Perception of ChatGPT among Grade 11 Students

at Panabo City Senior High School

____________________

A Practical Research Paper

Presented to the Faculty of the Panabo City Senior High

School

____________________

In Partial Fulfilment of

The Requirements for the Subject Practical Research II

_____________________

DORIS MAECY S. HEGRIMOSA

SOFIA ANGELIE B. CAJARO
JOCELYN R. SALAHUDIN
RICEL C. DERAMA

(August 2024)
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CHAPTER 1

Background Of The Study

The purpose of this study is to investigate the idea that Grade 11

students at Panabo City Senior High School may experience different learning

outcomes and levels of student involvement when they use ChatGPT. Since

ChatGPT provides real-time, personalized sensory feedback and assistance,

the students is expected to do better academically if they incorporate it into

their knowledge learning. Furthermore, ChatGPTs interactivity is thought to

promote higher student involvement in the learning process. In addition to its

overt attractiveness, it seems this tool will make learning less difficult and

more productive. The last part to be talked to is whether ChatGPT actually

provides all of these benefits for learning and student engagement, given its

reputation for dependability and simple use. The major objective of this

research is to comprehend the greater impact of making use of AI-driven tools

in the classroom, especially with regard to senior high school HUMSS

students.

According to Karunaratne et al. (2023) in Kista, Sweden, 60% of the

respondents indicated that using ChatGPT has reduced the time needed to

search for information, thereby the anxiety associated with seeking

information. This AI model has revolutionized education regarding what

students and researchers can do to create and process text and assignments
 3

(Ivanov et al., 2023). However, the effective usage of said tools is what

causes concern

among educators, especially when it comes to aspects such as

plagiarism (Thurzo et al., 2023).

In Cainta, Rizal, Philippines, the study of Fabella, F. E. T. (2023), the

introduction of ChatGPT brings new problems and threats to the education

industry. Concerns about its possible misuse in completing written

assignments and exams on behalf of students have been raised, presenting

issues about AI-assisted academic dishonesty. This is due to its capacity to

accurately respond to user inquiries.

In Cagayan, Philippines, ChatGPT positively affected academic

performance through the mechanism of increasing learning motivation.

Through appropriate utilization, ChatGPT assumes a critical function in

fostering educational advancement and facilitating superior outcomes in

students’ scholastic pursuits, thereby sustaining their motivation to acquire

knowledge Caratiquit, K.D. & Caratiquit, L.J.C., (2023). According to Cheng

(2023), providing supplementary explanations, illustrations, and materials

helps learners explain complex ideas, broaden their scope of knowledge, and

enhance their comprehension of scholarly disciplines. As a result, using

ChatGPT can help students learn, but you must be cautious.

From the information that was collected, it could be stated that

ChatGPT is the relatively recent tool that was recently discussed and may

have the potential to disrupt the educational market; at the same time, the

studies concerning the effectiveness of this tool in the process of student

learning and motivation are still limited. Nevertheless, the recognition of the
 4

impact of the given AI tool on motivation, problem-solving skills, and

collaborative learning is crucial to using the tool in the teaching-learning

process to achieve the potential

benefits and minimize existing risks. That is why it is important to fill

this research gap because it can contribute to the proper integration of such

technologies as ChatGPT in the educational process and make sure that it is

useful for students.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to describe the Perception of ChatGPT among Grade

11 Students at Panabo City Senior High School during the school year 2024

– 2025. Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents ;

1.1 Sexual orientation;

1.2 Grade level; and

1.3 Strand ?

2. What is the level of Perception on the use of ChatGPT

2.1 Perceived usefulness;

2.2 Perceived ease of use;

2.3 Attitude towards using ChatGPT;

2.4 Behavioral intention to use ChatGPT;

2.5 Perceived credibility;

2.6 Perceived social influence; and

2.7 Perceived privacy and security ?

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3. Is there a significant difference between the students’ perception on

ChatGPT when analyzed in terms of:

3.1 Sex

3.2 Grade Level

3.3 Strand ?

Hypothesis

This study will be tested at .05 level of significance:

H01: There is no significant relationship between the Perception of ChatGPT

and Grade 11 Students at Panabo City Senior High School.

