GRADE

Science 8
First Quarter
Force and Motion

Most Essential Learning Competency:

Investigate the relationship between the amount of force applied
and the mass of the object to the amount of change in the
object’s motion.
(S8FE-Ia-15)
Science – Grade 8
First Quarter – Module 1.Title: Force and Motion
First Edition, 2020

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Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks,
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been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective
copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Schools Division Office San Juan City

Schools Division Superintendent: Cecille G. Carandang, CESO VI
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent: Flordelisa D. Pereyra, CESO VI

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Nelia N. Obligado

Editors: Dr. Bradley Goldie K. Loo, RN

Reviewers: Perfecto L. Bautista, Jr., Rizaldy N. Bercasio; Myrna G. Solis
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team: Cecille G. Carandang ( SDS )
Flordelisa D. Pereyra ( ASDS )
Dr. Helen G. Padilla ( CID Chief )
Dr. Bradley Goldie K. Loo (EPS In Science )
Dr. Jonas Feliciano C. Domingo (EPS In LRMS )

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Schools Division Office San Juan City

Office Address: Pinaglabanan St., San Juan City, Philippines 1500
Telefax: (632) 8451-2699; (632) 8251-2383
E-mail Address: [email protected]
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Expectation

In this module, you will investigate the relationship between the

amount of force applied and the mass of the object to the amount of change
in the object’s motion.

Specifically, this module will help you to:

• identify the effect of the force exerted to the object and the

object’s change in motion;

• relate the force and the mass of an object to the amount of
change of object’s motion or acceleration;
• demonstrate how the amount of force and mass affect to the

changes in motion of objects;

Let us start your journey in learning more on lesson title.

I am sure you are ready and excited to answer the Pretest.
Smile and cheer up!

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 1

Pre-Test

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. A body of mass m is being accelerated by a net force F. If the net force is

decreased two times, the mass is constant then, its acceleration is
a. halved
b. doubled
c. increased four times
d. decreased to one-fourth

2. If the applied force is constant, the mass and acceleration produced are
a. inversely proportional
b. directly proportional
c. unrelated
d. equal

3. If the two girls will be pushed using the same amount of force, who will
move faster?
a. The fat girl
b. The thin girl
c. Both have equal acceleration
d. Only the fat girl will move faster.

4. What will be the amount of force if the mass of an object is 2kgs, and
acceleration is 2m/s2?
a. ½ m/s2
b. 1 m/s2
c. 2 m/s2
d. 4 m/s2
5. A 2N force is applied to object A with a mass of 1kg and another 4N force
is applied the object B of the same mass, which object will move faster?
Why?
a. object A, because the force applied is smaller
b. object B, because the force applied is greater
c. both objects A & B will move fast because they have same masses
d. mass of objects A & B are the same, so they will both move slowly

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 Looking back to your Lesson

Title of Activity:
The Effects of Force on Objects’ Motion
Objective:
To show the effects of force on object’s motion.
Materials:
ball, wooden stick or ruler, baseball bat or any improvised objects.
Procedure:
1. Lay a ball on a flat surface.
Don’t move it.
Does the ball move?
Write your observation?
2. Push the ball slowly,
what caused the ball move?
Observe the ball’s change in position.
Measure the displacement.
3. While the ball is moving use a ruler to
counteract the direction of the ball’s
motion.
What happen to the ball’s motion and
direction?
4. Now, exert a greater force to the ball.
Observe the speed of motion of the
ball, and write your observations.
5. Get an object of heavier mass available in your home, exert a force
same as in #2. Observe the motion of the object. Measure the object’s
displacement.
Critical Thinking Questions
1. What are the effects of force applied on the object’s motion?
_______________________________________________________________________
How do forces speed up or slow down object’s motion?
________________________________________________________________________
2. If a greater force is applied to an object, what will be the change in the
motion of objects?
________________________________________________________________________
3. If the same force as in #2 is applied to a heavier object, what would be
the change in the object’s motion?
________________________________________________________________________

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 Brief Introduction

Based from your daily-life experiences, can you describe how an

applied force affect the motion of objects? How do forces speed up or slow
down objects’ motion?

