Assignment Problems

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01 The loads on a power plant with respect to time for 24 hours are given as follows:

(a) Draw the load curve and estimate the load factor of the plant. (b) calculate capacity
factor if the maximum plant capacity is 100 MW. (c) Calculate use factor, and (d) reserve
factor.
02 Consider a 210-MW steam power plant that operates on a simple ideal Rankine cycle.
Steam enters the turbine at 10 MPa and 550℃ and is cooled in the condenser at a pressure
of 30 kPa. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to saturation lines, and determine
(a) the quality of the steam at the turbine exit, (b) the thermal efficiency of the cycle, and
(c) the mass flow rate of the steam.
03 A steady-flow Carnot cycle uses water as the working fluid. Water changes from saturated
liquid to saturated vapor as heat is transferred to it from a source at 230℃. Heat rejection
takes place at a pressure of 15 kPa. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram relative to the
saturation lines, and determine (a) the thermal efficiency, (b) the amount of heat rejected,
and (c) the net work output.
04 Consider a steady-flow Carnot cycle with water as the working fluid. The maximum and
minimum temperatures in the cycle are 380℃ and 45℃. The quality of water is 0.891 at the
beginning of the heat-rejection process and 0.1 at the end. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram
relative to the saturation lines, and determine (a) the thermal efficiency, (b) the pressure at
the turbine inlet, and (c) the net work output.
05 Consider a steam power plant that operates on a reheat Rankine cycle and has a net power
output of 70 MW. Steam enters the high-pressure turbine at 10 MPa and 500℃
and the low-pressure turbine at 1 MPa and 500℃. Steam leaves the condenser as a
saturated liquid at a pressure of 10 kPa. The isentropic efficiency of the turbine is 88
percent, and that of the pump is 92 percent. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect
to saturation lines, and determine (a) the quality (or temperature, if superheated) of the
 steam at the turbine exit, (b) the thermal efficiency of the cycle, and (c) the mass flow rate
of the steam.
06 Steam enters the high-pressure turbine of a steam power plant that operates on the ideal
reheat Rankine cycle at 800 psia and 900℉ and leaves as saturated vapor. Steam is then
reheated to 800℉ before it expands to a pressure of 1 psia. Heat is transferred to the steam
in the boiler at a rate of 6x104 Btu/s. Steam is cooled in the condenser by the cooling water
from a nearby river, which enters the condenser at 45℉. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram
with respect to saturation lines, and determine (a) the pressure at which reheating takes
place, (b) the net power output and thermal efficiency, and (c) the minimum mass flow rate
of the cooling water required.
07 Consider an ideal steam regenerative Rankine cycle with two feedwater heaters, one
closed and one open. Steam enters the turbine at 10 MPa and 600℃ and exhausts to the
condenser at 10 kPa. Steam is extracted from the turbine at 1.2 MPa for the closed
feedwater heater and at 0.6 MPa for the open one. The feedwater is heated to the
condensation temperature of the extracted steam in the closed feedwater heater. The
extracted steam leaves the closed feedwater heater as a saturated liquid, which is
subsequently throttled to the open feedwater heater. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram with
respect to saturation lines, and determine (a) the mass flow rate of steam through the boiler
for a net power output of 400 MW and (b) the thermal efficiency of the cycle.

08 A steam power plant operates on an ideal reheat– regenerative Rankine cycle with one
reheater and two feedwater heaters, one open and one closed. Steam enters the high-
 pressure turbine at 15 MPa and 600℃ and the low-pressure turbine at 1 MPa and 500℃.
The condenser pressure is 5 kPa. Steam is extracted from the turbine at 0.6 MPa for the
closed feedwater heater and at 0.2 MPa for the open feedwater heater. In the closed
feedwater heater, the feedwater is heated to the condensation temperature of the extracted
steam. The extracted steam leaves the closed feedwater heater as a saturated liquid, which
is subsequently throttled to the open feedwater heater. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram
with respect to saturation lines. Determine (a) the fraction of steam extracted from the
turbine for the open feedwater heater, (b) the thermal efficiency of the cycle, and (c) the
net power output for a mass flow rate of 42 kg/s through the boiler.
09 A gas-turbine power plant operates on the simple Brayton cycle between the pressure limits
of 100 and 1600 kPa. The working fluid is air, which enters the compressor at 40℃ at a
rate of 850 m3/min and leaves the turbine at 650℃. Using variable specific heats for air and
assuming a compressor isentropic efficiency of 85 percent and a turbine isentropic
efficiency of 88 percent, determine (a) the net power output, (b) the back work ratio, and
(c) the thermal efficiency.
10 The steam used by the turbine is 5.4 kg/kWh at a pressure of 50 bar and a temperature of
350°C. The efficiency of boiler is 82 per cent with feed water at 150°C. (i) How many kg of
28100 kJ coal are required/kWh? (ii) If the cost of coal/tonne is Rs. 500, what is fuel
cost/kWh?