Scope and Delimitation

This descriptive study looks into how Grade 11 students at Panabo City

Senior High School, in all subject areas, felt about ChatGPT throughout the

2024–2025 school year. The purpose of the study is to explain how students'

opinions of ChatGPT are influenced by variables including sex, grade level,

and strand. Academic achievement, socioeconomic status, and past

experience with AI technologies are examples of external characteristics that

will not be taken into account. The results may not apply to other grade levels

or schools because they are restricted to this particular sample of Grade 11

Students.
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Significance of the Study

School Administrators – These outcomes may help inform decisions

about how to incorporate AI technologies into the curriculum with a view to

enhancing digital literacy and maximizing resource distribution.

Teachers – By recognizing students’ perspectives on ChatGPT,

instructors can determine the way AI affects education as well as the means

of making good use of artificially intelligent equipment in their instructional

practices.

Researchers – Your study can provide data and insights that other

researchers in education and AI could use for further exploration into the

impact of AI on learning.

Technical Developers – To make educational AIs more accessible and

effective based on students’ feedbacks, AI tool developers like OpenAI may

find useful insights from your work.

Parents – Understanding how their children perceive and use AI tools

like ChatGPT could help parents support their children’s education in a

balanced way.

Students – The research could provide insights into how they perceive

and use AI tools like ChatGPT, which could guide them in understanding its

potential for learning, study aids, and personal development.

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Future Researchers - ChatGPT will leave a legacy for future

generations of humans and AI. They can also help to advance the underlying

technologies, including natural language understanding and AI safety, making

systems more transparent and fairer.

Definition of Terms

Perception of ChatGPT

Perception is defined by Shoufan (2023) as the process by which

students understand and develop attitudes about ChatGPT, shaped by their

interactions, experiences, and the information they are given about the tool.

It refers to how the users interact with the system, users assess

ChatGPT’s efficacy, accuracy, and usefulness in a subjective manner. It is

measured via feedback instruments like surveys, which evaluate aspects

including user happiness, response accuracy, and general system trust (Zhou

and Li, 2022).

Is how individuals, especially students and educators, view and

understand the tool’s usefulness, reliability, and impact on education. It

includes

thoughts about how it can improve learning, motivation, and problem-solving

skills as well as worries about possible negative effects like over-reliance or

ethical implications. Personal experiences, research accessibility, and the

larger framework of incorporating AI into educational settings all influence this

view.

Sexual Orientation
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According to Bailey et al. (2016), sexual orientation is different from

sexual identity, which is a person's self-perception as homosexual, bisexual,

or heterosexual. Sexual orientation is the relative sexual attraction to people

of the same sex, to people of both sexes, or to people of the opposite sex.

Grade Level

Identified by Allen and Seaman (2015), is the classification of pupils

according to their academic year or advancement within the educational

system; it is usually used to adjust the curriculum and learning objectives to

the students' educational stage.

Strand

Rrefers to a particular area or concentration within a larger field of

study. For example, depending on their interests and professional aspirations,

students may select a strand in education such as the humanities or science,

technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Students can specialize

and learn more about their chosen field as a result Romero-

Rodríguez et al. (2023)

Usefulness

According to Katsantonis and Katsantonis's (2024) research,

usefulness is the degree to which students see AI as valuable and helpful in

enhancing their academic performance and learning. It entails wanting to

utilize AI technologies, feeling good about it, and realizing its potential.
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Ease of Use

Is described as how simple and easy it is for students to use ChatGPT

for complicated thinking activities, according to a study by Romero-Rodríguez

et al. (2023). This comprises the AI tool's ease of use, its functionalities'

clarity,

and its general user-friendly design, which reduces the need for

significant effort or learning to use it efficiently.

Attitudes

According to Ajlouni et al. (2023), students' general attitude about using

ChatGPT as a learning tool encompasses their feelings, convictions, and

actions. This includes how they feel—whether positively or negatively—how

helpful and.

Behavioral Intention

Relating to self-efficacy and responsible student behavior towards AI.

Asio et al., (2024)

Credibility

According to the Yilmaz et al. (2023) study, is the degree to which

students believe ChatGPT to be dependable and trustworthy in delivering

accurate and legitimate information.

Social Influence
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Is an essential part of human interaction, as people often pick up on

the attitudes, beliefs, opinions, or behavior of those they engage with Flache

et al., (2017).

Privacy

Is the right to limit who can access one's personal data and to be free

from illegal access to one's private life, according to Barendt (2017). It entails

preserving the privacy of personal information as well as defending people's

dignity and independence.

