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Stator Side Circuit Explanation

Since stator winding is 3 ph winding made out of insulated copper wire, Hence it has resistance 𝑅 𝑎𝑛𝑑
The flux produced by stator winding linking with its own turns only (leakage flux) produces leakage reactance 𝑋

𝑅
Voltage applied to the stator 𝑽𝟏 Current 𝑰𝟏 flows

Voltage drops in the stator

𝑬𝟏 𝑋
𝑽𝟏 Resistive voltage drop 𝐼 𝑅
Reactive voltage drop 𝐼 𝑋

Stator voltage equation is 𝑽𝟏 = 𝑰𝟏 𝑹𝟏 + 𝑰𝟏 𝑿𝟏 + 𝑬𝟏 And these are ac quantities so

OR 𝑬𝟏 = 𝑽𝟏 − 𝑰𝟏 𝑹𝟏 − 𝑰𝟏 𝑿𝟏

Induction Motor on No-load

It draws a very small current called no-load current 𝑰𝟎 This current has two components i.e.,
working component 𝑰𝐖 and magnetising component 𝑰𝐦𝐚𝐠
𝑽𝟏
Working component is in phase with the supply voltage and it −𝑰𝟏 𝑹𝟏
supplies the stator iron losses. Whereas, magnetising
component lags behind the supply voltage V by 90° − 𝑰 𝟏 𝑿𝟏
𝝓𝒎 Is alternating flux and links with stator as well as rotor winding and hence 𝑬𝟏 𝐼
𝑰𝐖
Induces emf 𝑬𝟏 in stator winding and 𝑬𝟐𝒔 in rotor winding which lags
behind 𝝓𝒎 by an angle ??
𝑰𝐦𝐚𝐠 𝝓𝒎
Stator voltage equation is
𝑬𝟏
𝑬𝟏 = 𝑽𝟏 − 𝑰𝟏 𝑹𝟏 − 𝑰𝟏 𝑿𝟏 𝑬𝟐𝒔

This means the stator side circuit is

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Induction Motor on Load

When load is applied on the induction motor its speed decreases slightly and slip increases. Thus rotor current 𝑰𝟐
increases. Simultaneously, to meet with this load, motor draws extra current from the supply mains similar to that
of a transformer. 𝑽𝟏
−𝑰𝟏 𝑹𝟏 𝑰𝟏

𝑰𝟏
− 𝑰 𝟏 𝑿𝟏
𝑬𝟏 𝐼
𝑰𝐖

𝑰𝟐 𝑹𝟐 𝑰𝐦𝐚𝐠 𝝓𝒎

𝑰𝟐 𝑬𝟏
𝑰𝟐 𝑿𝟐𝒔 𝑬𝟐𝒔
The power factor of the induction motor is minimum at no-load as shown in Fig. (a) since the magnetising
current has its dominating effect. However, the power factor increases with increase in load on the
induction motor and is maximum at full load as shown in Fig. (b).
Therefore, it is advised to operate the induction at full load.
Thus, because of air gap, induction motor draws large magnetising current and operates at low lagging
power factor.

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Main Losses in an Induction Motor

The major losses in an induction motor are:
1. Stator losses The losses which occur in the stator of an induction motor are called stator losses.
(i) Stator copper losses – 𝑰𝟐𝟏 𝑹𝟏 (per phase)
(ii) Stator iron losses- These are the hysteresis and eddy current losses
2. Rotor losses: which occur in the rotor of an induction motor are called rotor losses.
(i) Rotor copper losses – 𝑰𝟐𝟐 𝑹𝟐 (per phase)
(ii) Rotor iron losses- Since under normal running condition rotor frequency is very small, therefore.
These losses are so small that they are neglected.
3. Mechanical losses:
The sum of windage and friction losses is called mechanical losses.

