CRIM 4

PROFESSIONAL
CONDUCT
AND
ETHICAL
STANDARDS
PROFESSIONAL CONDUCTAND ETHICAL .2. Values are objective – when we say values are
STANDARDS objective, we mean that the existence and the nature of
values are independent of a subject
WHAT IS ETHICS? Etymologically, the word ethics
is coined from the Greek word “ethikos”, or that which 3. Values are relative – this means that values have
pertains to “ethos”, the English translation of which is intrinsic limitation and imperfection.
“custom” or “character”.
4. Values are bipolar – this mean that values do not
From this etymological meaning, ethics is taken to exist alone; they always exist with their counter values.
mean as a philosophical science that deals with the Thus, values are either positive or negative.
morality of human conduct or human acts.
5. Values are hierarchical – when we say values are
Morality of human acts refers to the goodness or the hierarchical, we do not classify values but rather we
badness, the rightness or the wrongness of human acts. rank them. When we rank values, we establish order of
importance among them. The closest meaning of
Ethics- is a branch of philosophy which studies the
ranking values is prioritizing values
principles of right or wrong in human conduct.
TYPES OF SOCIAL NORMS
Other definitions:- Science of the morality of man-
Study of human motivation, and ultimately of human 1.Folkways - sometimes known as “conventions” or
rational behaviour- Is the practical science of the “customs,” are standards of behavior that are socially
morality of human conduct. approved but not morally significant.
Ethical standard- it refers to the established and 2.Mores - are norms of morality
generally accepted moral values and ethical acts. It is a
3.Laws - are a formal body of rules enacted by the
set of conducts and behavior governing a group , a
state and backed by the power of the state.
class or organization.
4.Taboo - an act that is prohibited or restricted by
Moral integrity - is the one that measure of what man
social custom, like abortion in Philippine culture.
ought to be.
Morality - is the foundation of every human society.
QUESTION : These are acts that are done knowingly ,
VALUES -anything that a person considers important
deliberately and freely?
in life, such as material things, ideas and experiences.
Values are our beliefs, those beliefs which we hold to MoralityEthics
be true.
Human acts
PROPERTIES OF VALUES
Unethical
1.Values are subjective – when we say values are
subjective, we mean that the existence and the validity Values
of values are dependent upon on the feelings or
attitudes of the subject
Human acts – it shall mean only those acts which are QUESTION : It is a Moral distinction of what is good
determined by the free will .-It is characterized as acts and right ?
done deliberately , freely or voluntarily .By means of
Moral
freewill
Immoral
Act of man- without free will , but without reflection
and free consent ( e.g digesting food ) Amoral
Ethics
QUESTION : It is a Moral distinction of what is bad
and wrong?
Classification of Actions according to the norms of
Moral morality:
Immoral Moral actions- are those actions which are
conformity with the norm of morality.
Amoral
Immoral actions- are those actions which are not in
Ethics
conformity with the norm of morality.
Amoral actions- are those actions which stand neutral
RIGHTS in relation to the norm of morality.

Right- it is anything which is owed or due. Voluntariness- comes from the Latin word “voluntas”
referring to the will. Voluntariness is essential to an
Natural rights - are those on the natural law, that is, act.
on human nature.
The modifiers of Human Acts
Human rights- are those based on human positive
laws, either those enacted by the state or a religious 1. Ignorance- absence of knowledge which a person
sect. ought to possess.
Civil rights- are those dependent upon the laws of the 2. Passions- either tendencies towards desirable
state objects, or tendencies away from undesirable or
harmful things.
Ecclesiastical or religious rights- are those
dependent upon the laws of a church or a religious 3. Fear- disturbances of the mind of a person, who is
sect. confronted by an impending danger or harm to himself
or loved ones.
Alienable and inalienable rights- are those, civil or
religious rights, which can be surrendered, renounced, 4. Violence- look refers to any physical force exerted
or removed, such as the right to decent livelihood. on a person by another free agent for the purpose of
compelling said person to act against his will.
