0% found this document useful (0 votes)
16 views5 pages

11-14

The document analyzes crime rates in metropolitan cities of India, focusing on the prevalence of crimes against women. It highlights the disparity in crime rates across different states and cities, with a significant proportion of crimes occurring in urban areas. The report also discusses the challenges in identifying and addressing these crimes, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions and data collection.

Uploaded by

iminsaan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
16 views5 pages

11-14

The document analyzes crime rates in metropolitan cities of India, focusing on the prevalence of crimes against women. It highlights the disparity in crime rates across different states and cities, with a significant proportion of crimes occurring in urban areas. The report also discusses the challenges in identifying and addressing these crimes, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions and data collection.

Uploaded by

iminsaan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

$QDO\VLVRIFULPHVLQPHWURSROLWDQFLWLHVRI,QGLD 

E L J  F L W L H V   E R W K  V P D O O  D Q G  O D U J H   3XQH   $XUDQJDEDG


PHWURSROLWDQ FLWLHV KDYLQJ DQ LGHQWLFDO   0XPEDL   DQG 1DJSXU
SDWWHUQLQWHUPVRIWKHFULPHUDWH  DUHVLWXDWHGLQ0DKDUDVKWUDZKLOH
'HVSLWHDUHODWLYHO\ORZVKDUHRIFULPH DQRWKHU ¿YH LQ ¿YH GLIIHUHQW VWDWHV
DJDLQVW ZRPHQ LQ WRWDO FULPHV   6ULQDJDUZLWKDVKDUHRIRIWKHWRWDO
'HOKLFRQWULEXWHGDERXWRIFULPHVWKDW FULPHVRFFXUUHGDJDLQVWZRPHQDWWKHWRS
RFFXUUHGDJDLQVWZRPHQLQDOOPHWURSROLWDQ RIWKHOLVW,QWKHVHYHQFLWLHVWKHVKDUHRI
FLWLHV IROORZHG E\ 0XPEDL   7KH FULPH DJDLQVW ZRPHQ ZDV EHORZ  RI
ODUJHVW WZR PHWURSROLWDQ FLWLHV 'HOKL DQG WRWDOFULPH)LYHRIWKHPDUHVLWXDWHGLQWKH
0XPEDL KDYH WRJHWKHU FRQWULEXWHG PRUH VRXWKHUQVWDWHVRI.HUDODDQG7DPLO1DGX
WKDQ  RI WRWDO FULPHV WKDW RFFXUUHG )LJXUH$ 
DJDLQVWZRPHQLQDOOPHWURSROLWDQFLWLHVRI 7KH DYHUDJH UDWH RI FULPH DJDLQVW
WKHFRXQWU\LQ ZRPHQLQPHWURSROLWDQFLWLHVZDVDERXW
7KH LQWHQVLW\ RI WKH FULPH DJDLQVW SHUODNK-RGKSXU  DQG'HOKL  DUH
ZRPHQLQDSDUWLFXODUFLW\FDQEHPHDVXUHG WKH KLJKHVWUDWHG FLWLHV IROORZHG E\
WKURXJK WZR GLIIHUHQW PHWKRGV ¿UVW WKH $XUDQJDEDG  *ZDOLRU  DQG'XUJ
VKDUH RI VXFK FULPHV LQ WRWDO FULPHV DQG %KLODLQDJDU   2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG DV
VHFRQG WKH FULPH UDWH  RI WKH WRWDO PDQ\DVFLWLHVUHFRUGHGDUHODWLYHO\ORZ
PHWURSROLWDQ FULPH UHJLVWHUHG DV D FULPH UDWH SHUODNK RIFULPHDJDLQVWZRPHQ
DJDLQVW ZRPHQ $V PDQ\ DV WHQ FLWLHV DQGPRVWRIWKHPDUHVLWXDWHGLQVRXWK,QGLD
UHFRUGHGDUHODWLYHO\KLJKHUVKDUH ! RI )LJXUH% 
FULPHDJDLQVWZRPHQLQWKHLUWRWDOFULPH -RGKSXU  UHJLVWHUHGWKHKLJKHVWUDWH
)LYH RI WKHP QDPHO\ 9DVDL 9LUDU &LW\ RIFULPHDJDLQVWZRPHQZKLFKLVDWRXULVW

