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Homework01_sp25

The document contains a series of probability and statistics questions related to various scenarios, including bias claims among workers, inspection probabilities in manufacturing, household income and car ownership, textbook publishing outcomes, bacteria cell replication, clinical trial demographics, student grade distributions, password generation probabilities, contamination levels in lab specimens, and analysis of copper wire strands. Each question requires the application of probability concepts to derive specific outcomes based on given data. The document serves as a homework assignment with a deadline of November 2, 2025.

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phamkimchi0215
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6 views

Homework01_sp25

The document contains a series of probability and statistics questions related to various scenarios, including bias claims among workers, inspection probabilities in manufacturing, household income and car ownership, textbook publishing outcomes, bacteria cell replication, clinical trial demographics, student grade distributions, password generation probabilities, contamination levels in lab specimens, and analysis of copper wire strands. Each question requires the application of probability concepts to derive specific outcomes based on given data. The document serves as a homework assignment with a deadline of November 2, 2025.

Uploaded by

phamkimchi0215
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Homework 01

Deadline is 11/02/2025

Q1. Are whites more likely to claim bias? It was found that 60% of the workers were
white, 30% were black and 10% are other races. Given that a worker was white, the
probability that the worker had claimed bias was 30%. Given that a worker was black,
the probability that the worker had claimed bias was 40%. Given that a worker was
other race, the probability that the worker had claimed bias was 0%. If a randomly
selected worker had claimed bias, what is the probability that the worker is white?
Q2. An inspector working for a manufacturing company has a 99% chance of correctly
identifying defective items and a 0.5% chance of incorrectly classifying a good item
as defective. The company has evidence that its line produces 0.9% of nonconforming
items.
a) What is the probability that an item selected for inspection is classified as defective?
b) If an item selected at random is classified as nondefective, what is the probability
that it is indeed good?
Q3. According to a survey of American households, the probability that the residents
own 3 cars if annual household income is over $25,500 is 83%. Of the households sur-
veyed, 62% had incomes over $25,500 and 84% had 3 cars. What is the probability that
annual household income is over $25,500 if the residents of a household own 3 cars?
Q4. The editor of a textbook publishing company is trying to decide whether to publish
a proposed business statistics textbook. Information on previous textbooks published
indicates that 10% are huge successes, 20% are modest successes, 40% break-even, and
30% are losers. However, before a publishing decision is made, the book will be re-
viewed. In the past, 99% of the huge successes received favorable reviews, 70% of the
moderate suc- cesses received favorable reviews, 40% of the break-even books received
favorable reviews, and 20% of the losers received favor- able reviews.
a. What proportion of textbooks receive favorable reviews?
b. If the proposed textbook receives a favorable review, how should the editor revise
the probabilities of the various outcomes to take this information into account?
Q5. A batch contains 36 bacteria cells, in which 12 are not capable of cellular replica-
tion. Suppose you examine 7 bacteria cells selected at random, without replacement.
What is the probability that exactly 3 of them are not capable of cellular replication?
Q6. A group of volunteers for a clinical trial consists of 123 women and 178 men. 54

1
of the women and 46 of the men have high blood pressure. If one of the volunteers is
selected at random find the probability that the person is a man given that they have
high blood pressure.
Q7. A class in advanced physicsis comprised of 10 juniors, 30 seniors, and 10 graduate
students. The final grades show that 3 of the juniors, 10 of the seniors, and 5 of the
graduate students received an A for the course. If a student is chosen at random from
this class and is found to have earned an A, what is the probability that he or she is a
senior?
Q8. A computer system uses passwords that are six characters and each character is
one of the 26 letters (a–z) or 10 integers (0–9). Uppercase letters are not used. Let A
denote the event that a password begins with a vowel (either a, e, i, o, or u) and let
Bdenote the event that a password ends with an even number (either 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8).
Suppose a hacker selects a password at random. Determine the following probabilities:
a) P (A) b) P (B)
c) P (A ∩ B) d) P (A ∪ B)
Q9. The probability that a lab specimen contains high levels of contamination is 0.10.
Five samples are checked, and the samples are independent.
a) What is the probability that none contains high levels of contamination?
b) What is the probability that exactly one contains high levels of contamination?
c) What is the probability that at least one contains high levels of contamination?
Q10. Strands of copper wire from a manufacturer are analyzed for strength and con-
ductivity. The results from 100 strands are as follows:
strength
high low
high conductivity 74 8
low conductivity 15 3
a) If a strand is randomly selected, what is the probability that its conductivity is high
and its strength is high?
b) If a strand is randomly selected, what is the probability that its conductivity is low
or the strength is low?
c) Consider the event that a strand has low conductivity and the event that the strand
has a low strength. Are these two events mutually exclusive?
The end!

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