Right of Jurisdiction- is the power of lawfully
authority to govern his subjects and to make for them. 5. Habits- are a lasting readiness and facility, born of
frequently repeated acts, for acting in a certain manner
Right of Property- is the power to own, to sell, to
barrier, to lend, to change, or give away one’s personal VIRTUE- A habit that inclines the person to act in a
possessions. way that harmonizes with his nature- The habit of
doing good- The opposite is vice, the habit of doing
Juridical right- refers to all rights insofar as they are
bad
based on laws. These rights must be respected,
allowed, fulfilled, as a matter of strict justice. QUESTION: It is one of the cardinal virtues which the
ability to moderate or avoid something.
Non-Juridical rights- are those which are founded
on laws, either natural or human, but on virtue. Prudence
DUTY- it is anything we are obliged to do or not to Temperance
omit. It is a moral obligation incumbent upon a person
of doing, omitting, or avoiding something. Endurance
fortitude
Kinds of duties Natural duties- are those
imposed by natural law. Four Moral Virtues
Positive duties- are those imposed by a human PRUDENCE- it is characterized by “being careful
positive law. about one’s choices, not taking undue risks, and not
Affirmative duties- are those require the performance saying or doing things that might later be regretted’.
of a certain act. JUSTICE- it is the concept of moral rightness based
Negative duties- are those which require the omission on ethics, rationality law, natural law, religion,
of a certain act. fairness, or equity, along with the punishment of the
breach of said ethics.
 FORTITUDE- the strength or firmness of mind that QUESTION : all members must have the moral
enables a person to face danger, pain or despondency courage to sacrifice self-interest in keeping with the
with stoic resolve. time- honored principle of_________?PNP image
TEMPERANCE-Ability to moderate or avoid Delicadeza
something.
Police Lifestyle
FORTITUDE
Setting example
Patience- calmness and composure in enduring
POLICE OFFICER’S CREED AND STANDS ON
something.
BASIC ISSUES
Perseverance- ability to go on despite of the obstacle
Section 1. The PNP Core Values The police service is
and opposition.
a noble profession which demands from its members
Endurance- it is the ability to last. specialized knowledge and skills, as well as high
standards of ethics and morality. Hence, the members
Police ethics- A practical science that treats the
of the PNP must adhere to and internalize the enduring
principle of human morality and duty as applied to law
core values of love of God, respect for authority,
enforcement .
selfless love and service for people, sanctity of
Police Professionalism marriage and family life, responsible dominion and
stewardship over material things, and truthfulness.
The first era in the history of policing was introduced
by Sir Robert Peel, an English statesmen, with the PNP Stand on Basic IssuesThe deployment
establishment of the Metropolitan Police of London in and employment of PNP personnel require the
1829. organization and its members to bare their stand on the
following basic issues:
Professionals Possesses:
3.1 PNP Image – The image of any organization
Knowledge - is a systematically organized body of
affects the esprit d’ corps, morale and welfare of the
knowledge that lay people do not understand.
members, and sense of pride to the organization . Thus,
Education- an academic experience that is involves all members of the PNP should act in a manner that
studying and learning. would reflect best on the PNP and live by the PNP’s
core values.
Regulation- self regulation, standards of education
and licensing that are set by member of the profession 3.2 Career Management, the Key to
themselves, normally controlled by professional Professionalism – The Proper implementation of the
organizations such as PCAP, PEACE, and FACCI. PNP’s Career Management will greatly enhance the
PCAP- Professionals Criminologists Association of personnel professionalization process with regards to
the Philippines procurement, training, promotion, assignment,
placement, awards and retirement. The PNP shall
PEACE- Philippine Educator’s Association of formulate a stringent policy and strictly implement the
Criminology Education human resources development system, compatible to
FACCI- Federation of Authors in Criminology and the equitable distribution of procurement, fair
Criminal Justice Inc. promotion, rationalized approach in assignment, skill
development, immediate grant of reward and award,
Discipline- self policing, investigation, and and decent living upon retirement.
disciplining of members acussed of misconduct by
their peer professionals. 3.3 Police Management Leadership – The
effectiveness of law enforcement is reflective of the
Problem Solving- done in collegial manner; all managerial capabilities and competent leadership of
licensed members of the profession are co-equal the men and women who run the PNP organization.
partner in problem solving- using their experience and These attributes must therefore be one of the primary
insight to solve problems together. bases for consideration in the selection of personnel for
employment and deployment purposes.