Power Flow Diagram

𝑹𝒐𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝑴𝒆𝒄𝒉 𝑷𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓

𝑪𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝑳𝒐𝒔𝒔 𝒂𝒗𝒂𝒊𝒍𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒂𝒕
𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝑹𝒐𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝑺𝒉𝒂𝒇𝒕
𝑶/𝑷 = I/𝑷

𝑰𝒏𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓
𝑨g Ro𝒕𝒐𝒓
𝑷𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓

𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝑹𝒐𝒕𝒐𝒓

𝑪𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝑳𝒐𝒔𝒔 𝑰𝒓𝒐𝒏 𝑳𝒐𝒔𝒔 𝑴𝒆𝒄𝒉. 𝑳𝒐𝒔𝒔

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Relation between Rotor Copper Loss, Slip and Rotor Input

1−𝑠 ……………. 𝐸𝑞 (1).
Mech. power developed in the rotor = 𝑰𝟐𝟐 𝑹𝟐
𝑠
The rotor copper losses = 𝑰𝟐𝟐 𝑹𝟐 ……………. 𝐸𝑞 (2).
Since, from power flow diagram:
Rotor input = Mech. power developed + rotor copper losses
1−𝑠
= 𝑰𝟐𝟐 𝑹𝟐 + 𝑰𝟐𝟐 𝑹𝟐
𝑠
𝑰𝟐𝟐 𝑹𝟐 ……………. 𝐸𝑞 (3).
=
𝑠
From Eq 1 to Eq 3 we can have some important ratios as

𝑰𝟐𝟐 𝑹𝟐
= =𝑠
𝑰𝟐𝟐 𝑹𝟐
𝑠

Rotor Efficiency
The ratio of rotor output (i.e., mech, power developed in rotor neglecting mechanical losses) to the
rotor input is called the rotor efficiency

1−𝑠
𝑴𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝑷𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝑫𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆𝒅 𝑰𝟐𝟐 𝑹𝟐
𝑠
Rotor efficiency = = = 𝟏−𝒔
𝑹𝒐𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝑰𝒏𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝑰𝟐𝟐 𝑹𝟐
𝑠

𝑴𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝑷𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝑫𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆𝒅

= 𝟏−𝒔
𝑹𝒐𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝑰𝒏𝒑𝒖𝒕

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Example The power input to a 3-phase induction motor is 80 kW. The stator losses total 1.5 kW. Find the
total mechanical power developed if the motor is running with a slip of 4%.
Solution:
Stator output or rotor input = Stator input – stator losses = 80 – 1.5 = 78.5 kW

Rotor copper losses = s × Rotor input = 0.04 × 78.5 = 3.14 kW

Mechanical power developed = Rotor input – Rotor copper losses

= 78.5 – 3.14 = 75.36 kW

Ex. A 10 H.P., 4 pole, 25 Hz, 3-phase, wound rotor induction motor is taking 9100 watt from the line. Core loss
is 290 watt, stator copper loss is 568 watt, rotor copper loss in 445 watt, friction and windage losses are 100
watt. Determine; (a) power transferred across air gap; (b) mechanical power in watt developed by rotor; (c)
mechanical power output in watt; (d) efficiency; (e) slip.
Solution: Power input to motor or stator = 9100 watt
Power transferred across air gap = Stator input – Stator core loss – Stator copper loss

Mechanical power developed in rotor = rotor input – Rotor copper loss = 8242 – 445 = 7797
Rotor output = Mechanical power developed – Mechanical loss
= 7797 – 100 = 7697 W

Rotor copper loss

Slip, s =
Rotor input

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Prob. A 50 H.P., 3𝜙, 6-pole induction motor delivers full load output at 960 rpm at 0·8 p.f. when supplied
with 400V, 50Hz supply. Losses due to windage and friction come out to be 2H.P. and stator losses are 2
kW. Find out. (a) total rotor Cu loss; (b) efficiency and (c) line current.

Prob A 4 pole, 3-phase, 50 Hz, 400 V induction motor has a delta connected stator and a star connected
rotor. Each phase of rotor winding carries one-fourth of the number of turns on each phase of stator
winding. The full load speed is 1455 rpm The rotor resistance is 0×3 ohm, and rotor standstill reactance is
1 ohm per phase. The stator and rotor windings are similar. Stator losses equal 100 W. Friction and
windage losses are equal to 50 W. Calculate.