)LJXUH6WDWXVRIFULPHDJDLQVWZRPHQ
 5DPERRVKDQ7LZDUL

FLW\+RZHYHULWLVGLI¿FXOWWRLGHQWLI\IURP LLL  0DOHGRPLQDWHG XUEDQ VSDFHV


WKH 1&5% GDWD KRZ PDQ\ FULPHV DOZD\V SRVVHVV PXOWLSOH WKUHDWV RI
FRPPLWWHGDJDLQVWWRXULVWVDQGKRZPDQ\ VH[XDO DVVDXOWV -RGKSXU  
FULPHVFRPPLWWHGE\RXWVLGHUV,QGXVWULDO $XUDQJDEDG   DQG 'HOKL  
FLWLHV OLNH $XUDQJDEDG DQG 'XUJ UHFRUGHGDYHU\KLJKUDWHRIDVVDXOWV
%KLODLQDJDUDUHDOVRIDFLQJWKHSUREOHPRI 7ZR FDSLWDO FLWLHV 3DWQD DQG 5DQFKL
WKH KLJK FULPH UDWHV RI FULPH DJDLQVW KDYH QRW UHFRUGHG D VLQJOH FDVH RI
ZRPHQ6LPLODUO\WKHQHZHGXFDWLRQDOKXE DVVDXOW GXULQJ WKH \HDU WKDW LV TXLWH
VXFKDV-DEDOSXULQ0DGK\D3UDGHVK DKXE VXUSULVLQJ,WPD\EHGXHWRVRPHNLQG
IRU HQJLQHHULQJ HGXFDWLRQ  .RWD LQ RI HUU LQ WKH UHJLVWUDWLRQ RI FULPHV
5DMDVWKDQ FRDFKLQJ KXE  DQG 5DLSXU LQ FODVVL¿HGDVDVVDXOW$JDLQQRUWKVRXWK
&KKDWWLVJDUK HGXFDWLRQKXE DOVRKDVWKH GLIIHUHQFHV LQ WKH LQFLGHQFH UDWH RI
VDPH SUREOHP RI D KLJKHU UDWH RI FULPH DVVDXOWV DUH UHDGLO\ HYLGHQW ZKHUH
DJDLQVWZRPHQSUREDEO\GXHWRDOLHQXUEDQ QRUWKHUQ ,QGLDQ FLWLHV SODFHG KLJKHU
PLOLHXIRUWKHQHZUHVLGHQWV ZRPHQ  FRPSDULVRQWRVRXWK,QGLDQFLWLHV
7KHQDWXUHRIWKHFULPHVDJDLQVWZRPHQ LY 'HOKLZLWK LQFLGHQWVRI UDSH
LQPHWURSROLWDQFLWLHVLVFRPSOH[DQGWKH DFFRXQWV IRU PRUH WKDQ  RI WRWDO
DJJUHJDWHGDWDPD\QRWUHYHDOPDQ\IDFWV UDSH LQFLGHQWV RI PHWURSROLWDQ FLWLHV
KLGGHQ EHKLQG WKHP 'LIIHUHQW FLWLHV PD\ ZKLOH -RGKSXU   UHJLVWHUHG WKH
KDYH D GLIIHUHQW VHW RI FULPHV DJDLQVW KLJKHVWUDWHRIUDSHLQFLGHQWVIROORZHG
ZRPHQGXHWRWKHLQWULQVLFQDWXUHRIVRFLHW\ E\ 'HOKL   5DLSXU   *ZDOLRU
