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Module 2 Historical Sources 2024

The document discusses the importance of primary and secondary historical sources in research, emphasizing the need for scrutiny to ensure credibility due to the prevalence of fake news. It outlines methods of external and internal criticism to verify the authenticity and truthfulness of historical evidence. Additionally, it highlights notable cases of forgery in Philippine historiography, underscoring the historian's responsibility to select relevant sources for accurate historical understanding.

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4 views

Module 2 Historical Sources 2024

The document discusses the importance of primary and secondary historical sources in research, emphasizing the need for scrutiny to ensure credibility due to the prevalence of fake news. It outlines methods of external and internal criticism to verify the authenticity and truthfulness of historical evidence. Additionally, it highlights notable cases of forgery in Philippine historiography, underscoring the historian's responsibility to select relevant sources for accurate historical understanding.

Uploaded by

cjdiety
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MODULE 2: HISTORICAL SOURCES

In conducting any historical research,


different sources of information are
required to gain extensive knowledge
on a particular topic.

Some researchers rely on written


sources while other choose to make use
of oral sources.
In general historical sources can be classified
between Primary and Secondary sources.

PRIMARY SOURCE

Are those produced at the same time as the


event, period or subject being studied.
SECONDARY SOURCE

Those sources used by the author who


used primary sources to produce the
materials.
EXAMPLE OF PRIMARY SOURCE

Photographs that may reflect social


conditions of historical realities and
everyday life
Old sketches and drawings that may indicate the conditions of life of
societies in the past.
Cartoons for political expression or propaganda
Material evidence of prehistoric past like cave, drawings, old syllabaries
and charts
Statistical tables, graphs and charts
Oral history or recordings by electronic means of accounts of eyewitness
or participants; the recordings are then transcribed and used for research/
In this day and age, the proliferation of
fake news is evident in both print and
digital media platforms.

It becomes more apparent that sources of


texts should be scrutinized for their
credibility.

The historian’s most important research


tools are historical sources.
Both primary and secondary sources are
useful in writing and learning history.
However, historians and students of
history need to thoroughly scrutinize
these historical sources to avoid
deception and to come up with historical
truth
Cases of forgery and mislabeling are
common in Philippine historiography.

One example is the discover of Ambeth


Ocampo of the alleged draft of Rizal’s third
novel , the MAKAMISA

The stacks of writings was labeled


Borrador Del Noli Me Tangere
The story of Roman Roque who allegedly forged the signature of Gen.
Urbano Lacuna that led to the captivity of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo
Historian should be able to
conduct an external and internal
criticism of the source. especially
of the sources which can age in
centuries
EXTERNAL CRITICISM
The practice of verifying the authenticity of
the evidence by examining its physical
characteristics

Consistency with the historical


characteristics of the time when it was
produced and the materials used for the
evidence .
Type of ink

Language used
INTERNAL CRITICISM

The examination of the truthfulness of


evidence by looking at the author of the
source.

It looks at the content of the source and


examines the circumstances of its production
Looks at truthfulness and factuality of the
evidence by looking at the author of the
source, its context, the agenda behind of its
creation, the knowledge which informed it
and intended purposes
One of the scandalous cases of deception in
the Philippine history is the hoax Code of
Kalantiaw

The document was sold to the national


Library and was regarded as an important
precolonial document until 1968
Ferdinand Marcos also claimed that he was a
decorated World War II soldier who led a
guerilla unit called “Ang Maharlika”

This was widely believed by students of


history and Marcos had war medals to show
This claim was disproven
when historian
counterchecked Marcos’s
claim with the war records of
the United States
These cases prove how deceptions can propagate without rigorous
historical research.

The task of the historians is to look at the available historical


sources and select the most relevant and meaningful for history
and for the subject matter that he is studying.
NEXT LESSON MODULE 3 :
MGA GUNITA NG
HIMAGSIKAN
(EMILIO AGUINALDO)

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