Security

Wu, Duan, and Ni (2024) define security as safeguarding user

information and interactions against abuse, breaches, and illegal access.

ChatGPT

Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer. It is a conversational AI

model developed by OpenAI.(2023) based on the GPT (Generative Pre-

trained Transformer) architecture. It is designed to understand and generate

human-

like text based on input prompts, leveraging large-scale datasets and deep

learning techniques to facilitate natural language processing tasks.

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Conceptual Framework

Perception of ChatGPT Demographic Profile

 Usefulness  Sexual orientation

 Ease of use  Grade level
 Attitude  Strand
 Behavior
 Credibility
 Social influence
 Privacy and security.

Theoretical Framework

This study is anchored on Technological Acceptance Model, Davis

(1986) introduced the (TAM) as one of the most commonly used models for

explaining user Acceptance Behavior. It is said to understand the

relationships among users internal beliefs, attitudes, and intentions, as well as

 12

understanding and explaining computer acceptance technology (Davis et al.,

1989). Using PEOU and PU, Davis (1989) carried out a number of tests to

validate TAM. He found that PU was associated with self-reported current

usage as well as self-predicted future consumption, and PEOU was correlated

with both current and future usage.

Another theory we are studying is The Social Cognitive Theory of

Albert Bandura (Bandura 1997), the relationship that exists between

behavioral

factors, environmental influences, and personal factors (such as

beliefs, attitudes, and self-efficacy; therefore this relationship is relevant to

self-efficacy, observational learning, and environmental influences. This is

relevant to our research because it sheds light on how students perceive their

attitudes and intentions toward ChatGPT. It also shows how students'

opinions of the tool can be influenced by how others such as classmates and

educators use it and by their own sense of competence with it.

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CHAPTER 2

Review of Related Literature

This part explores at relevant research and literature to provide a

strong foundation for the investigation. It aims to give readers a thorough

understanding of the factors under investigation. The form of the presentation

and discussion depends on the variables' relative positions and the indicators

that go along with them.

Perception of ChatGPT

Technological advancements like ChatGPT have the power to

transform how we study, think, and make the work Rudolph et al., (2023). The

benefits of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools are many and diverse. For example,

situations involving teachers, students, and systems could be investigated. It

can help teachers with idea production, lesson preparation, and the creation

of innovation teaching strategies. Technology can act as a “Intelligent Tutoring

system (ITS)” for pupils, offering direction, comfort, and accuracy

confirmation.

Usefulness

The teaching and learning processes have seen significant

improvements as a result of the incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) in

education. Chatbots especially AI-driven models like ChatGPT from OpenAI

 14

have proven to be highly skilled at handling big datasets and providing

engaging educational opportunities. Particularly from the viewpoints of

students and teachers, studies such as the ones carried out by Rodrigo et al.

(2023) have emphasized the possible advantages as well as difficulties

connected with AI-based technologies in education. ChatGPT proved to be

relevant and helpful in offering convenient access to teaching resources to

help in learning programming. However, it collapsed, lacking the interactive

experience that appropriate IDEs offer, which could impair its efficiency in

providing practical programming advice Katsantonis et al., (2024).

Ease of Use

As AI technologies continue to reshape human-computer interactions,

understanding the factors that influence communication efficiency between

users and AI tools, such as ChatGPT, has become a crucial area of research.

Wulandari et al. (2024) conducted a study that investigates the impact of

various factors on the interaction efficiency of communication with AI

chatbots. This study utilized the Unified Theory of Technology Acceptance

and Use (UTAUT) and Human-Machine Interaction (HCI) frameworks, which

offer robust insights into the dynamics of technology adoption and interaction.

The study gives vital insights into students' perspectives of AI in their learning

experiences, underlining the importance of improved acceptance and

openness to this quickly evolving technology.

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Attitude

According to Hidayat and Sujarwati (2024), students generally have

favorable opinions about utilizing ChatGPT for academic writing and value its

capacity to improve sentence form, grammar, and concept extension. Acosta-

Enriquez et al. (2024) pointed out that aspects including simplicity of use,

intent to use, and responsible use influence students' perceptions, but they

also mentioned worries about possible plagiarism and an excessive reliance

on AI. Both findings highlight the necessity for educational institutions to

address these issues while encouraging the responsible use of AI tools. They

discovered that pleasant emotions and frequent use intentions strongly

influence a good attitude toward ChatGPT.