Prob A 3-phase, 6 pole, 400 V, 50 Hz induction motor develops 20 HP including mechanical losses when running at 965
rpm, the power factor being 0 × 87 lagging. Calculate (i) the slip (ii) rotor copper losses (iii) the total input if the stator
losses are 1500 watt (iv) line current and (v) the number of cycles made per minute by the rotor emf

Torque Developed by an Induction Motor

The electrical power of 3-phase induction motor converted into mechanical power is given by the relation;

𝟏−𝐬
𝑷𝟎 = 𝟑𝑰𝟐𝟐 𝑹𝟐 𝐴𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑷𝟎 = 𝝎𝑻 𝑻 𝒊𝒔 𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆𝒅 𝒃𝒚 𝒂𝒏 𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒎𝒐𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒊𝒏 𝑵𝒎
𝒔

𝟏−𝐬
𝝎𝑻 = 𝟑𝑰𝟐𝟐 𝑹𝟐
𝒔
𝑰𝟐𝟐 𝑹𝟐 𝟏 − 𝐬
𝑻=𝟑 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝝎 = 𝝎𝒔 𝟏 − 𝒔
𝒔 𝝎

𝟑 𝑰𝟐𝟐 𝑹𝟐 𝒔𝑬𝟐𝒔
𝑻= 𝐈𝟐 =
𝑹𝟐 𝟐 + 𝒔𝑿𝟐𝐬 𝟐
𝝎𝒔 𝒔

𝟑 𝒔𝑬𝟐𝒔 𝑹𝟐 𝟑 𝒔 𝑬𝟐 𝟐𝒔 𝑹𝟐
𝑻= 𝑻=
𝝎𝒔 𝑹𝟐 𝟐 + 𝒔𝑿𝟐𝐬 𝟐 𝒔 𝝎𝒔 𝑹𝟐 𝟐 + 𝒔𝑿𝟐𝒔 𝟐

This is the expression for full load torque.

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Condition for Maximum Torque and Equation for Maximum Torque

The full load torque developed in an induction motor is given by the relation:
𝟑 𝒔 𝑬𝟐 𝟐𝒔 𝑹𝟐
𝑻=
𝝎𝒔 𝑹𝟐 𝟐 + 𝒔𝑿𝟐𝒔 𝟐

𝒔𝑹𝟐 The torque developed will be maximum at a particular value of slip. As, slip (S)
𝑻𝜶 is a variable quantity, therefore, to obtain the condition for maximum torque,
𝑹𝟐𝟐 + 𝒔𝑿𝟐𝟐𝒔
the above expression for torque is differentiated with respect to S and equated
to zero .
𝐝𝑻 𝑹𝟐𝟐 + 𝒔𝟐 𝑿𝟐 𝟐𝒔 𝑹𝟐 − 𝒔𝑹𝟐 𝟎 + 𝟐𝒔𝑿𝟐𝟐𝒔
= 𝟐
=0
𝐝𝒔 𝑹𝟐𝟐 + 𝒔𝟐 𝑿𝟐𝟐𝒔
𝑹𝟐𝟐 + 𝒔𝟐 𝑿𝟐 𝟐𝒔 𝑹𝟐 − 𝒔𝑹𝟐 𝟎 + 𝟐𝒔𝑿𝟐𝟐𝒔 =0
𝑹𝟐𝟐 + 𝒔𝟐 𝑿𝟐 𝟐𝒔 𝑹𝟐 = 𝒔𝑹𝟐 𝟎 + 𝟐𝒔𝑿𝟐𝟐𝒔
𝑹𝟐𝟐 + 𝒔𝟐 𝑿𝟐 𝟐𝒔 𝑹𝟐 = 𝟐 𝒔𝟐𝑹𝟐 𝑿𝟐𝟐𝒔
𝑹𝟐
𝑹𝟐𝟐 = 𝒔𝑿𝟐𝐬 𝟐 𝑹𝟐 = 𝒔𝑿𝟐𝐬 𝐬=
𝑿𝟐𝒔

To obtain the expression for maximum torque substitute the value of 𝑹𝟐 = 𝒔𝑿𝟐𝐬 in the expression for full load
torque, we get,

𝟑 𝒔 𝑬𝟐 𝟐𝒔 𝒔𝑿𝟐𝒔 𝟑 𝒔 𝑬𝟐 𝟐𝒔 𝒔𝑿𝟐𝒔 𝟑 𝑬𝟐 𝟐𝒔
Maximum torque, 𝑻𝒎 = = 𝟐
=
𝝎𝒔 𝒔𝑿𝟐𝒔 𝟐 + 𝒔𝑿𝟐𝒔 𝟐 𝝎𝒔 𝟐 𝒔𝑿𝟐𝒔 𝟐𝝎𝒔 𝑿𝟐𝒔

𝑶𝒃𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔
 Thus, the maximum torque is independent of rotor resistance but it is inversely proportional to rotor
reactance at standstill (i.e.,. 𝑿𝟐𝒔 )
 Therefore, to achieve higher value of maximum torque, the leakage reactance of the rotor should be
kept minimum.
This is achieved
(i) by placing the rotor conductors very near to the outer periphery of the rotor and
(ii) by reducing the air gap between stator and rotor to smallest possible value.