DQGWKHHFRQRP\LQDSDUWLFXODUFLW\6RPH  )DULGDEDG  .RWD  DQG-DLSXU
IDFWV UHODWHG WR WKH QDWXUH RI WKH FULPH   $OO WKH PHWURSROLWDQ FLWLHV RI
DJDLQVW ZRPHQ LQ PHWURSROLWDQ FLWLHV DUH 5DMDVWKDQ UHJLVWHUHG D UHODWLYHO\
GLVFXVVHGEHORZ KLJKHU UDWH RI UDSH LQFLGHQWV ZKLOH
L2XWRIFDVHVRIDFLGDWWDFNVLQDOO VRXWKHUQ ,QGLDQ FLWLHV UHFRUGHG D
PHWURSROLWDQFLWLHVDFURVVWKHFRXQWU\ UHODWLYHO\ORZUDWHRIUDSHLQFLGHQWV
ZHUHUHFRUGHGLQ'HOKLIROORZHGE\ &RQFOXVLRQ
0HHUXW  FDVHV  DQG &KHQQDL  7KH PHWURSROLWDQ FLWLHV RI ,QGLD
FDVHV  2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG LQ  UHFRUGHG D FRQVLGHUDEOH YDULDWLRQ LQ WKH
PHWURSROLWDQFLWLHVQRWDVLQJOHFDVHRI LQWHQVLW\DQGQDWXUHRIWKHFULPH'HOKLWKH
DFLGDWWDFNZDVUHJLVWHUHGLQ FDSLWDOFLW\LVWKHPRVWFULPHSURQHFLW\DV
LL 2XWRIFDVHVRIGRZU\GHDWKV DERXW  RI PHWURSROLWDQ FULPHV ZHUH
 KDYH EHHQ UHFRUGHG LQ 'HOKL UHSRUWHG LQ WKH FLW\ 7KH FLW\ KDV DOVR
IROORZHG E\ 3DWQD ZLWK  FDVHV UHFRUGHGDKLJKHUQXPEHURIYLROHQWFULPHV
3DWQD  DQG-RGKSXU  UHFRUGHG DQG FULPHV DJDLQVW ZRPHQ 7KH VWXG\
WKHKLJKHVWUDWHRIGRZU\GHDWKVDPRQJ UHYHDOV WKDW LQFLGHQWV RI FULPHV DUH
WKH PHWURSROLWDQ FLWLHV ,W LV DOVR UHODWLYHO\ KLJK LQ WKH FLWLHV RI +LQGL
REVHUYHGWKDWWKHFLWLHVORFDWHGLQWKH VSHDNLQJVWDWHVRIQRUWKDQGFHQWUDO,QGLD
*DQJD<DPXQDSODLQUHJLVWHUHGDERXW ,QWKHVHVWDWHVFULPHLVGLVSURSRUWLRQDWHO\
KDOIRIWKHFDVHVRIGRZU\GHDWKVWKDW KLJK LQ WKH PHWURSROLWDQ FLWLHV ZKLFK
RFFXUUHGLQDOOWKHPHWURSROLWDQFLWLHV UHÀHFWHGLQWKHKLJKYDOXHRIWKH&3UDWLR
GXULQJ 7KHVWXG\LQGLFDWHVWKDWLQFLGHQWVRIYLROHQW
$QDO\VLVRIFULPHVLQPHWURSROLWDQFLWLHVRI,QGLD 

