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The document outlines key concepts in structural engineering, including definitions and properties of materials like steel, types of loads on steel structures, and the advantages and disadvantages of using steel. It details specific terms such as partial safety factors, riveted connections, plug and slot welds, and black bolts. Additionally, it discusses the mechanical properties of steel and its applications in construction.

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Gudu Prince
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4 views4 pages

dss1)

The document outlines key concepts in structural engineering, including definitions and properties of materials like steel, types of loads on steel structures, and the advantages and disadvantages of using steel. It details specific terms such as partial safety factors, riveted connections, plug and slot welds, and black bolts. Additionally, it discusses the mechanical properties of steel and its applications in construction.

Uploaded by

Gudu Prince
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Here are the answers according to the marks mentioned:

### **PART-A (2 mark answers)**

**1a. Define partial safety factor.**

A partial safety factor is a factor applied to the nominal load or material strength to account for
uncertainties in design, material properties, and construction. It ensures a margin of safety in
structural engineering calculations.

**1b. Write drawbacks of riveted connection.**

- Time-consuming installation process.

- Heavier than welded or bolted connections.

- Requires skilled labor and proper equipment.

- Higher cost due to additional materials and labor.

**1c. What is plug weld and slot weld?**

- **Plug weld**: A type of weld used to join two overlapping metal pieces by filling a circular
hole in one piece with weld material.

- **Slot weld**: Similar to a plug weld but uses an elongated hole to allow for a stronger and
wider connection.

**1d. What is black bolt and where are they used?**

- **Black bolts** are unfinished or uncoated mild steel bolts used for temporary or non-critical
structural connections.

- **Uses**: Temporary structures, scaffolding, and joints where high strength is not required.
**1e. Where are plate girders used?**

Plate girders are used in bridges, industrial buildings, and railway platforms where large spans
and heavy loads need to be supported efficiently.

**1f. What is the mechanical property of steel?**

Mechanical properties of steel include:

- **Strength** (Yield & Ultimate Strength)

- **Ductility** (Ability to stretch without breaking)

- **Hardness** (Resistance to deformation)

- **Toughness** (Ability to absorb energy)

---

### **PART-B (6 mark answers)**

**2. Explain different types of load in steel.**

Different types of loads acting on steel structures include:

1. **Dead Load (Static Load)**: The permanent load due to the weight of the structure itself
(e.g., beams, columns).

2. **Live Load**: Loads that change over time, such as people, furniture, and vehicles.

3. **Wind Load**: The force exerted by wind pressure on structures.

4. **Snow Load**: The weight of accumulated snow on roofs.

5. **Seismic Load**: Loads due to earthquakes causing vibrations in the structure.

6. **Impact Load**: Sudden force applied to a structure, such as a moving vehicle hitting a
barrier.
---

**3. Define the properties of steel structure.**

Steel structures have the following properties:

- **High Strength-to-Weight Ratio**: Steel is strong yet lightweight compared to other


materials.

- **Ductility**: Steel can undergo deformation before breaking, making it suitable for
earthquakes and dynamic loads.

- **Toughness**: It resists sudden impacts and absorbs energy effectively.

- **Corrosion Resistance**: Though prone to rust, protective coatings (galvanization, paint)


improve longevity.

- **Elasticity and Plasticity**: It can return to its original shape under minor loads but deforms
under excessive loads.

---

**4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of steel structure?**

**Advantages:**

- High strength and durability.

- Prefabrication and ease of construction.

- Resistant to fire and termites.

- Recyclable and eco-friendly.

- Can bear high tensile and compressive loads.


**Disadvantages:**

- Susceptible to corrosion without proper treatment.

- Expensive compared to wood or concrete.

- Requires skilled labor for welding and fabrication.

- High maintenance costs due to painting and coating needs.

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