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Starting Torque
At start rotor is stationary and the value of slip is s = 1
Thus, to obtain the expression for starting torque, substitute the value of slip, s = 1 in the
expression of full load torque;
𝟑 𝟏. 𝑬𝟐 𝟐𝒔 𝑹𝟐 𝟑 𝑬𝟐 𝟐𝒔 𝑹𝟐
Maximum torque, 𝑻𝒔 = = 𝐴𝑙𝑠𝑜
𝝎𝒔 𝑹𝟐 𝟐 + 𝟏. 𝑿𝟐𝒔 𝟐 𝝎𝒔 𝑹𝟐 𝟐 + 𝑿𝟐𝒔 𝟐

𝑵𝒐𝒕𝒆
 Thus, to obtain maximum torque at start, the value of rotor resistance must be equal to rotor
leakage reactance at standstill.
 Therefore, at start some external resistance is added in the rotor circuit.
 This is only possible in case of slip ring induction motors.

 This is the reason, why slip ring induction motors are applied where heavy loads are required to be
picked up at start such as in lifts, cranes, elevators etc.
 Once the motor picks up the load the external resistance is gradually reduced to zero

What In case of squirrel cage induction motors ??

In case of squirrel cage induction motors, the rotor resistance is fixed and is kept quite low in comparison to
rotor reactance, otherwise the rotor copper losses would be high and the efficiency of the motor would fall
to low value.

However to obtain higher starting torque in case of squirrel cage induction motors another cage is
embedded in the rotor and the motor is called a double cage induction motor.

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Effect of Change in Supply Voltage on Torque

The torque developed by the induction motor, when it is running with slip s, is given by the expression;

or

At full load, the slip s is very low; therefore, the value of 𝒔𝟐 𝑿𝟐𝟐𝒔 is so small that it can be neglected in
comparison to 𝑹𝟐

𝐓 𝜶 𝒔𝑽𝟐

Torque-slip Curve
The full load torque developed by an induction motor is given by the expression;
To draw the torque-slip or torque-speed curve the following points are considered:
(i) At synchronous speed (𝑁 ); slip, s = 0 and torque T = 0.
(ii) When rotor speed is very near to synchronous speed i.e., when the
slip is very low the value of the term ( 𝒔𝑿𝟐 𝟐 ) is very 𝒔𝒎𝒂𝒍𝒍
…………. in
comparison to 𝑹𝟐𝟐
Hence torque is given by;
𝑻𝒐𝒓𝒒𝒖𝒆 (𝑻)

𝑻𝒎
= 𝑲𝒔 𝑻 𝛼 𝒔
Thus, at low values of slip, torque is approximately proportional to slip
S and the torque-slip curve is a straight line,
(iii) As the slip increases torque increases and attains its
𝑹
maximum value when s= 𝟐 This maximum value of torque is also known 0
𝒔𝑿𝟐𝐬 as break down or pull out torque. 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
(iv) With further increase in slip due to increase in load beyond the point of maximum torque i.e., 𝒔𝒍𝒊𝒑 (s)
when slip is high, the value of term 𝒔𝑿𝟐 𝟐 is very large in comparison to 𝑹𝟐𝟐 . [i.e., 𝒔𝑿𝟐 𝟐 >> 𝑹𝟐𝟐 ].
𝑅 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑛 𝑛𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦 1
= 𝑲′/𝒔 𝑻 𝛼
𝒔𝒉𝒂𝒑𝒆 𝒐𝒇𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒗𝒆 ? 𝒔
Torque-slip curve is a rectangular hyperbola,

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Torque-speed Curve and Operating Region

O𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑿 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔 𝒓𝒆𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒍𝒊𝒑 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅
𝑾𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒊𝒔 𝑵𝒔 ? 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒛𝒆𝒓𝒐 𝒓𝒐𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 ? ? ? 𝑺𝒐 𝒕𝒐 𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒓𝒕 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒛𝒆𝒓𝒐 𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅, 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒗𝒆 𝒊𝒔 𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒍𝒍𝒚
𝒊𝒏𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒂𝒔 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒘𝒏 𝒃𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒘
Motor develops the
same torque at point X
and Y
𝑫𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆? ?
𝑻𝒐𝒓𝒒𝒖𝒆 (𝑻)

𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚
𝑻𝒎 𝒂𝒕 𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝑿 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒀
𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒂𝒕 𝑿?
𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒂𝒕 𝒀?

𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝑿 𝒊𝒔 𝒖𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝒀 𝒊𝒔 𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆
𝑁=𝑁 𝑵=𝟎

Thus, on the torque−speed curve region BC is the unstable region and

region AB is the stable or operating region of the induction motor

Effect of Rotor Resistance on Torque-slip Curve

To see the effect of rotor resistance on torque-slip curve, consider a slip ring induction motor in which
additional resistance in the rotor circuit can be introduced through slip rings
The rotor reactance 𝑿𝟐𝒔 remains constant
𝟏
𝑻𝒎 𝜶 Independent of rotor resistance 𝑹𝟐 but is inversely
𝑿𝟐𝐬 proportional to rotor standstill reactance 𝑿𝟐𝐬 .
Therefore, the effect of change in rotor resistance will change
the value of slip at which this maximum torque occurs
Greater the rotor resistance, greater the value of slip at which 𝑻𝒎𝟏 𝑻𝒎𝟐
the maximum torque occurs since
𝑹𝟐 … … … . 𝐸𝑞(1)
Slip (s) at which torque is maximum 𝒔 =
𝑿𝟐𝒔
𝑻𝒐𝒓𝒒𝒖𝒆 (𝑻)

𝑠𝑜 𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑤ℎ𝑎𝑡 ℎ𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑠 ? ?

𝐴𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑒𝑞 1 𝑎 𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑖𝑝 𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ max 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑠 .
𝟎. 𝟏𝑿𝟐𝒔
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑅 𝑖𝑠 0.1 𝑜𝑓 𝑋 𝒔= 𝒔 = 𝟎. 𝟏
𝑿𝟐𝒔
𝟎. 𝟐𝑿𝟐𝒔
𝑅 𝑖𝑠 0.2 𝑜𝑓 𝑋 𝒔= 𝒔 = 𝟎. 𝟐
𝑿𝟐𝒔
……… and so on ….

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Ex. A 3-phase induction motor has a 4-pole star-connected stator winding. The motor runs at a line voltage of 200 V, 50
Hz supply. The rotor resistance and standstill reactance per phase are 0.1 and 0.9 ohm respectively. The ratio of rotor to
stator turns is 0.67. Calculate the total torque at 4% slip.

Supply voltage (line value), 𝑉 = 200 V

𝑽𝑳 𝟐𝟎𝟎
Stator induced voltage (phase value), 𝑬𝟏 = = = 115.47 V
𝟑 𝟑
𝑻𝟐 𝑬𝟐𝒔
Ratio of rotor to stator turns, = 0.67 =
𝑻𝟏 𝑬𝟏

Rotor induced emf at standstill, 𝐸 = 0.67 𝑬𝟏 = 0.67 X 115.47= 77.65 V

𝟏𝟐𝟎𝒇
Synchronous speed, 𝑵𝒔 = = 1500 rpm
𝑷

Synchronous angular speed, 𝝎𝑺 =

Torque developed, T =

Prob.
The rotor resistance and standstill rotor reactance of a 3-phase, 4-pole, 50 Hz, phase-wound induction motor is 0.21
ohm and 0.7 ohm per phase respectively. Calculate the speed at which maximum torque is developed.

Prob. A 400 V, 3-phase motor has a rotor resistance of 0·02 ohm and standstill reactance of 0·1 ohm. It has stator to
rotor turns ratio of 5. What must be the value of total resistance of a starter to be used in series with rotor circuit for
maximum torque to be exerted at starting. Also find the rotor current under this condition.

Prob. A 4-pole, 3-phase, 50 Hz induction motor has resistance and stand still reactance of 0·03 : and 0·12 : per phase
respectively. Find the amount of rotor resistance per phase to be inserted to obtain 75% of maximum torque at start.

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