Take a look at the figures below.

Figure 1. A small force will be applied to the ball. Figure 2. Greater force will be applied to the ball.

Describe the effect of the force applied to the change in motion of

the ball in Figure 1 and Figure 2 above.

You can change an object’s motion by simply exerting a force on an

object. The smaller the force exerted on the object, the smaller the change in
object’s motion.
Acceleration is the change in motion of bodies or objects. It is either
speed-up or slow-down of the object’s motion.
How fast an object accelerate is related to how much force you apply
to the object. The more force the more acceleration. The greater the mass of
an object, the greater the amount of force needed to move the object.

Figure 4. Constant force, different mass

Figure 3. Constant mass, different force If you use the same force to push a 400kg mass
object and push a 40kg mass object, the 40kg
The greater the force, the more the object will have more acceleration than the 400kg,
acceleration. The smaller the force, because the mass is inversely proportional to the
the lesser the acceleration. acceleration.

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 In the Newton’s Second Law of Motion, the acceleration depends on the
force applied and the mass of the object or body that receives the force. If the
force is constant, the greater the mass, the lesser the acceleration. The lesser
the mass, the greater the acceleration. The acceleration is in direction with
the force applied.
What will happen to the acceleration if you double the force and the mass
of the object?
If you decrease the mass by half, how much acceleration would the
object have now?
Based from the pictures below, what is the relationship between the
amount of force applied and the mass to the amount of change in motion of
objects?

Figure 5. The motion of objects with smaller mass and bigger mass objects.

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 Activities

Activity 1.1

Title of Activity:
The relationship between force, mass, and the amount of change
in motion of objects.
Objectives:

1. To show the relationship between the mass and the change in

motion of the object when the force is constant.

2. To determine the relationship between the change in weights or

downward force and acceleration if the mass of the cart is constant.

Materials:
cart, weights, string, stop watch, tape measurer, table, pulley
Procedure: Simulation Activity: (The teacher will simulate this activity/the
video slides will be played. The learners will observe, think, and
learn.)

Set-Up #1 Constant Force, Changing Mass

1. Tie a 1-meter string to the toy cart. Placed a weight at the other end of the
string. Clamp an improvised pulley on the edge of the table as shown
below.
(See to it that the cart glides smoothly on top of the table.)
Record the time it takes the cart to reach the marked distance on the
table.

2. Release the weight, and observed the motion of the cart. See if the cart
moves too fast, use a greater weight. If it is too slow, reduce the weight.
Record the time it takes the cart to reach the marked distance.
3. Place a load on the cart with a known mass and release the weight.
Observe the motion of the cart, and record the time it takes the cart to
reach the marked distance on the table.

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 Mass 1

4. Add another mass to the cart, then release the weight. Observe the
motion of the cart, and record the time.

Mass 2
2
Mass 1

Student’s Activity:
(Let us review the lesson in grade 7 about speed and acceleration.)

Example: The cart moves to a distance of 8 meters for 4 seconds. What is

the speed of the cart?

Formula: Required:
Speed = ?
speed = distance
time

Given: distance = 8 meters

time = 4 seconds

If the speed of the cart is 2 m4/s, the recorded time is 4 seconds. The
previous speed is 1m/s, and the time for that speed is 2 seconds, what is the
cart’s acceleration?
Formula: Given:
acceleration: vf = 2 m/s tf = 4 s
a = vf – vi Vi = 1m/s ti = 2 s
tf – ti
Required:
a= ?

Calculate the values of speed and acceleration. Fill-up the values of

speed in m/s and acceleration in m/s2

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 Table 1. The values of mass, weight, distance,
time, computed speed and acceleration.

m wt. d t v a
(kg) kg.m/s2 (meter) (sec) (m/s) (m/s 2)

0.2 7.5 3 3
0.4 7.5 3 4
0.6 7.5 3 5

Plot the values of mass and acceleration on the graph.

acceleration

mass of the cart + added mass

Graph1. mass vs. acceleration

Set-Up #2 Constant Mass, Changing Force

Simulation Activity: (The teacher will simulate this activity/the video
slides will be played. The learners will observe, think, and learn.)
1. The simulator will use this set-up; the mass will be kept constant. Load
the cart with a known mass. Release the weight. Observe the motion of
the cart. Record the time. Mark the distance from the starting point to the
end point reached by the cart.

