Ensuring Safety and Efficiency:

The Proper Use of Tag Lines in Lifting Operations

By Robert Baty

Introduction

Tag lines play a crucial role in load control and stabilization during lifting operations. While
their purpose may seem straightforward, improper use or lack of training can result in severe
accidents and fatalities. In fact, studies by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) report that
60% of crane-related fatalities are linked to rigging failures, including incorrect use of tag
lines.

Understanding the proper selection, attachment, and application of tag lines is essential for
ensuring safe, efficient, and controlled lifts. This article provides an in-depth guide on the
proper use of tag lines and expands on best safety practices to prevent workplace accidents.

Understanding Tag Lines and Their Purpose

A tag line is defined by OSHA §1926.1401 as: "a rope (usually fiber) attached to a lifted load
for purposes of controlling load spinning and pendular motions or used to stabilize a bucket or
magnet during material handling operations."

Tag lines serve to:

 Prevent uncontrolled load rotation, which can destabilize the lift.

 Allow workers to maintain a safe distance from suspended loads.
 Minimize swing and pendulum motion, which could lead to unintended collisions.
 Enhance precision placement of lifted materials, increasing operational efficiency.

Under federal and state OSHA regulations, failure to use a tag line on a freely suspended load
may constitute a violation of law. Specific regulations requiring tag line use include:

 Construction: OSHA §1926.1417(w) mandates that a "tag or restraint line must be used
if necessary to prevent hazardous load rotation."
 Hoisting Personnel: OSHA §1926.1431(k)(5) requires "tag lines must be used when
necessary to control the platform."
 General Industry: OSHA §1910.180(h)(3)(xvi) states that "a tag or restrain line shall
be used when the rotation of the load is hazardous."
 ASME B30.5-3.1.3.4 (h): Riggers are responsible for "installing and using tag lines
when additional load control is required."

Employers or controlling entities may have additional requirements based on job-specific risk
assessments.
Tag Line Selection: Choosing the Right Rope

Selecting the appropriate tag line is critical for ensuring safety and functionality. Important
considerations include:

1. Material & Conductivity

 Non-conductive ropes should always be used when working near electrical sources.
Polypropylene ropes are commonly preferred due to their insulation properties.
 Avoid synthetic ropes prone to excessive stretching, as they can compromise load
control.

2. Rope Construction & Durability

 Tag lines should have a preformed eye in one end to prevent knots from loosening
under tension.
 Both ends should be properly sealed (taped, wired, fused, or back spliced) to prevent
fraying.
 Avoid rough materials like hemp or marlin that can degrade quickly or cause handling
injuries.
 Select a diameter that is easy to grip, both with and without gloves.

3. Proper Length and Storage

 The length should be sufficient to provide control while avoiding entanglement hazards.
 Extension cords or makeshift materials are prohibited for use as tag lines.

Attachment and Connection Guidelines

Tag lines should be securely attached to ensure maximum efficiency and safety. Consider the
following best practices:

 Only one knot should be tied, and it should be used to secure the tag line to the load.
 Attachment points should be as far from the center of gravity as possible to provide
greater control.
 A bowline knot should be used when securing a tag line to a load.
 Avoid attaching tag lines to the rigging or basket hitch, as these connections can shift
unpredictably.

Best Practices for Using Tag Lines

To maximize safety and operational efficiency, tag lines should be used correctly and
strategically throughout the lifting process.

1. Pre-Lift Preparation

 Tag lines should be attached before the lift begins.

 A pre-lift briefing should determine the need for tag lines and the personnel assigned to
operate them.
 Blind spots and obstructions should be identified before lifting operations commence.

2. Proper Handling During the Lift

 Tag line handlers should be properly trained to control load movement effectively.
 Two tag lines may be necessary for increased stability, especially for large or irregular
loads.
 The horizontal angle should never exceed 30 degrees above the horizon, ensuring
better leverage and control.
 Maintain consistent tension—not too tight or too loose—to keep the load steady.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Many incidents occur due to improper tag line handling. Avoid these mistakes to ensure safety:

 Do not wrap a tag line around your hand, wrist, or any body part.
 Do not tie or secure a tag line to fixed structures (e.g., handrails, forklift tines, trailer
hitches, etc.).
 Avoid excessive knots or entanglements, which can lead to tripping hazards.
 Never impose a side load with a tag line—the purpose is to guide, not restrain, the load.

The Importance of Tag Line Safety

Aaron Conrad, a Crane Inspection and Certification Bureau (CICB) Subject Matter Expert,
recounted a tragic incident that highlights the dangers of improper tag line use:

A 19-year-old worker was assigned to manage a tag line for a shore power cable being lowered
into a dry dock. Due to his position beneath the crane’s cab, he was out of sight from the
operator. A signalman, located on the opposite side, became impatient and instructed the
operator to increase the lowering speed. As the load accelerated, the recruit lost control of the
rope, which wrapped around his leg. Within seconds, he was pulled over the handrail and fatally
injured.
This tragic event underscores the importance of proper training, clear communication, and
controlled lifting speeds when using tag lines.

Final Thoughts: Prioritizing Tag Line Safety

Tag lines are an indispensable tool in lifting operations, but their improper use can result in
severe consequences. By adhering to OSHA regulations, selecting appropriate ropes, using
correct attachment techniques, and enforcing best practices, companies can drastically
reduce risks and improve job site safety.

Key Takeaways:

 Tag lines prevent load rotation and enhance control.

 Proper rope selection and attachment methods are crucial.
 Operators must be trained to handle tag lines effectively.
 Avoid common mistakes that could lead to serious injuries.

By fostering a culture of safety and vigilance, organizations can ensure that every lift is
performed with precision, control, and minimal risk. A well-handled tag line is a lifeline—
treat it as such.