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triangles

The document contains various geometric proofs demonstrating the similarity of triangles and the properties of trapeziums. It includes applications of the AA similarity criterion and the Basic Proportionality Theorem to establish relationships between sides and angles of triangles. The proofs cover multiple scenarios involving isosceles triangles, parallel lines, and medians of triangles.

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god267225
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2 views

triangles

The document contains various geometric proofs demonstrating the similarity of triangles and the properties of trapeziums. It includes applications of the AA similarity criterion and the Basic Proportionality Theorem to establish relationships between sides and angles of triangles. The proofs cover multiple scenarios involving isosceles triangles, parallel lines, and medians of triangles.

Uploaded by

god267225
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 7

Q41. In given figure E is a point on side CB produced of an isosceles


triangle ∆ABC with AB = AC. If AD ⊥ BC and EF ⊥ AC, prove that
∆ABD ~ ∆ECF.

Solution

If two angles of one triangle are respectively equal to two angles of


another triangle, then the two triangles are similar.
This is referred as AA similarity criterion for two triangles. In ΔABD and
ΔECF
∠ADB = ∠EFC = 90º [∵ AD ⊥ BC and EF ⊥ AC]
∠ABD = ∠ECF

[∵ In ΔABC, AB = AC which signifies ∠ABC = ∠ACB as angles


opposite to equal sides are equal]

Thus we have ΔABD ~ ΔECF (AA criterion)

If two angles of one triangle are respectively equal to two angles of


another triangle, then the two triangles are similar.

This is referred as AA similarity criterion for two triangles. In ΔABD and


ΔECF

∠ADB = ∠EFC = 90º [∵ AD ⊥ BC and EF ⊥ AC]


∠ABD = ∠ECF
[∵ In ΔABC, AB = AC which signifies ∠ABC = ∠ACB as angles
opposite to equal sides are equal]
Thus we have ΔABD ~ ΔECF (AA criterion)

Q42.In the figure, DE||AC and DF||AE. Prove that BF/FE = BE/EC
Solution

In ΔABC, given as, DE || AC


Thus, by using Basic Proportionality Theorem, we get,
∴BD/DA = BE/EC ………………………………………………(i)

In ΔBAE, given as, DF || AE


Thus, by using Basic Proportionality Theorem, we get,
∴BD/DA = BF/FE ………………………………………………(ii)

From equation (i) and (ii), we get


BE/EC = BF/FE

Hence, proved.

Q 43. Prove, “If a line drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to


intersect the other two sides in distinct points, the other two sides
are divided in the same ratio”.

Solution

Given, In ΔABC, DE||BC


Construction : Draw EM⊥AB and DN⊥AC.
Join B to E and C to D.
Proof: In ΔADE and ΔBDE
ar(ΔADE)/ar(ΔBDE) = 1/2 ×AD×EM
________ =AD/DB . . . (i)
1/2 ×DB×EM
[Area of Δ=1/2×base×corresponding altitude]
In ΔADE and ΔCDE
1/2 ×AE×DN
ar(ΔADE)/ar(ΔCDE) = ________ =AE/EC . . . (ii)
1/2 ×EC×DN
Since, DE||BC [Given]
∴ ar(ΔBDE)=ar(ΔCDE) . . . (iii)

[Δs on the same base and between the same parallel sides are equal
in area]

From eq. (i), (ii) and (iii)


AD/DB=AE/EC

Q44. ABCD is a trapezium in which AB || DC and its diagonals


intersect each other at the point O. Show that AO/BO = CO/DO.

Solution
We have to prove, AO/BO = CO/DO

From the point O, draw a line EO touching AD at E, in such a way that,


EO || DC || AB

In ΔADC, we have OE || DC
Therefore, by using Basic Proportionality Theorem
AE/ED = AO/CO ……………..(i)
Now, In ΔABD, OE || AB

Therefore, by using Basic Proportionality Theorem


DE/EA = DO/BO…………….(ii)

From equation (i) and (ii), we get,

AO/CO = BO/DO

⇒AO/BO = CO/DO

Hence, proved.
Q45. In the given figure, ΔODC ~ ΔOBA, ∠ BOC = 125° and ∠ CDO =
70°. Find ∠ DOC, ∠ DCO and ∠ OAB.

Solution
As we can see from the figure, DOB is a straight line.
Therefore, ∠DOC + ∠ COB = 180°
⇒ ∠DOC = 180° – 125° (Given, ∠ BOC = 125°)
= 55°
In ΔDOC, sum of the measures of the angles of a triangle is 180º
Therefore, ∠DCO + ∠ CDO + ∠ DOC = 180°
⇒ ∠DCO + 70º + 55º = 180°(Given, ∠ CDO = 70°)
⇒ ∠DCO = 55°
It is given that, ΔODC ~ ΔOBA,
Therefore, ΔODC ~ ΔOBA.
Hence, corresponding angles are equal in similar triangles
∠OAB = ∠OCD
⇒ ∠ OAB = 55°
∠OAB = ∠OCD
⇒ ∠OAB = 55°

Q46. In given figure, if ∠ACB=∠CDA,AC=8cm and AD=3cm, then


find BD.

Solution
Given, AC=8cm,AD=3cm and ∠ACB=∠CDA
From figure, ∠CDA=90∘
∴ ∠CDA=90∘
In right angled ΔADC, AC² =AD² +CD²
⇒ (8)² =(3)² +(CD)²
⇒ 64−9=CD²
⇒ CD=√55cm
In ΔCDB and ΔADC, ∠BDC=∠ADC [each 90∘]
∠DBC=∠DCA [each equal to 90∘ −∠A]
∴ ΔCDB∼ΔADC
Then, CD/BD=AD/CD
⇒ CD² =AD×BD
∴ BD=CD² /AD=(√55)²/3=55/3cm
Q47. If AD and PM are medians of triangles DABC and DPQR,
respectively where ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR, prove that AB/PQ = AD/PM .
Solution

It is given that ΔABC ∼ ΔPQR


We know that the corresponding sides of similar triangles are in
proportion.
∴AB/PQ = AC/PR = BC/QR … (1)

Also, ∠A = ∠P, ∠B = ∠Q, ∠C = ∠R … (2)

Since AD and PM are medians, they will divide their opposite sides.
∴BD=BC/2 and QM = QR/2 … (3)

From equations (1) and (3), we obtain


AB/PQ = BR/QM … (4)
In ΔABD and ΔPQM,
∠B = ∠Q [Using equation (2)]
AB/PQ = BD/QM [Using equation (4)]

∴ ΔABD ∼ ΔPQM (By SAS similarity criterion)

⇒ AB/PQ = BD/QM = AD/PM

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