FULPHV DQG FULPHV DJDLQVW ZRPHQ DUH KLJKOLJKWV WKH LPSRUWDQFH RI UHJXODU
GLVSURSRUWLRQDWHO\ FRQFHQWUDWHG LQ WKH VXUYHLOODQFH RI LGHQWL¿HG KRWVSRWV DQG
FLWLHV RI WKH +LQGL EHOW $ QRUWKVRXWK TXLFN UHVSRQVH LQ PHWURSROLWDQ FLWLHV $
GLIIHUHQFHLVDOVRHYLGHQWLQWKHLQFLGHQWV FULPHIUHH VDIH FLW\ LV WKH ULJKW RI HYHU\
DQG UDWH RI WKHVH FULPHV 6RPH RI WKH FLWL]HQ7RDFKLHYHWKHJRDORIDVXVWDLQDEOH
PHWURSROLWDQ FLWLHV RI 0DKDUDVKWUD KDYH FLW\ FULPH UHGXFWLRQ DQG WKH FUHDWLRQ RI
DOVRUHFRUGHGDKLJKUDWHRIYLROHQWFULPHV VDIH FLWLHV VKRXOG SULRULWL]H )RUWXQDWHO\
7KH QDWXUH RI WKHVH FULPHV DOVR YDULHV FULPH LV QR PRUH D QHJOHFWHG VXEMHFW LQ
VLJQL¿FDQWO\ DFURVV WKH FLWLHV 7KH SROLF\PDNLQJ7KH(DVHRI/LYLQJ,QGH[
PHWURSROLWDQFLWLHVRI.HUDODQHHGVSHFLDO (2/,  IRUPXODWHG E\ WKH 0LQLVWU\ RI
PHQWLRQ DV GHVSLWH WKH KLJK LQFLGHQWV RI 8UEDQ$IIDLUV*RYWRI,QGLDSURYLGHVGXH
FULPH DQG KLJKHU FULPH UDWH WKH VKDUH RI LPSRUWDQFH WR FULPH DV D SDUDPHWHU RI

