PHYSICAL EDUCATION

UNIT -4

Physical Education & Sports for CWSN

Unit Contents:-

4.1 Concept of Disability & Disorder

4.2 Types of Disability, its causes &

nature (cognitive disability, intellectual
disability, physical disability)

4.3 Types of Disorder, its cause &

nature (ADHD, SPD, ASD, ODD, OCD)

4.4 Disability Etiquettes

4.5 Advantage of Physical Activities for

children with special needs
4.6 Strategies to make Physical
Activities assessable for children with
special need.
4.1 Concept of Disability & Disorder
Concept of Disability:
Disability is an impairment that may be
cognitive, developmental, intellectual, mental,
physical etc.

It affects the everyday activities of the

individual to a considerable amount. It may
be present in an individual from birth or
occur during one’s lifetime.

Disability has different meanings in different

societies of the world. Disability is an injury
that restricts the functions or movements of
an individual.

Disability is a medical condition which does

not permit an individual to perform any
activity or movement in a normal way.

Disability :- Any disadvantage due to which

an individual is not able to perform the
activities of normal human life is known as
disability.

Disorder :- Any disruption due to which an

individual is not able to perform his daily
human activities is known as disorder.
4.2 Types of disability

1.Cognitive Disability:

It is a neurological disorder that creates

hindrances or obstruction for an individual
to store, process and produce information.
This ability can affect an individual’s ability
to read, compute, speak and write.
The individual’s, who have this type of
disability, usually have following symptoms:
i) Memory disorder :- An individual who has
auditory problems or difficulty in
remembering something that he heard, said
or saw before sometime.

ii) Hyperactivity:- An individual with cognitive

disability may not have attention for along
period. He finds it difficult to stay at one
place.

iii) Dyslexia:- An individual with cognitive

disability may exhibit dyslexia. It means he
may have difficulty in writing, reading,
speaking, etc.

2. Intellectual disability:
It is a disability characterized by significant
limitations both in intellectual functioning
(reasoning, learning, problem solving) and in
adaptive behavior, which covers a range of
everyday social and practical skills. Indeed, this
disability is related to the individual’s thought
process, communication, money, learning,
problem solving and judgment.

3.Physical disability :
It is a limitation on individual’s physical
functioning, mobility, dexterity or stamina. Other
impairments such as respiratory disorders,
blindness, epilepsy and sleep disorders, which limit
other facets of daily living are also included in
physical disabilities.
Physical disability may either be motor deficiency
or sensory impairment.

Causes of disability

a) Genetic cause:- Abnormalities in genes and genetic

inheritance cause intellectual disability in children.
Sometimes, diseases, illness and over exposure
to x-rays may cause genetic disorder.

b) Mental health problems :- Problems such

as depression, bipolar disorder etc. may lead to disability. They
tend to be some of the most misunderstood disabilities

c) Accidents :- Accidents may occur anywhere,

anytime and to anyone. These accidents may happen at
workplace, on the roads or in the air. These
accidents may lead to disability.

4.3 Types of disorders:-

a) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
b) Sensory processing disorder (SPD)
c) Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
d) Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)
e) Obsessive compulsive disorder (OSD)

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

(ADHD):-
It is a group of behavioral symptoms
that include inattentiveness, hyperactivity and
impulsiveness. It is medical conditions that
affects how well can someone sit still, focus and
pay attention. The individual with ADHD
have some problems focusing in some activities.
This type of disorder is found more common
in boys than in girls.

Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) :-

It is a condition in which the brain has
difficulty in receiving and responding to the
information that comes in through senses. It
refers to the way the nervous system receives
messages from the senses and then turns
them into proper motor and behavioral
responses.
Sensory Processing Disorder may affect one
sense such as touch, sight, taste or movement.
It may also affect multiple senses. In fact, the
person may scream when touched or may
vomit or dive under the table after hearing the
sound of a leaf blower outside the window.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) :-

It is characterized by social interaction
difficulties, communication challenges and a
tendency to engage in repetitive behavior.
It is a neurological and developmental disorder
in which have difficulty with communication,
language, social skill and behavior.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD):-
It is a set or group of behavioral disorders
called disruptive behavior disorders. It is called
by this name because children with such
disorders always tend to disrupt those around
them. Physicians define this disorder as a pattern of
disobedient, hostile and defiant behavior
directed toward authority figures.
The individuals affected by this disorder usually
rebel, argue with adults, refuse to obey and
are obstinate.
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
(OCD):
It is a mental health disorder that affects
people of all ages and walks of life. It occurs
when an individual gets caught in a cycle of
obsessions and compulsions. It can be said
that persons with OCD are plagued to constant
thoughts of fears that cause them to perform
rituals or routines.
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder is a type of
mental disorder that causes repeated unwanted
thoughts. To get rid of unwanted thoughts,
he/she performs the same task/activity again
and again.
4.4 Disability Etiquettes :
When talking with a person with a disability, speak
directly to that person rather than through a
companion or sign language interpreter.
When introduced to a person with a disability, it
is appropriate to offer to shake hands. People with
limited hand use or who wear an artificial limb can
usually shake hands. (Shaking hands with the left
hand is an acceptable greeting.)