3.4 Equality In the Service – There shall be judicious
and equitable distribution of opportunity to prove
one’s worth in the police service. The problem on
inequity thru class orientation and factionalism, both
real and perceived, premised on favored assignment, 2.1 Commitment to Democracy- Uniformed PNP
inequitable opportunity of training, unfair granting of members shall commit themselves to the democratic
promotion, and untimely awarding of achievements, way of life and values and maintain the principle of
will create an atmosphere of demoralization. The result public accountability. They shall at all times uphold
is inefficiency and lack of teamwork to the detriment the Constitution and be loyal to our country, people
of the organization. It behooves. Therefore, on the and organization, above their loyalty to any person.
PNP leadership address the situation. The civilian
2.2 Commitment to Public Interest- PNP members
character of the organization requires adherence to the
shall always uphold public interest over and above
rule on merit and fitness system and to dissociate the
personal interest. All government properties, resources
above process from class orientation and factionalism.
and powers of their respective offices must be
3.5 Delicadeza- In consonance with the requirements employed and used effectively, honestly and
of honor and integrity in the PNP, all members must efficiently, particularly to avoid wastage of public
have the moral courage to sacrifice self-interest in funds and revenues. PNP members must avoid and
keeping with the time- honored principle of delicadeza. prevent the “malversation” of human resources,
government time, property and funds.
3.6 Police Lifestyle- The PNP shall promote and
maintain a lifestyle for its members which the public 2.3 Non-Partisanship- PNP members shall provide
will find credible and respectable. The public expects a services to everyone without discrimination regardless
police officer to live a simple and dignified life. They of party affiliation in accordance with existing laws
must be free from greed corruption and exploitation. and regulations.
3.7 Political Patronage- PNP members shall inhibit 2.4 Physical Fitness and Health- PNP members shall
themselves from soliciting political patronage on strive to be physically and mentally fit and in good
matters pertaining to assignment, award,, training and health at all times. Toward this end, they shall undergo
promotion. regular physical exercises and annual medical
examination in any PNP Hospital or Medical facility,
3.8 Setting Example- All PNP members shall set
and actively participate in the Physical Fitness and
good example to their subordinates and follow good
Sports Development Program of the PNP.
example from the superiors.
2.5 Secrecy Discipline- PNP members shall guard the
QUESTION :It is one of the police professional
confidentiality of classified information against
conduct that states that, the police officers shall use
unauthorized disclosure, including confidential aspects
public resources and properties economically and
of official business, special orders, communications
judiciously to avoid wastage of public
and other documents roster or any portion thereof,
funds .Commitment to public interest
contents of criminal records, identities of persons who
Non partisanship may have given information to the police in confidence
and other classified information or intelligence
Physical fitness and health material.
Commitment to democracy 2.6 Social Awareness- PNP members and their
QUESTION : It is one of the police professional immediate family members shall be encouraged to
conduct that states that, the police officers shall obey actively get involved in religious, social and civic
lawful orders and be courteous to superior officers activities to enhance the image of the organization
and other appropriate authorities. without affecting their official duties.

Command responsibility 2.7 Non- Solicitation of Patronage- PNP members

shall seek self-improvement through career
Discipline development and shall not directly or indirectly solicit
influence or recommendation from politicians, high
Loyalty
ranking government officials prominent citizens,
Obedience to superiors persons affiliated with civic or religious organizations
with regards to their assignments, promotions, transfer
or those of other members of the force,nor shall they
initiate any petition to be prepared and presented by
PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND
citizens in their behalf. Moreover, they shall advise
ETHICAL STANDARDS their immediate relatives not to interfere in the
activities of the police service particularly in the 2.15 Command Responsibility- In accordance with the
assignment and reassignment of personnel. Doctrine on Command Responsibility, immediate
Commanders/ Directors shall be responsible for the
2.8 Proper Care and Use of Public Property- PNP
effective supervision, control and direction of their
members shall promote and maintain sense of
personnel and shall see to it that all government
responsibility in the protection, proper care and
resources shall be managed, expended or utilized in
judicious disposition and use of public property issued
accordance with laws and regulations and safeguard
for their official use or entrusted to their care and
against losses thru illegal or improper disposition.
