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1RECYCLING-TRAINING

The document provides an extensive overview of textile recycling, including its processes, benefits, and the environmental impact of textile waste. It discusses the importance of recycling in reducing landfill waste, conserving resources, and the various technologies involved in recycling textiles. Additionally, it highlights the risks associated with recycling processes and the types of materials that can be recycled.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
9 views

1RECYCLING-TRAINING

The document provides an extensive overview of textile recycling, including its processes, benefits, and the environmental impact of textile waste. It discusses the importance of recycling in reducing landfill waste, conserving resources, and the various technologies involved in recycling textiles. Additionally, it highlights the risks associated with recycling processes and the types of materials that can be recycled.

Uploaded by

vickey006
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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 Facts on Textile Recycling
 Recycling and Textile Recycling
 Why Recycling is getting importance  Sustainable Textile Manufacturing Pyramid
 Advantages of Recycling  Principle of Recycling-friendly Textile items
 Recycling Symbols and its meaning construction
 Types of Recycling Technologies  Production Flowchart of
 Basic Recycling Process  Plastic Recycling
 What Materials are in Recycle Practice  Clothing Recycling
 Understanding Risk and Basic Control Measures  Carpet Recycling
 Basics on Textile Materials  Different separation methods for polycotton
 Textile Manufacturing Process & its generated blend
waste  Pyramid Model- sorting categories of textile
 Recycling Pathways for Textile Fibrous Waste recycling
 Textile Production Processes with Recycling  Textile Recycling Social System Model
Options  Textile Waste from different Processes
 Textile Manufacturing Path Upgradation  Recycling code for plastic industry
+++02$#(&$!0#$
Sequence

   

 Textile waste is composed of a complex matrix of materials


 Cotton cultivation accounts only 2.5% agriculture land but account for 25% of global pesticides
used
 Average clothing consumption 13kg/capita in 2018 whereas 10 kg/capita in 2010
 72 per cent of the plastic waste is not recycled
 95 percent of all textile wastes that are in landfills are recyclable
 Recycled products don't require any dye, chemical and almost no water
 The recycled yarn is 15-30 percent cheaper than the virgin yarn made from cotton
 The production of new textiles generates approximately 15 kg of CO2 per kilo textile produced
 Recycling plastic bottles takes 8 times less energy than to produce an equivalent amount of new
ones
 The recycling processes of textile fibers which are performed today are mainly down-cycling
 Cotton, Polyester and Nylon decompose time 1-year, 20-year and 30-year respectively

+++02$#(&$!0#$

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85% Disposed Textile Material 15% Collected Textile Material

biodegrade
Water use
Land use generate
releases
methane toxic acid

Chemical use

Reuse Recycle
7% mainly 8% recycled and
reused as second- converted
Energy use hand clothes

+++02$#(&$!0#$

  


998

98=
 
988
 
A=

A8

@=

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-#((&' $(($#&' :89< :89= :89> :89? :89@
$$'!!)!$'& $$!&'
(&()&!&' Fiber Production 2014-2018 in mn tons

Fiber Production in 2018 was 106 mn tons $)&/ #.# &$)%


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What is Recycling?
 Recycling is processing/action used to convert waste materials into Recycled
Content/Materials or useful products.
Again, as per ISO 14021, Only pre-consumer and post-consumer materials shall be considered as Recycled
Content

Pre-consumer material: Post-consumer material:


Material diverted from the waste
Material generated by households or
stream during a manufacturing
by commercial, industrial and
process. Excluded is reutilization of
institutional facilities in their role as
materials such as rework, regrind or
end-users of the product, which can
scrap generated in a process and
no longer be used for its intended
capable of being reclaimed within the
purpose.
same process that generated it


Textile Recycling A process to recover/collect textile pre and post-consumer


materials for reuse or material recovery
+++02$#(&$!0#$

Textile Waste

Non-hazardous  Safe to use commercially, industrially, agriculturally


waste or economically
Textile Waste
Hazardous  Unsafe to use commercially, industrially, agriculturally
effects based on Human waste or economically
Health and Environment

corrosive ignitable toxic reactive infectious

cause damage on catch fire easily like poisonous to with other substances causing or communicating
contact, e.g. acid benzene humans when infection
inhaled or ingested,
or come in contact
with skin
+++02$#(&$!0#$