When meeting a person who is visually
impaired, always identify yourself and others
who may be with you. When conversing in a
group, remember to identify the person to
whom you are speaking.

If you offer assistance, wait until the offer is

accepted. Then listen to or ask for instructions.

Treat adults as adults. Address people who have

disabilities by their first name sonly when extending
the same familiarity to all others. (Never patronize
people who use wheelchairs by patting them on the
head or shoulder.)
Leaning on or hanging on to a person’s
wheelchair is similar to leaning on hanging on to a
person and is generally considered annoying. The
chair is part of the personal body space of the
person who uses it.

Listen attentively when you’re talking with a

person who has difficulty speaking. Be patient and
wait for the person to finish, rather than correcting
or speaking for the person. If necessary, ask short
questions that require short answers, a nod or
shake of the head. Never pretend to understand if
you are having difficulty doing so. Instead, repeat
what you have understood and allow the person to
respond. The response will clue you in and guide
your understanding.

When speaking with a person who uses a

wheelchair or a person who uses crutches, place
yourself at eye level in front of the person to
facilitate the conversation.

To get the attention of a person who is deaf, tap

the person on the shoulder or wave your hand.
Look directly at the person and speak clearly,
slowly, and expressively to determine if the person
can read your lips. Not all people who are deaf can
read lips.

For those who do lip read, be sensitive to their

needs by placing yourself so that you face the light
source and keep hands, cigarettes and food away
from your mouth when speaking.

Relax. Don’t be embarrassed if you happen to use

accepted, common expressions such as “See you
later,” or “Did you hear about that?” that seems to
relate to a person’s disability. Don’t be afraid to ask
questions when you’re unsure of what to do.

4.6 Strategies to make physical

activities accessible for children with
special needs
a) Medical check-up :
if we want to make physical activities accessible for the children
with special needs, we need to understand the type of
disabilities of children and for this purpose complete
medical check-up of the children is required.
Because without complete medical check-up, the
teachers of physical education cannot come toknow about the
type of disability child is facing.

b) Activities based on interests :

Physical activities must
be based on interest, aptitudes, abilities, previous
experience and limitations of children with special needs.
The teachers of physical education should have deep
knowledge of limitations, interest and aptitudes of children.

c) Different instructional strategies :

A variety of different instructional strategies such as verbal,
visual and peer teaching should be used for performing various
types of physical activities. By this children get opportunity to
learn by their own and become independent.

d) Modification of rules :
Rules can be modified according to the needs of the children.
They can be provided extra time or attempt to perform a
physical activity.
e) Specific environment :
For special needs children the area should be limited. In case
of children who have autism, they must be provided
specific area because they may need some time to
relax.

Q.1. SPD’s expended form is

1. Special poilce department
2. Special processing Disorder
3. Sensory processing Disorder.
4. Sensory processing department

Q.2. Repeated Action are called

1. ADHD
2. ODD.
3. OCD
4. ASD

Q.3. Child is not able to adjust within

society is suffering from
1. ADHD.
2. ASD
3. ODD
4. OCD

Q.4. Expended from of ADHD

1. Automatic deficit hyper discorder
2. Attention deficit hyper activity disorder.
3. Attention disorder of hypoactive defict
4. Automatic disability high defect
Q.5. ASD is --------
1. Autism spectrum Disorder.
2. Austism special disability
3. Automatic special disorder
4. Austism seusory disorder

Q.6. Disorder are not caused by ----

1. Heredity
2. Environment
3. Less Brain development
4. Balanced food.

Q.7. Expended form of ODD is

1. Opposite different disorder
2. Oppositional deficient disorder.
3. Opposite different disability
4. Obessive defect disability

Q.8. Expended form of OCD is

1. Opposite compulsive defect
2. Obsessive compulsive disability
3. Obsessive compulsive disorder.
4. Opposite compare disorder

Q.9. Name the teacher who is specially

trained to work with CWSN....
(a) Physical education teacher
(b) Physiotherapist
(c) Principal
(d) Special educator.