fixtures, appliances, and appurtenances in connection with a
public or private water supply systems.
Plumbing Fixtures includes all installed receptacles or devices that is supplied
with water and discharges such liquid wastes into the drainage system.
Plumbing Appurtenance means a manufactured device or prefabricated
assembly of component parts which is an adjunct to the basic piping system and
plumbing fixtures.
Plumbing Appliances are water or drain-connected devices intended to
perform a special function.
Reporters

PALON, KRI STI NE JOY M. presbi tero, justi nne c.