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Why Recycling?
In 1972 in the research finding title as
“The Limits to Growth” by a group of
scientists and environmentalists use
computer simulation considering
exponential growth of economics and
population against natural resources.
Finding conclusion was in the
beginning of twenty second century,
there will be no resource left to use for
the huge population

+++02$#(&$!0#$

Advantages of Recyling

Environmental Advantages Social Advantages Economic Advantages

 Save use of virgin raw materials  Create job opportunities  Generates income
 Decreases landfill  Save money  Reduces overall waste
 Reduced consumption of energy  Get tax deductions management costs
and water
 Pollution avoidance (water, air, land)

Is there any risk from Recycling Process?

 Health & safety hazards to people working in  Some recycling process is more energy intensive
recycling processes  Some recycling generated gases are more hazardous
 Production costs of reusable products
 Additional vehicles cost for collection materials

+++02$#(&$!0#$

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Recycling Symbols’ Message


The universal recycling symbols for are actually
Mobius loops comprising three changing arrows
used to form a triangle, such as the one seen below When a percentage is indicated within
the symbol, such as the symbols below,
it means that the particular percentage
of the product has been made from
recycled materials.

these two symbols are often


used interchangeably. white-on-black version is often used for 100%
recycled materials, while the black-on-white
Mobius loop, either white version is often for products containing both
with black outline or solid recycled and non-recycled materials
black (mono color) +++02$#(&$!0#$

Recycling technologies are divided into

 involve recycling a product into its original form or equal


Primary approach value as the waste
Recycling technologies

 mechanical processing of post-consumer products.


Secondary approach Mechanical recycling is possible for thermoplastic polymers
that can be melted and re-extruded, such as polyester and
nylon
 chemical recycling in which the polymers are fully or partly
Tertiary approach depolymerized

Quaternary approach  energy recovery which aims to recover the energy content
of the fiber
+++02$#(&$!0#$

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Basic Recycling Process

Collection of Recyclables
The third step Purchasing method may vary from industry
involves purchasing Collection of
Recycled to industry. However, there are
recycled products. Recyclables four main methods of collection:
This third step
Product
 curbside
completes the  drop-off centers
recycling loop. Recycling Process  buy-back centers
 deposit/refund programs.

Processing the
Recyclables
In the second step, the recyclables are processed. Once cleaned and sorted, the
recyclables are processed to retrieve the raw materials, All recyclables need to
broken down, melted or liquefied into its basic elements, before it can be either
made directly into new materials or mixed with virgin resources and made into new
materials. +++02$#(&$!0#$

What Materials are in Recycling Practice?

+++02$#(&$!0#$

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Understanding Risk and Basic Control Measures


The potential to harm The possibility that harm in certain
people; such as Cotton circumstances, i.e, environment
material is flammable Basic Control Measures
and or people.
Risk is a function of Hazard x
Exposure  Segregation Control
 Documentation Control
Hazard Materials Risk  Awareness (administrative
(Textiles)
Control)
Aspect Impact  Engineering Control
Element of activity, product or Change which takes place in
service which can have a the environment as a result
beneficial (+) or adverse (-) effect of the aspect, either positive
on the environment or negative

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Types of Hazards- in Recyclables


Hazard
Category

Biological Chemical
Bacteria Adhesive
Virus Dyes
Insects Chemical
Fluff
Dust

Risk Risk
Das Inhalation
Irritation Dermal contact
Acute Diseases
Chronic Diseases