custody just like “a good father of their family”. When
the Commander/Director is relieved from his post, all
properties/equipment belonging to the government
QUESTION: It is one of the police professional
must be turned-over to the incoming. A committee for
conduct that states that, the police officers shall
the purpose shall be proper. Hence, it is a taboo for
provide services to everyone without discrimination
outgoing Commander/Director to detach, remove and
regardless of political affiliation in accordance with
bring home or to his new assignment properties which
existing laws and regulations .
do not personally belong to him.
Devotion to Duty
2.9 Respect for Human Rights- In the performance of
duty, PNP members shall respect and protect human Command Responsibility
dignity and uphold the human rights of all persons. No
member shall inflict, instigate or tolerate extra-judicial Non partisanship
killings, arbitrary arrests, any act of torture or other Non- Solicitation of Patronage
cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
and shall not invoke superior orders or exceptional
circumstances such as a state –of-war, a threat to
QUESTION It is one of the ethical standards that
national security, internal political instability or any
states that the police officers shall not allow
public emergency as a justification for committing
themselves to be a victim of corruption and dishonest
such human rights violations.
practice.
2.10 Devotion to Duty- PNP members shall perform
Morality
their duties with dedication thoroughness, efficiency
enthusiasm, determination, and manifest concern for Integrity
public welfare, and shall refrain from engaging in any
activity which shall be conflict with their duties as Humility
public servants. Justice
2.11. Conservation of Natural Resources- PNP
The Ethical Standards
members shall help in the development and
conservation of our natural resources for ecological 3.1 Morality- PNP members shall adhere to high
balance and posterity as these are the inalienable standards of morality and decency and shall set good
heritage of our people. examples for others to follow. In no instance during
their terms of office, among other things, shall they be
2.12 Discipline- PNP members shall conduct
involved as owners, operators, managers or investors
themselves properly at all times in keeping with the
in any house of ill-repute or illegal gambling den or
rules and regulations of the organization.
other places devoted to vices, nor they shall patronize
2.13 Loyalty- PNP members shall be loyal to the such places unless on official duty, and tolerate
Constitution and the police service as manifested by operations of such establishments in their respective
their loyalty to their superior’s peers and subordinates areas of responsibilities. They shall be faithful to their
as well. lawfully wedded spouses.

2.14 Obedience to Superiors- PNP members shall obey 3.2 Judicious Use of Authority – PNP members shall
lawful orders of and be courteous to superior officers exercise proper and legitimate use of authority in the
and other appropriate authorities within the chain of performance of duty.
command. They shall readily accept whenever they are
3.3 Integrity – PNP members shall not allow
assigned anywhere in the country. Therefore, it is
themselves to be victims of corruption and dishonest
taboo for any personnel to petition in court or in any
practices in accordance with the provisions of RA
public forum his assignment.
6713 and other applicable laws.
3.4 Justice – PNP members shall strive constantly to 3.2 Salute to National Color and Standard – Members
respect the rights of others so that they can fulfill their stand at attention and salute the national color and
duties and exercise their rights as human beings, standard as these pass by them or when the national
parents, children, citizens, workers, leaders, or in other color is raised or lowered during ceremonies.
capacities and to see to it that others do likewise.
3.3 Address/Title – Junior in rank address senior
3.5 Humility – PNP members shall recognize the fact members who are entitled to salute with the word “Sir”
that they are public servants and not the masters of the or “Ma’am”. All Police Commissioned Officers shall
people and towards this end, they should perform their be addressed sir or ma’am by Police Non-
duties without attracting attention or expecting the Commissioned Officers and Non-Uniformed
applause of others. Personnel.