Behavioral Intention

Asio and Suero (2024) also investigated the ways in which AI-related

factors impact students' conduct. They noted that cautious or hesitating use of

AI tools may result from mild AI fear. On the other hand, students who

possess high levels of self-competence are more likely to take the initiative

and incorporate AI into their everyday routines and learning. The interaction of

these behaviors points to the necessity of encouraging learning environments

that reduce fear and foster self-assurance while using AI. Institutions can

better prepare students for a future driven by AI by using this thorough

understanding of behavior toward AI.

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Credibility

As per the findings of Huschens et al., (2023) participants did not

significantly distinguish between human-generated and LLM-generated

material in regard to competence and credibility. This is also true regardless

the examined UI. Therefore, the participants consider the texts to be credible

as works that have been carefully chosen and created by humans, even when

they are aware that they are from ChatGPT. People view both texts as equally

competent and reliable, and even when they are aware of the texts' original

source, UI has no bearing on how credible people find them to be.

Additionally, they discovered that participants viewed ChatGPT-generated

works to be clearer and interesting than texts created by humans.

Social Influence

The area of education was entirely reorganized, with this novel artificial

intelligence as the most recent component. Using undergraduate students'

experiences, this research offers insightful information about ChatGPT's

impact on students. The results show that it was a helpful tool for academic

work that improved academic achievement. The study also determined what

factors affected ChatGPT's uptake including perceived usefulness, easiness

of use as well as societal impact. We found that chatbots can be useful

resources for education and academic support (Chan 2023).

Privacy and Security

The improved intelligence of ChatGPT increases traditional security

risks and increases the vulnerabilities that adversaries can exploit. It presents
 17

fresh risks, calling for increased knowledge and protective measures to

safeguard users and the general public. Users can obtain comprehensive

information about the collection, processing, sharing, and deletion of their

personal data from a privacy policy, which is an essential legal document. Any

information pertaining to a recognized or identifiable person is considered

personal data. Social insurance numbers, for example, are commonly used as

indicators of privacy protection and are universally acknowledged as personal

data X. Wu et al., (2023).

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CHAPTER 3

Methodology

In this chapter, the researcher presents the procedures and methods to

be used for the study, including the research design, target respondents,

study location, tools, data collection process, and analysis.

Research Design

This study is going to assess how Grade 11 students at Panabo City

Senior High School perceive ChatGPT using a descriptive comparative

research design. In order to describe trends and variations among groups

without changing factors, this approach involves methodically gathering and

evaluating data. It is particularly appropriate for the study since it seeks to

uncover differences in students’ opinions according to variables like their

demographics, usage patterns, or level of experience with ChatGPT, offering

insights into its function and applicability in a learning environment (Creswell,

2014).

Research Locale
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Panabo City Senior High School students in Grade 11 from the Panabo

Division will participate in this study as respondents. Situated in Barangay

New

Visayas, Panabo City, Davao del Norte, Region 11, Mindanao,

Philippines, this establishment has received national recognition for its

excellent execution of Department of Education initiatives that create a safe,

encouraging, gender-sensitive, and child-friendly environment. The school

was chosen for this study in order to investigate how students feel about

ChatGPT. It has around two thousand students enrolled and over fifty

teaching and non-teaching staff. The purpose of the study is to offer

information that program implementers and educators may use to better

understand how ChatGPT can improve learning experiences and how it might

affect students' academic engagement.

Research Respondents

This research, titled “Perception of ChatGPT among Grade 11

Students at Panabo City Senior High School: A Descriptive Comparative

Study,” will involve 273 respondents, selected using a random sampling

technique. According to Creswell (2015), random sampling is a method that

ensures fair representation and minimizes bias, making it ideal for drawing

reliable conclusions about a population. By randomly selecting Grade 11

students from Panabo City Senior High School for the academic year 2024–

2025, the study ensures objectivity and scientific rigor. The sample size of 273

was determined using Slovin’s formula, which provides a statistically sound

 20

method to calculate an appropriate sample size for a given population,

ensuring accuracy while considering a margin of error. The sample size is

sufficient to statistically

address the research questions and provide meaningful insights into

the perceptions of ChatGPT among the respondents.