+++02$#(&$!0$" 9>

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Textile Materials

Textile Fibers Textile Yarns Textile Fabrics Textile Garments


 Fabric made of Natural  Apparel made of Natural
 Yarn from Natural Fibers
 Natural Fibers Textile materials Textile materials
 Yarn from Man-made  Fabric made of Man-made
 Man-made Fibers  Apparel made of Man-
Fibers
 Regenerated Fibers Textile materials made Textile materials
 Yarn from blend of natural  Fabric made of blend of
& man-made fibers  Apparel made of blend of
natural & man-made Textile natural & man-made Textile
 Yarn from Regenerated Materials
O
Organic Man-made Fibers Fibers Materials
--Organic Cotton, -Corn/soya bean  Fabric made of  Apparel made of
 Yarn from blend of Regenerated Textile
--Wool, Silk, -Pineapple
regenerated and natural Regenerated Textile
--Hemp, Remie, -Milk weed Materials Materials
--Jute Fiber  Fabric made of blend of
 Yarn from blend of  Apparel made of blend of
Sustainable Fibers regenerated and natural
regenerated and man- regenerated and natural
--Recycled Fibers Natural Fibers Textile Materials Textile Materials
made fibers  Fabric made of blend of
--Recycled cotton -Natural Colored  Apparel made of blend of
--Recycled cotton regenerated and man- regenerated and man-
Polyester made textile materials made textile materials
+++02$#(&$!0#$

Textile Manufacturing Fundamental Sequences

Textile Yarns Textile Fabric Processing Textile Garments


Warp Weft Singeing
Blow-room Preparation Preparation (smooth fabric surface) Spreading
(lap formation) (fabric lays)

Winding Winding Desizing


Carding (cleaned yarn) (cleaned yarn) (fabric free of sized) Cutting
(carded sliver) (patterns)

Warping Scouring
Drawing (parallel Yarns) (Fabric free from fat/wax) Sorting
(pattern bundle as per size)
(drawn sliver)

Sizing Bleaching
(color free fabric) Sewing
Combing (sized Warp) (sewn garments
(combed lap)
Mercerizing
Drawing-in Yarn Conditioning (bright fabric surface) Finishing
Roving (heald eyes) (strengthen yarns) (garments as per quality

(accentuated sliver)
Dyeing
(color fabric)
Ring Spinning Weaving
(ring Yarn) (woven fabric) Pre-consumer waste
Finishing
(fabric as per quality) from Textile Process
'%"(). )"&%. +++02$#(&$!0#$)"*. )"+.

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Pre-consumer Post-consumer
waste waste

Fibrous Waste

Collect and Sort

Reuse Recycle Dispose

Mechanical Chemical
Energy Recovery
Recycling Recycling

Recycling Pathways for Textile Fibrous Waste


+++02$#(&$!0#$

Raw Materials
Monomer
Fiber Production Oligomer
Polymer
Recycling Bottles

Yarn Production
Fiber
Recycling
Fabric, Fiber
Fabric Production Recycling Rags, Blankets, Insulation

Garment
Renting, Production Fabric
Trading Recycling Heat or Electricity
Burning
Retailer
Swapping,
Borrowing,
Inheriting
End Users

Textile Production Processes with Recycling Options


+++02$#(&$!0#$

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2020
2010 Focus on Reduce, Reuse &
Sustainable Manufacturing
Recycle. Recovery,
Redesign, Reengineering
2000 Green Manufacturing
Focus on Reduce, Reuse &
Recycle

1990 Lean Manufacturing Focus on Waste Reduction

1980 Traditional Manufacturing Focus on Quality & Quantity

Textile Manufacturing Path Upgradation Sequence


+++02$#(&$!0#$

Reengineering

Redesign

Recovery

Recycle

Reuse

Reduce

   !


+++02$#(&$!0#$

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Increase of environmental & recycling Friendly Construction


Multi- Material
!#$$(($#+(%$!-'(&
Composite System
with permanent
fixed connection

Multi- Material Composite System !#$$(($#+(*'$'


with compatible materials
('$#'&
Multi-material composite system with $(($#("+(!(&$#
detachable connection )#($#'

('$#'&
Single Material Composite System &#!#

('$#'&
Single Material $(($#("'

Principle of Recycling-friendly Textile items construction


+++02$#(&$!0#$

Production Flow Chart of Plastic Recycling

Plastic Sorting Baling


Collection Storage
Waste (identification) (optional)

Agglomerating Shredding Cutting Drying Wasting

Further injection moulding, blow


Extruding Pelletizing
Processing moulding, film blowing

Finished
Product
+++02$#(&$!0#$

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Production Flow Chart of Plastic Recycling

