Scribd
Upload
8 views25 pages

GIT4..pptx

The small intestine is a crucial part of the gastrointestinal tract, responsible for the absorption of digested food, and consists of three sections: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. It features villi and microvilli that increase surface area for absorption, and secretes succus entericus, which contains enzymes for digestion and protective mucus. The secretion of intestinal juices is regulated by both nervous and hormonal mechanisms to facilitate digestion and absorption of nutrients.

Uploaded by

rajputvijay22004
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
8 views25 pages

GIT4..pptx

The small intestine is a crucial part of the gastrointestinal tract, responsible for the absorption of digested food, and consists of three sections: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. It features villi and microvilli that increase surface area for absorption, and secretes succus entericus, which contains enzymes for digestion and protective mucus. The secretion of intestinal juices is regulated by both nervous and hormonal mechanisms to facilitate digestion and absorption of nutrients.

Uploaded by

rajputvijay22004
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 25

Dr.

Vaibhav Bhadane
M.D.(Ayu)
Professor
Department Of Sharira Kriya

Nootan Ayurvedic College & Research


Centre
Small Intestine

⚫ FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY
Small intestine is the part of gastrointestinal (GI)
tract, extending between the pyloric sphincter of
stomach and ileocecal valve, which opens into large
intestine.

⚫ It is called small intestine because of its small


diameter, compared to that of the large intestine.

⚫ But it is longer than large intestine.

⚫ Its length is about 6 meter.


⚫ Important function of small intestine is
absorption.

⚫ Maximum absorption of digested food products


takes place in small intestine.

⚫ Small intestine consists of three portions:


1. Proximal part known as duodenum
2. Middle part known as jejunum
3. Distal part known as ileum.

⚫ Wall of the small intestine has all the four layers


as in stomach
INTESTINAL VILLI
⚫ Mucous membrane of small intestine is covered by minute
projections called villi.
⚫ The height of villi is about 1 mm and the diameter is less
than 1 mm.
⚫ Villi are lined by columnar cells, which are called
enterocytes.
⚫ Each enterocyte gives rise to hair-like projections called
microvilli.
⚫ Villi and microvilli increase the surface area of mucous
membrane by many folds.
⚫ Within each villus, there is a central channel called lacteal,
which opens into lymphatic vessels. It contains blood vessels
also.
INTESTINAL GLANDS:

⚫ Intestinal glands are simple tubular glands of


intestine.

⚫ Intestinal glands do not penetrate the muscularis


mucosa of the intestinal wall,

⚫ but open into the lumen of intestine between the


villi.

⚫ Intestinal glands are lined by columnar cells.


Lining of each gland is continuous with epithelial
lining of the villi.
Types of cells : intestinal glands

⚫ 1. Argentaffin cells or enterochromaffin


cells, which secrete intrinsic factor of
Castle

⚫ 2. Goblet cells, which secrete mucus

⚫ 3. Paneth cells, which secrete the cytokines


called defensins.
BRUNNER GLANDS
⚫ In addition to intestinal glands, the first part of
duodenum contains some mucus glands, which
are called Brunner glands.

⚫ These glands penetrate muscularis mucosa and


extend up to the submucus coat of the intestinal
wall.

⚫ Brunner glands open into the lumen of intestine


directly.

⚫ Brunner gland secretes mucus and traces of


enzymes
PROPERTIES OF SUCCUS
ENTERICUS
⚫ Secretion from small intestine is called
succus entericus.

⚫ Volume : 1800 mL/day


⚫ Reaction : Alkaline
⚫ pH : 8.3
COMPOSITION OF SUCCUS
ENTERICUS
⚫ Succus entericus contains water (99.5%)
and solids (0.5%).

⚫ Solids include organic and inorganic


substances .

⚫ Bicarbonate concentration is slightly high in


succus entericus.
FUNCTIONS OF SUCCUS
ENTERICUS
⚫ 1. DIGESTIVE FUNCTION
⚫ Enzymes of succus entericus act on the
partially digested food and convert them
into final digestive products.
⚫ Enzymes are produced and released into
succus entericus by enterocytes of the villi.
⚫ Proteolytic Enzymes
⚫ Amylolytic Enzymes
⚫ Lipolytic Enzyme
2. PROTECTIVE FUNCTION
⚫ i. Mucus present in the succus entericus
protects the intestinal wall from the acid
chyme, which enters the intestine from
stomach; thereby it prevents the
intestinal ulcer.
⚫
⚫ ii. Defensins secreted by paneth cells of
intestinal glands are the antimicrobial
peptides.
⚫ 3. ACTIVATOR FUNCTION
Enterokinase present in intestinal juice
activates trypsinogen into trypsin.
Trypsin, in turn activates other enzymes.
⚫ 4. HEMOPOIETIC FUNCTION
Intrinsic factor of Castle present in the
intestine plays an important role in
erythropoiesis . It is necessary for the
absorption of vitamin B12.

⚫ 5. HYDROLYTIC PROCESS
⚫ Intestinal juice helps in all the enzymatic
reactions of digestion.
⚫„
FUNCTIONS OF SMALL
INTESTINE
⚫ 1. MECHANICAL FUNCTION
⚫ Mixing movements of small intestine help in
the thorough mixing of chyme with the
digestive juices like succus entericus,
pancreatic juice and bile.

⚫ 2. SECRETORY FUNCTION
⚫ Small intestine secretes succus entericus,
enterokinase and the GI hormones
3. HORMONAL FUNCTION
⚫ Small intestine secretes many GI hormones such
as secretin, cholecystokinin, etc.

⚫ These hormones regulate the movement of GI


tract and secretory activities of small intestine and
pancreas

4. DIGESTIVE FUNCTION
5. ACTIVATOR FUNCTION
6. HEMOPOIETIC FUNCTION
7. HYDROLYTIC FUNCTION
8. ABSORPTIVE FUNCTIONS
⚫ Presence of villi and microvilli in small intestinal
mucosa, increases the surface area of mucosa.
This facilitates the absorptive function of
intestine.

⚫ Digested products of foodstuffs, proteins,


carbohydrates, fats and other nutritive substances
such as vitamins, minerals and water are absorbed
mostly in small intestine.

⚫ From the lumen of intestine, these substances


pass through lacteal of villi, cross the mucosa and
enter the blood directly or through lymphatics
⚫ Absorption of Carbohydrates,
Absorption of Proteins,
⚫ Absorption of Fats
⚫ Absorption of Water and Minerals
⚫ Absorption of Vitamins
Most of the vitamins are absorbed in
upper part of small intestine and vitamin
B12 is absorbed in ileum.
⚫ REGULATION OF SECRETION OF
SUCCUS ENTERICUS

Secretion of succus entericus is regulated


by both nervous and hormonal
mechanisms.
NERVOUS REGULATION
⚫ Stimulation of parasympathetic nerves
causes vasodilatation and increases the
secretion of succus entericus.

⚫ Stimulation of sympathetic nerves causes


vasoconstriction and decreases the
secretion of succus entericus.
⚫ HORMONAL REGULATION
⚫ When chyme enters the small intestine,
intestinal mucosa secretes enterocrinin,
secretin and cholecystokinin, which
promote the secretion of succus
entericus by stimulating the intestinal
glands.
⚫ THANK YOU

⚫ To be continued…

You might also like