Research Instrument

To gather the data for the independent variable, which is the students’

perception of ChatGPT, the researcher will adapt a structured questionnaire

based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) by Davis (1989), cited

and utilized by Venkatesh and Bala (2008). On evaluating the students'

perceptions, the respondents will use the following in rating the questionnaire:

5 as strongly agree; 4 as agree; 3 as neutral; 2 as disagree, and 1 as strongly

disagree. The Likert scale below will be used to analyze the results:

Range of Means Description Interpretation

4.20 – 5:00 Strongly Agree The user sees

ChatGPT as highly
effective, consistently
providing insightful,
accurate, and engaging
responses that exceed
expectations.

3.40 – 4.19 Agree The user perceives

ChatGPT as mostly
helpful and reliable,
delivering accurate and
well-structured
responses, though
minor issues may arise
occasionally.
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2.60 – 3.39 Neutral The user feels

ChatGPT is moderately
helpful, providing mixed
experiences.
Responses are
acceptable but lack
depth or clarity at times.

1.80 -2.59 Disagree The user finds

ChatGPT somewhat
unhelpful, with
occasional useful
responses, but many
answers are
unsatisfactory or
unclear.

1.00 -1.79 Strongly Disagree The user perceives

ChatGPT as unhelpful,
inaccurate, or
frustrating, with
responses often being
irrelevant or incorrect.
Interactions consistently
fail to meet
expectations.

Ethics Considerations

In conducting the research titled “Perception of ChatGPT among Grade

11 Students at Panabo City Senior High School,” the following ethical

considerations will be observed to ensure the protection of participants’ rights

and the integrity of the study:

Informed Consent. Participants will be fully informed about the

purpose, objectives, and scope of the study. Written consent will be obtained

from students and, if applicable, their parents or guardians. Participants will

 22

be informed of their right to decline or withdraw at any stage of the research

without any consequences.

Confidentiality and Anonymity. Personal information and responses will

be kept confidential and used solely for research purposes. Identifiable

information will not be included in the final report to maintain

participants’ anonymity.

Voluntary Participation. Participation in the study will be entirely

voluntary. No coercion, incentives, or penalties will be imposed on students

for choosing to participate or not.

Non-Maleficence. The study will be designed to ensure that no harm—

physical, emotional, or psychological—comes to the participants. Any

sensitive topics or questions will be addressed with care to avoid discomfort.

Respect for Participants. Students’ opinions and perceptions will be

treated with respect and valued equally, regardless of their stance on the use

of ChatGPT. Participants will have the freedom to express their views without

fear of judgment.

Data Security. All data collected will be stored securely, ensuring

unauthorized access is prevented. After the study is completed, all data will

be responsibly disposed of or deleted.

Academic Honesty and Integrity. The research will adhere to the

principles of honesty and transparency in data collection, analysis, and

reporting. Any conflicts of interest will be disclosed, and the use of ChatGPT

itself will be critically evaluated.

 23

By adhering to these ethical considerations, the study aims to foster

trust and ensure the rights and well-being of all participants are upheld.

Data Gathering Procedure

The data collection process was conducted in the following steps:

Permission and Coordination. A formal letter requesting permission to

conduct the study was sent to the school principal, and approval was granted.

Survey Distribution. The survey questionnaires were distributed to the

selected respondents during their free periods or non-academic sessions to

ensure minimal disruption to their class schedules.

Survey Administration. The researcher provided instructions on how to

answer the questionnaire and clarified any questions from the participants.

They were assured that their responses would remain confidential.

Data Collection. The completed questionnaires were collected from

respondents, checked for completeness, and organized for data analysis.

Data Analysis

The collected data were analyzed using the following statistical tools:

Mean. To ascertain the responses’ central tendency, mean was

calculated, resulting in an average value for every variable.

 24

Standard Deviation. To assess the responses’ variability or dispersion

and illustrate how evenly distributed the data was around the mean, the

standard deviation was computed.

Descriptive Statistics. Frequencies, percentages, and means were

used to summarize the demographic profiles of the respondents, their

ChatGPT usage patterns, and their perceptions of ChatGPT.

F-Test. The F-Test was used to determine significant differences in

perceptions of ChatGPT between male and female respondents.

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). ANOVA was applied to examine the

differences in perceptions of ChatGPT among students from different strands,

including ABM, HUMSS, ICT, EIM, GAS, and ALS.

25
 26

CHAPTER 4

Results and Discussion

This chapter provides a detailed analysis and interpretation of the data

collected by the researcher. The findings are systematically presented and

discussed according to the order of the research questions outlined in the first

chapter, ensuring a clear and logical flow of information.

 27

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