Collection of Recyclable Plastics Recyclable Plastics Bale

+++02$#(&$!0#$
Textile Yarn Extrusion Recyclable Plastics Shredding

Production Flow Chart Clothing to Fibers

Collection of Clothing Sorting of Clothing


Shredding of Clothing

Recycled Fibers Shredded piece to fiber extractor


+++02$#(&$!0#$
(carding action)

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Textile Recycling (Carpet)

+++02$#(&$!0#$

Acidic

Hydrolysis Alkaline PTC


assisted
Glycolysis Neutral
Depolymerize
Alkoholysis get monomers turn
Dissolution of
Polyester into polymers
(sulfone solvent ) Methanolysis

Cotton/Polyester Dissolve as DMSO Phenol get polymers to formulate yarn


Blend polymer Nitrobenzene
get glucose monomers
Dissolution of Depolymerize Acidic hydrolysis used for fermentation
Cellulose into biofuels
(sulfuric acid)
Ionic Liquids
to regenerate
Dissolve as viscose and
polymer lyocell
NMMO
+++02$#(&$!0#$
Different separation methods for polycotton blends.

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"$#' include couture clothing and accessories


392:D4

#!!5 ##&($#
3?D4

Clothing that has seen the end of its useful life as


%##$!'#!$('
such may be turned into wiping or polishing cloths
39?D4
for home uses & industrial use
such as stuffing, automotive
components, carpet underlays, building
materials such as insulation and $#*&'$#($#+%&$)('
roofing felt, and low-end blanket 3:AD4

'!$(# & (' ,%$&(($!'(*!$%#


3<@D4 $)#(&'#&#$)#(&'

Pyramid Model- sorting categories of textile recycling


+++02$#(&$!0#$

Demand Supply
Individuals  #
Negotiation with Negotiation with    
self others  
 Motivation  Social Value
 Personal Value  Social influence  Ideas
 Textile Recycling business
 Personality  Attitudes
 Charitable Organization
 Brokers  Behaviours
 Policy Makers  Social Organization
 Manufacturers  Level of technology
 Municipal Solid waste  Beliefs
management  Institutions

Situational Factors
(Economic, Legal/Political. Technological, Competition, Infrastructure)

Textile Recycling Social System Model


+++02$#(&$!0#$

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Textile Waste from different Processes

Aspects Aspects
Process Emission Liquid Waste Solid wastes Impact Process Emission Liquid Waste Solid wastes Impact
Yarn Little or none Little or none  Package Scouring VOC gases Contaminated None
Manufacturi wastes with scouring
ng  Fiber Wastes materials
 Cleaning Bleaching None Contaminated None
wastes with bleaching
 Processing materials
wastes Mercerising None or little Contaminated None
Slashing/sizi VOCs Contaminated  Fiber lint with
ng with sizing  Yarn waste mercerising
chemicals  Size materials
materials Heat Seating VOC gases None None
Weaving Little or none None  Fluff or dust Dyeing VOC gases Contaminated Little or none
 Yarn waste with dyeing
Knitting Little or none None  Packaging components
waste Printing VOC gases Contaminated None of little
 Fabric scrap with printing
 Yarn jhute components
Singeing CO2 gas and None Little or none Finishing VOC gases Contaminated Fabric scraps,
heat with finishing trimings,
Desizing VOC gases Contaminated  Fiber lint materials packaging
with size  wasters
+++02$#(&$!0#$
chemicals

Recycling codes for Plastic Industry

#1 – Polyethylene #4 – Low Density


#3 – Polyvinyl
Terephthalate #2 – High Density Polyethylene
Chloride
The easiest plastic to Polyethylene Bottles you can squeeze
Found in shampoo
recycle and most This kind of plastic is like shampoo or
bottles, medical plastics,
commonly found in plastic usually colored or opaque condiment bottles are
some toys (including
water/soda bottles and and can be found in milk made from LDPE. A lot of
dog) and window trim,
some food packaging. jugs and detergent or recycling centers do not
this plastic is typically not
PETE is commonly household cleaner bottles. accept LDPE. LDPE can
used for household items
recycled into fibers or HDPE can easily be be recycled into more
that can be consumed as
polar fleece. It is not recycled into plastic bags or trash liners and
it can contain
recommended for reuse lumber, more bottles or floor tiles
phthalates. PVC is
which means it ends up in drainage pipes and is
usually recycled into
the recycling stream considered one of the safest
paneling, flooring, cables
quickly. forms of plastic. +++02$#(&$!0#$
and decks

$#(&$!2,(!&##5$#')!(# 9>
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Recycling codes for Plastic Industry

#5 – Polypropylene #7 – BPA, Lexan etc.