2. Add another weight to the end of the string. Observe the motion of the
cart. Record the time it takes the cart to reach the marked distance.

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 Additional weight

3. Add additional weight, to the end of the string. Observe the motion of the
cart. Record the time it takes the cart to reach the marked distance.

Additional weights

The learners will perform the following:

1. Calculate the speed using the formula above.
2. Compare the speed of the cart using different weights.
3. Calculate the acceleration.
4. Plot the values of weight and acceleration on the Graph 2.

Table 2. Recorded mass, weight, distance, time,

and computed speed, and acceleration
m wt. d t v a
(kg) (kg.m/s 2) (meter) (sec) (m/ (m/s 2)
s)

0.5 6 3 6
0.5 8 3 5
0.5 10 3 4

Graph 2. weight vs. acceleration

acceleration

weight hanged + added weights

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Critical Thinking Questions
1. Compare the acceleration of the cart when the force applied in pulling
increased or decreased.
________________________________________________________________________________
2. Compare the acceleration of the cart when the mass it carries increased
or decreased.
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. What relationship can you conclude between acceleration and force?
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. What relationship can you conclude between acceleration and mass?

Activity 1.2
Title of the Activity: Forces Acting on Objects

Objectives:
1. To show situations in which forces are acting on objects.
2. To interpret diagrams about varying forces and mass and their effects to
the motion of objects.
Procedures:
The diagrams below show situations in which forces are acting on objects.
Study each diagram. Then, answer the questions.

1. a. In which diagram are the forces balanced?

1. b. What will happen to the object in each diagram? Why?

__________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

2. a. What factor is different in diagrams A and B? What factor is the same?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

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2. b. Which object will have the greater acceleration? Why?
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

3. a. How do diagrams A and B compare?

_______________________________________________________
3. b. Which object will have the greater acceleration? Why?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

4. a. What factors are different in diagrams A and B?

_____________________________________________

4. b. Which object will have the greater acceleration? Why?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

object in B has a greater acceleration.

is 4 m/s2, while the acceleration of the object in B is 5 m/s2. So, the
4.b. According to F=ma, the acceleration of the object in A
different sizes.
4.a. The objects have different masses and the forces acting on them have
force acting on it is greater.
3.b. The object in A will have the greater acceleration because the size of the
different.
3.a. The objects have the same mass; the forces acting on the objects are
smaller.
2.b. The object in B will have a greater acceleration because its mass is
the same.
2.a. The objects have different masses; the forces acting on each object are
in B will move in the direction of the greater force.
1.b. The object in A will not move because the forces are balanced. The object
1.a. diagram A
Activity 1.2
Answer Key

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 Remember

• If a net unbalanced force is applied to an object, it will cause objects to

move, if the inertial mass is proportional to the force applied.
• Sir Isaac Newton perceived the effect of force on the motion of objects.
According to him, “the amount of change in object’s motion or
acceleration is directly proportional to the force applied and inversely
proportional to the mass of the object”. This is the Newton’s Second
Law of Motion or the Law Acceleration.
• The amount of change in object’s motion or acceleration is proportional
to the force applied and inversely proportional to the mass.
acceleration = Force/mass
• The force applied on the object is equal to the mass multiplied by the
acceleration.

Force = mass x acceleration

The unit of force is Newton. One (1) Newton force is equal to 1kg mass
multiplied by an acceleration of 1m/s2. (1 Newton=1kg.m/s2)
• The mass of the body is the ratio of the applied force to the
corresponding acceleration.
mass = Force/acceleration
• If a small force is applied to a smaller mass, the corresponding
acceleration is likewise small. If the force is doubled to 2F, the
measured acceleration of the body will be found to be 2a. Increasing the
force to three times will give an acceleration three times as well.

• The greater the mass of an object, the greater the force required to
produce a change in object’s motion.

