11/12

DRRR
Quarter 1 – Module 1
Concept of Disaster
DRRR– Grade 11/12
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Concept of Disaster

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Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Divine Soneja

Editors: Jose Roy S. Aguilar

Ma. Claudette C. Borrega
Jezrahel T. Omadto

Reviewers: Jezrahel T. Omadto

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Imee S. Gabion
Hazel Grace T. Vargas

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Layout Artist: Divine Soneja

Explain the Meaning of Disaster
DRR11/12-Ia-b-1
 Supplementary Learning Module for Senior High School Learners

LESSON
Concept of Disaster

Living in this world where anything can

happen anytime is terrifying. We cannot deny the
fact that the civilization we have right now is shaped
by countless disasters. Even we, have encountered
it ourselves, and how we react to them can have a
great impact in our life.
In this module, you will learn important concept about disaster.

At the end of the module you should be able to:

 Explain the meaning of disaster

Directions: Identify what is asked or described in

each item. Write the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following is NOT a type of natural hazard?

A. tornado C. car accident
B. hurricane D. earthquakes

2. Which of the following statements about natural hazards is NOT TRUE?

A. Hazards become disasters when they harm many people.
B. Some hazards can be predicted, but usually can’t be stopped.
C. Hazards are natural processes that harm people on a regular basis.
D. Hazards are natural processes that can be dangerous, but
have not yet caused damage.
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 3. A natural disaster occurs when a natural hazard ….
A. impacts everyday life for humans.
B. poses a danger to any part of the earth.
C. changes the physical features of the earth.
D. causes major damage and harms humans.

4. An event that produces greater loss than a community can handle,

including casualties, property damage, and significant environmental
damage is called ….
A. facility C. disaster
B. mitigation D. resource

5. An inherent weakness in a system or its operating environment that may

be exploited to cause harm to the system is called ….
A. risk C. hazard
B. vulnerability D. response

NEWSPAPER HEADLINES

Directions: Create a catchy and interesting

headline about the content or the topic. Be sure
that the headline is NOT misleading. Choose one
topic from the four boxes
below. Write a truthful news article about the headlines after
researching, reading and analyzing the topic of your choice. Use the
1991 Eruption of Mount Pinatubo

1996 Ozone Disco Fire

Super Typhoon Yolanda

Coronavirus Disease 2019

template that follows.

Write the headline on top and the article below.

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3
 Directions:
Answer the following questions by analyzing each

The Philippine Star. Photos courtesy

of Eunice Magat.
pic.twitter.com/hD1kReigdG -
https://mobile.twitter.com/PhilippineStar/sta
Volcanic Eruption tu s/1216300782808514560/photo/I

How to Prepare for, Respond to, and Measure a

Crisis -
http://painepublishing.com/measurementadviso
r/wp- content/uploads/sites/4/2016/04/crisis-
flood.jpg
Organizational Response to the July
Did post-Haiyan disaster relief boost 1990 Luzon Earthquake Disaster -
fishing pressure? - http://earthquake.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/199
https://physicsworld.com/wp- 0
content/uploads/2019/07/Haiyan_Nov_7_ LuzonEQ_Monograph/pp239/pp239_240.ht
201 3_1345Z_Borderless.png

1. What do the following pictures in SET A have in common?

Battle of Marawi – Fernandez, Paolo. Guimaras Oil

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Spill (www.emaze)
File: https://www.emaze.com/%40ALOF
Bombing_on_Marawi_City.jpg WQ
QF&ved=2ahUKEwihkdaSj8LqAhWxy
10 Worst Man Made Disaster of Nuclear Explosion
All Time by Glitzyworld Staff https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oper
- atio n_Upshot-Knothole_-
https://www.glitzyworld.com/ _Badger_001.jpg
wp-
content/uploads/2016/11/BHo
2. What do the following pictures in SET B have in common?

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3. Are the effects of the pictures in Sets A and B similar? What are this
effects? Can the photos in sets A and B be considered as disasters?

4. What is the difference between Sets A and B photos in terms of what caused them?

Disaster
Disaster is often used and related to an undesirable event or a bad
experience. It is common to hear “What a disaster!” from someone who is facing a
difficult situation. What really is a disaster and how is it related to hazard and
vulnerability.
Mistakenly, we call storms, floods, earthquakes, explosions, pandemics,
and many more as disasters, but they really are just events called “hazards” that
can be categorized as to natural or man-made.