#6 – Polystyrene
PP is durable and This is a mixed bag of plastics. It
Commonly referred to as
versatile. This is usually 'styrofoam' this is the one includes things like baby bottles
found in medical bottles, kind of plastic that used to and 5 gallon water jugs.
yogurt tubs, cereal box make up Dunkin' cups (for
liners, bottle caps, some hot liquids), meat trays,
ropes and condiment bottles. packing peanuts and egg
PP can be recycled into cartons.
brushes, battery cases and
bike racks.

+++02$#(&$!0#$

Different terminologies used for plastics recycling and recovery

ASTM D5033-00 ISO 15270:2008 Other equivalent terms


Primary recycling Mechanical recycling Closed-loop recycling
Secondary recycling Mechanical recycling Downgrading / upgrading
Tertiary recycling Chemical recycling Feedstock recycling
Quaternary recycling Energy recovery Valorization

Effective Recycling can be enhanced by:


 Legislation
 Commitment to Recycling
 Finace
 Recyclability with a global guideline for design,
 Standardization of collection and the separate sorting,
 To ban all plastic waste from Landfill,
+++02$#(&$!0#$
 To support further innovation in mechanical recycling,

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AAA Control
Textile Training & Consulting
House# 32/1, Road# 03, Shamoly, Dhaka, Bangladesh
www.aaa-control.info, www.facbook.com/aaa.control
[email protected], +8801883891867

+++02$#(&$!0$" ;=

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ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚŝĞƐǁŝƚŚŝŶĨĂĐŝůŝƚLJ
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tĂƐƚĞǁĂƚĞƌĐĂŶŐĞŶĞƌĂůůLJďĞĐůĂƐƐŝĨŝĞĚĂƐŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞ
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‡ WƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐ͕ůƵďƌŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ͕ĐŽŽůŝŶŐ͕
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ŵĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞ͕ĐůĞĂŶŝŶŐƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶŵĂĐŚŝŶĞƐ͕
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tĂƐƚĞǁĂƚĞƌYƵĂůŝƚLJͲ ^ĂŵƉůŝŶŐĂŶĚŶĂůLJƐŝƐ
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ƚŝŵĞ
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‡ ŽŵƉŽƐŝƚĞ^ĂŵƉůĞƐ
‡ ŽŵƉŽƐĞĚŽĨŵƵůƚŝƉůĞŐƌĂďƐĂŵƉůĞƐƚĂŬĞŶĂƚƌĞŐƵůĂƌŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůƐ;ŝ͘Ğ͘ĞǀĞƌLJ
ŚŽƵƌͿŽƌŽĨƐĂŵƉůĞƐƚĂŬĞŶƵƐŝŶŐĂŶĂƵƚŽŵĂƚŝĐĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƚĞƐĂŵƉůĞƌƚŚĂƚ
ĐŽŵďŝŶĞƐƐĂŵƉůĞƐĨŽƌĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ
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;ŝ͘Ğ͘ϲͲϴŚƌƐͿ
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ŚĞŵŝĐĂůDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ
ŚĞŵŝĐĂůDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ^LJƐƚĞŵŝƐĂƉƌŽĐĞƐƐƚŚĂƚĞŶƐƵƌĞƐƉƌŽƉĞƌ
ĐŽŵƉůŝĂŶĐĞǁŝƚŚƐĂĨĞƚLJ͕ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůĂŶĚĨŽŽĚƐĂĨĞƚLJƉŽůŝĐLJ͘
dŚĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐ͗
‡ ĐŽŵƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝǀĞĐŚĞŵŝĐĂůŝŶǀĞŶƚŽƌLJ͕
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‡ KŶͲƐŝƚĞĐŚĞŵŝĐĂůŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ
‡ WƌŽƉĞƌǁĂƐƚĞĚŝƐƉŽƐĂů͘
dŚĂŶŬzŽƵ

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