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 Check your understanding

Critical Thinking Questions

1. How does the change in mass of the object affect acceleration when the
force is constant?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. How do the force and mass affect to the amount of change in object’s
motion?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. A force F gives an acceleration of 3m/s2 to a 1kg object. If the same
force accelerates another object at 1.5m/s2, what is the mass of the
second object?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Care and concern for others

4. Why do drivers should strictly follow the speed limit when driving?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
5. A 4000kg truck is moving with a velocity of 35 m/s, while a 2500kg
vehicle is moving 65 m/s, which has a greater impact force when they
suddenly bump a post? Why?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Reminders on how to you minimize road accidents when driving.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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 Check your understanding

Critical Thinking Questions

6. How does the change in mass of the object affect acceleration when the
force is constant?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
7. How do the force and mass affect to the amount of change in object’s
motion?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
8. A force F gives an acceleration of 3m/s2 to a 1kg object. If the same
force accelerates another object at 1.5m/s2, what is the mass of the
second object?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Care and concern for others

9. Why do drivers should strictly follow the speed limit when driving?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
10. A 4000kg truck is moving with a velocity of 35 m/s, while a 2500kg
vehicle is moving 65 m/s, which has a greater impact force when they
suddenly bump a post? Why?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Reminders on how to you minimize road accidents when driving.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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 Post-Test

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter
on a separate sheet of paper.

1. If the applied force is constant, the mass and acceleration produced are

a. inversely proportional
b. directly proportional
c. unrelated
d. equal

2. If two girls will be pushed using the same amount of force, who will move
faster?
a. The fat girl
b. The thin girl
c. Both have equal acceleration.
d. Only the thin girl will move faster.
3. A body of mass m is being accelerated by a net force F. If the net force is
reduced to one-half, the mass is constant then, its acceleration is
a. halved
b. doubled
c. increased four times
d. decreased four times
4. A 2N force is applied to object A with a mass of 1kg and another 4N force
is applied the object B of the same mass, which object will move faster?
Why?
a. object A, because the force applied is smaller
b. object B, because the force applied is greater
c. both objects A & B will move fast because they have same mass
d. mass of objects A & B is the same so, they will both move slowly
5. What is the amount of force applied to an object with a mass of 2kgs, and
caused an acceleration of 2m/s2?
a. ½ m/s2
b. 1 m/s2
c. 2 m/s2
d. 4 2m/s2

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 Reflective Learning Sheet

Directions: Write at least three paragraphs about what you’ve learned from
this module.

Name: ________________________________________ Gr. And Sec. ____________

Effect of Force and Mass to the Motion of Objects

REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET No. ____
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Post-Test Pre-Test
1. a 1. a
2. b 2. a
3. a 3. b
4. b 4. d
5. d 5. b
Answer Card
References
Books:
Paul G. Hewitt et. al (2008) Conceptual Integrated Science, Philippine Edition
published by Pearson Education South Asia PTE. LTD.
Jose F. Asperilla (1990) Dynamic Physics, Phoenix Publishing House
Josefina Ll. Pabellon (1992) Science and Technology IV, SEDP Series. Printed in the
Philippines by Book Media Press, Inc.
Hideliza L. Portugal et. al (1998) Laboratory Manual and Workbook in Science and
Technology 4 (Physics), Vibal Publishing House, Inc.
Internet:
Activity 1.2 https://www.teachervision.com/newtons-laws/what-newtons-second-law-motionh
Figure 1: https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/christas_lost_lessons_newtons_laws/
Figure 2: https://thenewtonslaw.com/what-is-newtos-second-law-of-motion/
Figure 3: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/physics/chapter/4-3-newtons-second-law-of-motion-concept-
of-a-system
Figure 4:
https://mammothmemory.net/physics/newtons-laws-of-motion/newtons-second-law--examples/newtons-
second-law-examples.html
Figure 5: https://learn.parallax.com/tutorials/robot/elev-8/understanding physics-multirotor-flight/mass-and-
acceleration

For questions or comments, write or call:

Department of Education
Schools Division Office – San Juan City
Pinaglabanan St., San Juan City, Philippines 1500
Telefax: (632) 8451-2699; (632) 8251-2383
Email Address: [email protected]

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