In technical settings, hazards

What is hazard? are described quantitatively by
the likely frequency of
A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human occurrence of different
activity or condition that may cause loss of life, intensities for different areas,
injury or other negative health impacts, property as determined from historical
damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and data or scientific analysis.
economic disruption, or environmental damage.
There are many aspects of
vulnerability, arising from various physical,
What is vulnerability? social, economic, and environmental factors.
The characteristics and Examples may include poor design and
circumstances of a community, system construction of buildings, inadequate
or asset that make it susceptible (easily protection of assets, lack of public
affected by) to the damaging effects of information and awareness, limited official
a hazard. recognition of risks and preparedness
measures, and disregard for wise
environmental management.
If the hazard is present but have not yet interacted with the vulnerable entities like
people or structure, the damage and losses that will probably happen are called risk,
meaning a disaster haven’t occurred yet, still they are being foreseen already.

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What is risk?
The probability of harmful consequences, or expected loss of lives, people
injured, livelihoods, disruption of economic activities and damages to the
environment as a result of interactions between natural or human induced
hazards and vulnerable/ capable conditions.
How does a hazard become a disaster?
Extreme natural events (hazards) do not necessarily turn into disasters.
The World Risk Report shows that the disaster risk is always made up of two
components: exposure to natural hazards and climate change, and social

Weakness in
the system that
makes the
impact of the
disaster
greater.

vulnerability.

Relationship between hazard, disaster, and vulnerability

(a) No hazard or disaster

Human activities and

physical processes do not
interact and there is no
hazard or disaster (e.g. a
volcanic eruption on a
remote unpopulated island,
or a landslide in an
unsettled area).

(b)Disaster

If the geophysical hazard and

human activity are closer together,
a disaster can result.
The more severe the geophysical
event and/or the more vulnerable
the human population, the more the
two overlap and the larger the
disaster.

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 Disasters are often described as a
What is disaster? result of the combination of: the exposure to
A serious disruption of the a hazard; the conditions of vulnerability
functioning of a community or a society that are present; and insufficient capacity
involving widespread human, material, or measures to reduce or cope with the
economic or environmental losses and potential negative consequences. Disaster
impacts, which exceeds the ability of impacts may include loss of life, injury,
the affected community or society to disease and other negative effects on
cope using its own resources. human physical, mental and social well-
being, together with damage to
property, destruction of assets, loss of
services, social and economic disruption and

The following definitions of hazard, vulnerability, and disaster are as

defined by the United Nations Office for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR)

Directions: Use the picture on the left to identify which is the hazard, and which is the
vulnerability. Write your answer on the space provided.

1. The hazard is/are

.

2. The vulnerability is/are

.

3. S
ince the hazard and the vulnerability have not
interacted yet this can be considered as a

4. In the event where the hazard had

already hit the exposed vulnerability it is
said to have generated

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.

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 Congratulations on finishing the
supplementary learning module! You have just
had an amazing learning journey and for sure,
you will also do the same in the
succeeding modules.
This time, share your thoughts/feelings about a certain event that
happened to you and your family that you considered to have had an
effect on you as a person, by completing the following sentence.

I remembered when .
.

1. Watch this video about disaster.

https://m.youtube.com/channel/UC8gnIsed8PJInwURyacjzzA

Directions: Explain your opinions, views,

perspective as to why should the coronavirus 2019
be considered a disaster.

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The following terms used in this module are defined as follows:
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)- is an infectious disease caused by severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a new strain of virus
first detected in Wuhan, China in 2019.
Disaster- natural or man-made emergencies that cannot be handled by affected
communities who experience severe danger and incur loss of lives and
properties causing disruption in its social structure and prevention of the
fulfillment of all or some of the affected community’s essential functions.
Disaster Impact- actual hazard event or its immediate consequences requiring
extraordinary response.
Geophysical- deals with the physics of the Earth, including weather, winds, tides,
earthquakes, volcanoes, etc. and their effect on the planet Earth.
Hazard- any phenomenon that has the potential to cause disruption or damage to
humans and their environment. Or an event or occurrence that has the potential
for causing injury to life, property and environment.
Man-made hazard- hazard caused by human action or inaction.