3.6 Orderliness – PNP members shall follow original 3.4 Courtesy Calls – The following are the customs
procedures in accomplishing tasks assigned to them to on courtesy calls:
minimize waste in the use of time, money and effort
3.4.1. Courtesy Call of Newly Assigned/Appointed
. 3.7 Perseverance – Once a decision is made, PNP Member – PNP members who are newly appointed or
members shall take legitimate means to achieve the assigned in a unit or command call on the chief of the
goal even in the face of internal or external difficulties, unit or command and other key personnel as a matter
and despite anything which might weaken their resolve of courtesy, as well as for accounting, orientation and
in the course of time. other purposes.
QUESTION : What is created in order to motivate and 3.4.2. Christmas Call – PNP members pay a
inspire public servants to uphold the highest standards Christmas Call on their local executives in their
of ethics? respective areas of responsibility.
Committee on Rewards to Understanding Public 3.4.3. New Year’s Call – PNP members pay a New
Officials and Employees Year’s call on their commanders and /or key officials
in their respective areas of responsibility.
Committee on Awards to Outstanding Public Officials
and Employee 3.4.4. Promotion Call – Newly promoted PNP
members call on their unit head. On this occasion, they
Committee on awards and rewards to outstanding
are usually given due recognition and congratulations
public officials and employee
by their peers for such deserved accomplishment.
Committee on awards and rewards to outstanding and
3.4.5. Exit Call – PNP members pay an Exit Call on
exceptional public officials and employees
their superiors in the unit or command when relieved
or reassigned out of the said unit or command.

QUESTION: It is one of the courtesy calls in the PNP 3.5 Courtesy of the Post – The host unit extend
where members who are nearly assigned or appointed hospitality to visiting personnel who pay respect to the
to a unit or command must call on the chief of the unit command or unit.
or command and to other key personnel for
3.6 Rank Has –Its –Own Privilege (RHIP) – PNP
accounting, orientation and other purposes.
members recognize the practice that different ranks
Courtesy call of newly assigned or appointed member carry with them corresponding privileges.

Custom call of newly assigned or appointed member QUESTION : It is one of the PNP customs on
ceremonies where the relinquishment and assumption
Promotion call of the command or key position is publicly announced
Exit call by the out going and incoming officers.
Turn over ceremony
Ceremony tendered to retirees
Police Customs on Courtesy
Funeral service and honors
3.1 Salute – Salute is the usual greetings rendered by
uniformed members upon meeting and recognizing Honor ceremonies
person entitled to a salute.
Police Customs on Ceremonies 5.4 Uniform/Appearance – The public looks upon a
PNP member as distinctively a man among men. It is a
4.1. Flag Raising Ceremony – PNP members honor the welcome sight when PNP members wear their uniform
flag by hoisting ii and singing the National Anthem properly wherever they may be. Bulging stomach is a
before the start of the official day’s work. Every taboo in the uniformed service. Since disciplined PNP
Monday morning members are best exemplified by those who are neat in
appearance and wearing the prescribed uniform, they
4.2 Flag Lowering Ceremony – At the end of the
must therefore observe thefollowing:
official days’ work, the PNP members pause for a
moment to salute the lowering of the flag. Every 5.4.1. Wearing of prescribed uniform.
Friday afternoon
5.4.2 Adherence to haircut prescribed by rules &
4.3 Half-Mast – The flag is raised at half-mast in regulations.
deference to deceased uniformed members of the
command. 5.5 Manner of Walking- Every PNP Member is
expected to walk with pride and dignity.
4.4 Funeral Service and Honors – Departed uniformed
members, retirees, war veterans or former PC/INP Other Police Customs:
members are given vigil, necrological services and 6.1 Visiting the Sick- Immediate commanders or other
graveside honours as a gesture of farewell. available officers of the unit visit PNP Members who
4.5 Ceremony Tendered to Retirees – In recognition of are sick in the hospital, their residence or any place of
their long, faithful and honourable service to the PNP, confinement in order that their needs are attended to.
a testimonial activity shall be tendered in their honour. 6.2 Survivor Assistance of Heir of Deceased Members-
4.6 Honor Ceremony – Arrival and departure honour A survivor officer is designated whenever PNP
ceremonies are rendered to visiting dignitaries, VIPs, members die, to render maximum assistance to their
PNP Officers with the grade of Chief Superintendent family until all benefits due shall have been received.