YLROHQW FULPHV DQG FULPH DJDLQVW ZRPHQ VXVWDLQDEOH OLYLQJ  7KH IRXU W\SHV RI
ZDV UHJLVWHUHG ORZ WKHUH 8UEDQ SODQQHUV FULPHV LH YLROHQW FULPHV FULPH DJDLQVW
PDQ\ WLPHV PDQ\ QRW UHDOL]H WKDW FULPH ZRPHQFKLOGDQGHOGHUO\DUHLQFOXGHGLQ
UHGXFWLRQQHHGVDSURSHUSODQQLQJVWUDWHJ\ WKH FUHDWLRQ RI WKH (2/, 7ZR RI WKHP
)RULQVWDQFHWKHWHUP FULPH HYHQGRHVQRW YLROHQWFULPHVDQGFULPHVDJDLQVWZRPHQ
H[LVWLQWKHVPDUWFLW\SURMHFWSURSRVDORI DUHDOVRGLVFXVVHGLQWKHVWXG\7KHRQJRLQJ
WKHPHWURSROLWDQFLWLHVRI0DGK\D3UDGHVK VWXG\ LV EDVHG RQ WKH FLW\VSHFL¿F GDWD
DOWKRXJKDOORIWKHPDUHYLFWLPVRIDKLJK SXEOLVKHGE\WKH1&5%KHQFHIRUWKPD\
UDWH RI FULPH DQG FULPH DJDLQVW ZRPHQ DOVR IDFLOLWDWH WKH FRPSDULVRQ EHWZHHQ
7LZDUL   1HJOLJHQFH WRZDUGV D FULPH DQG HDVH RI OLYLQJ LQ PHWURSROLWDQ
VHQVLWLYH LVVXH OLNH FULPH LQ PHWURSROLWDQ FLWLHV
FLWLHVLVREVHUYHGLQWKHUHFHQWSXEOLFDWLRQV 5HIHUHQFHV
RI1&5%(DUOLHUWKH1&5%KDVSXEOLVKHG %HUQDVFR : DQG (OIIHUV + 
WKH FULPH GDWD RI DOO PHWURSROLWDQ FLWLHV 6WDWLVWLFDO DQDO\VLV RI VSDWLDO FULPH
DFURVV WKH FRXQWU\ KRZHYHU VLQFH  GDWD +DQGERRN RI TXDQWLWDWLYH
GDWD DUH FRQ¿QHG WR VHOHFWHG FLWLHV VL]H FULPLQRORJ\6SULQJHU1HZ<RUN1<
DERYHPLOOLRQ ,WLVPHQWLRQHGLQWKH SS
V W X G \  W K D W  P D Q \  U H O D W L Y H O \  V P D O O 'DPED]DX $ %  7KH 1LJHULDQ
PHWURSROLWDQ FLWLHV KDYH UHFRUGHG D KLJK S R O L F H  D Q G  F U L P H  S UH Y H Q W L R Q 
UDWH RI FULPH EXW DIWHU WKH VHOHFWLYH &ULPLQRORJ\ DQG FULPLQDO MXVWLFH
SXEOLFDWLRQ RI GDWD WKH ZKROH GLVFXVVLRQ 1LJHULDQ.DGXQD
RQ XUEDQ FULPH LV VKLIWHG WRZDUGV ELJJHU
GH0HOR610DWLDV/) $QGUHVHQ
FLWLHV
0$&ULPHFRQFHQWUDWLRQVDQG
0DQ\ FULPHV DUH VSDWLDO WKHUHIRUH VLPLODULWLHVLQVSDWLDOFULPHSDWWHUQVLQD
LGHQWL¿FDWLRQRI FULPLQDOKRWVSRWV LQRXU %UD]LOLDQFRQWH[W$SSOLHG*HRJUDSK\
PHWURSROLWDQ FLWLHV LV XUJHQWO\ UHTXLUHG SS
7KH DFWLYH VXUYHLOODQFH RI WKHVH KRWVSRWV
DQGTXLFNUHVSRQVHDIWHUWKHRFFXUUHQFHRI 'XUNKHLP (  6XLFLGH $ VWXG\ LQ
FULPHZLOOEHDVLJQL¿FDQWVWHSWRFRQWURO V R F L R O R J \  - $ 6 S D X O G L Q J   * 
WKHFULPH$UHFHQWO\UHSRUWHGLQFLGHQWRI 6LPSVRQ WUDQV  *OHQFRH ,/ )UHH
JDQJ UDSH DQG PXUGHU LQ +\GHUDEDG 3UHVV 2ULJLQDOZRUNSXEOLVKHG 
 5DPERRVKDQ7LZDUL