Natural hazard- elements of the physical environment, harmful to man and

caused by forces extraneous to him; is an extreme event that occurs naturally
and causes harm to humans.
Pandemics- a disease outbreak that spreads across countries or continents.

Risk- the expected number of lives lost, persons injured, damage to property and
disruption of economic activity due to natural phenomenon, and consequently
the product of specific risk and elements at risk.
Susceptible- easily affected, influenced, or harmed by something.

Vulnerability- factors of the community that allow a hazard to cause a disaster.

Or the result of several factors that increase the chances of a community being
unable to cope with an emergency.

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TRY THIS
1. C
2. C
3. D
4. C
5. B
DO THIS

It will be checked using the following criteria

15% style of writing

25% coherence of idea

50% important information are included
10% input of own opinion on the topic selected

EXPLORE
1. All of them are naturally occurring in the environment.
2. They happened due to the action of man, some intended while other
happened due to undesirable activities.
3. They all caused great fear, and destroys a lot of materials, and even result to
casualties, among others, thus they can be considered as disaster.
4. Set A falls under the category of natural hazards while Set B falls under the
category of man-made hazards.

APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

1. The big boulders of rocks on top of the mountain.

2. School employees and students, location of the school, building
conditions, warning signals
3. risk
4. disaster

ASSESS WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

Coronavirus 2019 a Disaster
 If you are going to consider the way that the CoViD-19 has
affected everybody from over all the world, it was very
evident to every sector of the society, how the government

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seeks help from the international

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 sectors, and mostly how our life was turned upside-down
especially when the pandemic was just starting and everything
scared to death.
 Covid-19 may be considered as a disaster, the current
pandemic consists of a series of calamitous events, resulting in
the death and harm of many people and causing great human
suffering and distress, thereby resulting in serious disruption of
the societies' functioning, with the cancellation of gatherings,
closure of non-essential businesses, shift to online education,
and curfew measures.
 When analyzing a potential disaster, the emphasis
is on the consequence, but not on the
characterization of an event.

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Books
Pareῆa, J. (2016). Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction. 927 Quezon Avenue,
Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

Website
Lagundino, Diana Jane. “Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk.” June 11,
2018. https://www.scribd.com/presentation/381502394/1-Module-1-Basic-Concept-
of-Disaster-and- Disaster-Risk
Sharma, Tanvi. “Top 10 Most Severe Man Made Disasters of all Time.”
September 8, 2013. http://listcrown.com/10-most-severe-man-made-disasters/
Tumblr.com “The Bhopal Disaster --- The Worst Industrial Accident in History.”
Posted May 12, 2019. https://www.tumblr.com/tagged/bhopal+disaster
Paine, Katie. “How to Prepare for, Respond to, and Measure a Crisis.” April 6,
2016.
http://painepublishing.com/measurementadvisor/wp-content/uploads/sites/
4/2016/04/crisis- flood.jpg
Ravilious, Kate. Physicsworld.2019. “Did post-Haiyan disaster relief boost fishing
pressure?.” July 15, 2019. https://physicsworld.com/a/did-post-haiyan-disaster-
relief-boost-fishing- pressure
Wikipedia. “Battle of Marawi.”
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Marawi NBC News. “Philippines
to get more help with oil spill.” August 28, 2006.
https://www.nbcnews.com/id/14555501/ns/world_news-world_environment/t/philippines-
get-
more-help-oil-spill/

Glitzyworld. 2019. “10 Worst Man Made Disaster of All Time.” -

https://www.glitzyworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/BHopal-Gas-
Tragedy.jpg
“Operation Upshot – Knothole nuclear test series.” April18, 1953.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Operation_Upshot-Knothole_-_Badger_001.jpg

YouTube
LearnFatafat. 2020. “Disaster Management/ Disaster Types and Effects.”
February 6, 2020. 4:30 minutes.
https://m.youtube.com/channel/UC8gnIsed8PJInwURyacjzzA

Teaching Guide for Senior High School

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Commission on Higher Education in collaboration with the Philippine Normal
University. 2016. Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction. C.P. Garcia Ave.,
Diliman, Quezon City: Commission on Higher Education,

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