Q1.Which one of the following electronic configurations is that of a transition element?

A [Ar] 4s23d10

B [Ar] 4s23d9

C [A] 4s23d0

D [Ar] 4s23d104p1
(Total 1 mark)

Q2.Which of the species given below can behave as ligands?

NH NH3 NH

A all three

B only NH3

C NH3 and NH

D NH and NH3
(Total 1 mark)

Q3.(a) A co-ordinate bond is formed when a transition metal ion reacts with a ligand.

Explain how this co-ordinate bond is formed.

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(2)

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(b) Describe what you would observe when dilute aqueous ammonia is added
dropwise, to excess, to an aqueous solution containing copper(II) ions. Write
equations for the reactions that
occur. ........................................................................................................................

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(4)

(c) When the complex ion [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+ reacts with 1,2-diaminoethane, the
ammonia molecules but not the water molecules are replaced.

Write an equation for this reaction.

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(1)

(d) Suggest why the enthalpy change for the reaction in part (c) is approximately zero.

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(2)

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(e) Explain why the reaction in part (c) occurs despite having an enthalpy change that is
approximately zero.

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(2)
(Total 11 marks)

Q4.

Summarised directions for recording responses to multiple completion questions

A B C D
(i), (ii) and (iii) (i) and (iii) only (ii) and (iv) only (iv) alone
only

In which of the following conversions is the copper reduced?

(i) [Cu(H2O)6]2+ → [CuCl4]2−

(ii) [Cu(H2O)6]2+ → Cu(H2O)4(OH)2

(iii) Cu → CuCl2

(iv) [Cu(H2O)6]2+ → CuCl

(Total 1 mark)

Q5.Solid iron(II) ethanedioate dihydrate (FeC O .2H O) has a polymeric structure. Two
2 4 2

repeating units in the polymer chain are shown.

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Each iron ion is also
bonded to two water
molecules. These are
not shown in the
diagram.

(a) Name the type of bond that is represented by the arrows.

........................................................................................................................
(1)

(b) In terms of electrons explain how the water molecules, not shown in the diagram,
form bonds to the
iron. ........................................................................................................................
(2)

(c) Predict the value of the bond angle between the two bonds to iron that are formed
by these two water molecules.

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(1)

(d) Iron(II) ethanedioate dihydrate can be analysed by titration using potassium

manganate(VII) in acidic solution. In this reaction, manganate(VII) ions oxidise
iron(II) ions and ethanedioate ions.

A 1.381 g sample of impure FeC O .2H O was dissolved in an excess of dilute

2 4 2

sulfuric acid and made up to 250 cm of solution. 3

25.0 cm of this solution decolourised 22.35 cm of a 0.0193 mol dm solution of

3 3 –3

potassium manganate(VII).

(i) Use the half-equations given below to calculate the reacting ratio of moles of
manganate(VII) ions to moles of iron(II) ethanedioate.

MnO + 8H + 5e
4
– + –
Mn + 4H O
2+
2

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Fe 2+
Fe + e 3+ –

CO 2 4
2–
2CO + 2e 2
–

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(1)

(ii) Calculate the percentage by mass of FeC O .2H O in the original sample.
2 4 2

(If you have been unable to answer part (d)(i) you may assume that three
moles of manganate(VII) ions react with seven moles of iron(II) ethanedioate.
This is not the correct ratio.)

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(5)
(Total 10 marks)

Q6. Transition metal ions can act as homogeneous catalysts in redox reactions. For
example, iron(II) ions catalyse the reaction between peroxodisulfate (S O ) ions and 2 8
2–

iodide ions.

(a) State the meaning of the term homogeneous.

......................................................................................................................
(1)

(b) Suggest why ions from s block elements do not usually act as catalysts.

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(1)

(c) Write an equation for the overall reaction that occurs, in aqueous solution, between
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 S O ions and I ions.
2 8
2– –

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(1)

(d) Give one reason why, in the absence of a catalyst, the activation energy for the
reaction between S O ions and I ions is high.
2 8
2– –

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(1)

(e) Write two equations to show how Fe ions can catalyse the reaction between S O
2+
2 8
2–

ions and I ions. Suggest one reason why the activation energy for each of these
–

reactions is low.

Equation 1 ...................................................................................................

Equation 2 ...................................................................................................

Reason ........................................................................................................

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(3)

(f) Explain why Fe ions are as effective as Fe ions in catalysing this reaction.
3+ 2+

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(1)
(Total 8 marks)

Q7.Due to their electron arrangements, transition metals have characteristic properties including
catalytic action and the formation of complexes with different shapes.

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(a) Give two other characteristic properties of transition metals. For each
property,illustrate your answer with a transition metal of your
choice. ........................................................................................................................

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(4)

(b) Other than octahedral, there are several different shapes shown by transition metal
complexes. Name three of these shapes and for each one give the formula of a
complex with that shape.

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(6)

(c) It is possible for Group 2 metal ions to form complexes. For example, the [Ca(H 2O)6]2+
ion in hard water reacts with EDTA4– ions to form a complex ion in a similar manner
to hydrated transition metal ions. This reaction can be used in a titration to measure
the concentration of calcium ions in hard water.

(i) Write an equation for the equilibrium that is established when hydrated calcium
ions react with EDTA4– ions.

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(1)

(ii) Explain why the equilibrium in part (c)(i) is displaced almost completely to the
right to form the EDTA complex.

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(3)

(iii) In a titration, 6.25 cm3 of a 0.0532 mol dm–3 solution of EDTA reacted
completely with the calcium ions in a 150 cm3 sample of a saturated solution of
calcium hydroxide.
Calculate the mass of calcium hydroxide that was dissolved in 1.00 dm3 of the
calcium hydroxide solution.

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(Extra space) ........................................................................................

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(3)
(Total 17 marks)

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Q8. Transition metals and their complexes have characteristic properties.

(a) Give the electron configuration of the Zn ion. 2+

Use your answer to explain why the Zn ion is not classified as a transition metal
2+

ion.

Electron configuration ..................................................................................

Explanation ..................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................
(2)

(b) In terms of bonding, explain the meaning of the term complex.

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(2)

(c) Identify one species from the following list that does not act as a ligand. Explain
your answer.

H 2 O 2–
O 2 CO

Not a ligand..................................................................................................

Explanation ...................................................................................................
(2)

(d) The element palladium is in the d block of the Periodic Table. Consider the following
palladium compound which contains the sulfate ion.

[Pd(NH ) ]SO3 4 4

(i) Give the oxidation state of palladium in this compound.

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(1)

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 (ii) Give the names of two possible shapes for the complex palladium ion in this
compound.

Shape 1 ..............................................................................................

Shape 2 ..............................................................................................
(2)
(Total 9 marks)

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