'XWW$. 9HQXJRSDO*6SDWLDO 0 (   +RW VSRWV RI SUHGDWRU\


SDWWHUQVRIFULPHDPRQJ,QGLDQFLWLHV FULPH 5RXWLQH DFWLYLWLHV DQG WKH
*HRIRUXP  SS FULPLQRORJ\ RI SODFH &ULPLQRORJ\
)LQGOD\ 0  7KH JOREDOL]DWLRQ RI   SS
FULPH XQGHUVWDQGLQJ WUDQVLWLRQDO 6PLWK6-)HDURIFULPHEH\RQG
UHODWLRQVKLSV LQ FRQWH[W &DPEULGJH WKHJHRJUDSK\RIGHYLDQFH3URJUHVVLQ
8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV +XPDQ*HRJUDSK\  SS
*KDQL=$$FRPSDUDWLYHVWXG\RI 6 R K   0   %   &          & U L P H  D Q G
XUEDQ FULPH EHWZHHQ 0DOD\VLD DQG XUEDQL]DWLRQ 5HYLVLWHG 0DOD\VLDQ
1 L J H U L D   - R X U Q D O  R I  8 U E D Q FDVH 3URFHGLD6RFLDO DQG %HKDYLRUDO
0DQDJHPHQW  SS 6FLHQFHVSS
+DTXH, 3DWHO33*URZWKRI 7LZDUL 5  &ULPH LQ 0HWURSROLWDQ
PHWUR FLWLHV LQ ,QGLD WUHQGV SDWWHUQV &LWLHV RI 0DGK\D 3UDGHVK 8UEDQ
DQG GHWHUPLQDQWV 8UEDQ 5HVHDUFK  3DQRUDPD  SS
3UDFWLFH  SS 81 3RSXODWLRQ 'LYLVLRQ  :RUOG
+LPDELQGX%/$URUD5 3UDVKDQWK 8UEDQL]DWLRQ 3URVSHFWV 7KH 
1 6  :KRVH SUREOHP LV LW 5HYLVLRQ+LJKOLJKWV
DQ\ZD\" &ULPHV DJDLQVW ZRPHQ LQ 9HQNDWHVZDUOX 8  8UEDQLVDWLRQ LQ
,QGLD *OREDO KHDOWK DFWLRQ    ,QGLD 3UREOHPV DQG SURVSHFWV 1HZ
 $JH,QWHUQDWLRQDO/LPLWHG3XEOLVKHUV
.RVNHOD+&ULPH)HDURI&ULPH,Q :DQJ''LQJ:/R+6WHSLQVNL7
5 .LWFKHQ  1 7KULIW HG  6DOD]DU -  0RUDELWR 0 
,QWHUQDWLRQDO(QF\FORSHGLDRI+XPDQ &ULPH KRWVSRW PDSSLQJ XVLQJ WKH
*HRJUDSK\ )LUVWHG9RO (OVHYLHU FULPHUHODWHG IDFWRUV²D VSDWLDO GDWD
SS PLQLQJDSSURDFK$SSOLHG,QWHOOLJHQFH
0RRPDZ 5 /  6KDWWHU$ 0    SS
8 U E D Q L ] D W L R Q  D Q G  H F R Q R P L F :DWWV &  =LPPHUPDQ & 
GHYHORSPHQW D ELDV WRZDUG ODUJH 9LROHQFHDJDLQVWZRPHQJOREDOVFRSH
FLWLHV" -RXUQDO RI 8UEDQ (FRQRPLFV DQGPDJQLWXGH7KH/DQFHW  
  SS SS
1&5%  &ULPH LQ ,QGLD  :HLVEXUG'*URII(5 <DQJ60
6WDWLVWLFV1HZ'HOKL1DWLRQDO&ULPH 7KHFULPLQRORJ\RISODFH6WUHHW
5HFRUG%XUHDX VHJPHQWVDQGRXUXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIWKH
3DLQ53ODFHVRFLDOUHODWLRQVDQG FULPH SUREOHP 2[IRUG 8QLYHUVLW\
WKHIHDURIFULPHDUHYLHZ3URJUHVVLQ 3UHVV
KXPDQJHRJUDSK\  SS :ROIJDQJ 0 )LJOLR 5  6HOOLQ 7
3DLQ56SDFHVH[XDOYLROHQFHDQG 'HOLQTXHQF\LQD%LUWK&RKRUW
VRFLDOFRQWUROLQWHJUDWLQJJHRJUDSKLFDO &KLFDJR8QLY
DQGIHPLQLVWDQDO\VHVRIZRPHQ VIHDU =KDQJ;47KHWUHQGVSURPLVHV
R I  F U L P H   3 UR J UH V V  L Q  + X P D Q DQG FKDOOHQJHV RI XUEDQLVDWLRQ LQ WKH
*HRJUDSK\SS± ZRUOG +DELWDW LQWHUQDWLRQDO  SS
6KHUPDQ/:*DUWLQ35 %XHUJHU 
$QDO\VLVRIFULPHVLQPHWURSROLWDQFLWLHVRI,QGLD 

KWWSVZZZXQRUJSJDZSFRQWHQW KWWSFHQVXVLQGLDJRYLQFHQVXV$
XSORDGVVLWHVBRXWF B9LOO1RWHB$B9LOODJHVB3RSXODWLRQ
WK
RPHGRFXPHQWRI6XPPLWIRU SGI UHWULHYHGRQ 0D\
D G R S W L R Q  R I  W K H  S R V W       KWWSVVPDUWQHWQLXDRUJHROSGI(2/
GHYHORSPHQWDJHQGDSGI UHWULHYHGRQ      & R P S O H W H G  9 H U V L R Q  S G I
QG
 0DUFK UHWULHYHGRQWK0D\
KWWSVZZZFHQVXVFRLQVWDWHVSKS
WK
UHWULHYHGRQ )HEUXDU\

You might also like