and above and AFP officers of equivalent grade, unless
waived./ 6.3 Visiting the Religious Leaders- PNP Officers visit
religious leaders in their areas of assignment to
4.7 Turnover Ceremony – The relinquishment and establish or maintain rapport and cooperation between
assumption of command or key position is publicly the different religious leaders and the PNP.
announced in a Turnover Ceremony by the outgoing
and incoming officers in the presence of the immediate 6.4 Athletics- PNP members indulge in physical fitness
superior or his representative. Outgoing activities o insure that their proper physical appearance
Commander/Director should not leave his post without and bearing are smaller than the size of his chest and in
proper turnover. Turn-over includes turnover of conformity with the standard set forth by the
properties/equipment, human and material resources. organization.
4.8 Wedding Ceremony -- During marriage of PNP
6.5 Happy Hours- Usually on Friday or any other day
members, a ceremony is conducted with participants in
suitable for the occasion, PNP members gather
uniform and swords drawn.
together at their PNP club for a light hearted jesting or
4.9 Anniversary – The birth or institutional airing of minor gripes.
establishment of a command or unit is commemorated
QUESTION It is one of the police traditions, where
in an Anniversary Ceremony.
police officers manifest uprightness in character,
Police Customs on Ceremonies polite in manners, dignified in appearance and sincere
in their concern for their fellowmen.
5.1. Proper Attire – PNP members always wear
appropriate and proper attire in conformity with the Word of honor
occasion. Duty
5.2. Table Manners – PNP members observe table Gentlemanliness
etiquette at all times.
loyalty
5.3 Social Graces – PNP members conduct themselves
properly in dealing with people during social
functions.
Police Tradition
7.1 Spiritual Beliefs- PNP members are traditionally CODE OF PROFESSIONAL
religious and God-loving person. They attend religious CONDUCT AND ETHICAL
services together with the members of their family.
STANDARD
7.2 Valor- History attests that the Filipino law
Who is a Filipino Policeman?
enforcers have exemplified the tradition of valor in
defending the country from aggression and oppression - A Filipino policeman is a protector and a friend of
and protecting/preserving the life and property of the the people.
people. They sacrificed their limbs and lives for the
sake of their countrymen whom they have pledged to - His badge is the symbol of the citizen’s faith and
serve. trust, his uniform a mirror of decorum and integrity.

7.3 Patriotism- The PNP members are traditionally His whole human person is an oblation of enduring
patriotic by nature. They manifest their love of country love for homeland, fellowmen and God.
with a pledge of allegiance to the flag and a vow to Philippine Monkey Eating Eagle The National Bird
defend the constitution. – symbol of swiftness and ferocity, power, courage and
7.4 Discipline- The discipline of the PNP members is immortality.
manifested by instinctive obedience to lawful orders PNP Shield – Symbol of protection of all citizens.
and thorough and spontaneous actions towards
attainment of organizational objectives guided by Lapu-Lapu Hero – the prototype of the best and most
moral, ethical and legal norms. noble in Filipino manhood who is the symbol and
embodiment of all the genuine attributes of leadership,
7.5 Gentlemanliness-PNP members are upright in courage, nationalism, self-reliance and a people-based
character, gentle in manners, dignified in appearance, and people powered community defense.
and sincere in their concern to fellowmen.
Laurel – Green Laurel with 14 leaves, symbolizes the
7.6 Word of Honor- PNP members’ word is their bond. 14 Regional Commands.
They stand by and commit to uphold it.
Shield – The symbol of the Philippine Constabulary,
7.7 Duty- PNP members have historically exemplified the first National Police by virtue of Organic Act No.
themselves as dedicated public servants who perform 175, enacted by the Philippine Commission on 18 July
their tasks with a deep sense of responsibility and self- 1901.
sacrifice. They shall readily accept assignment
anywhere in the country. Three Stars – Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao

7.8 Loyalty- PNP members are traditionally loyal to Service • Honor • Justice – Added distinct ideals for
the organization, country and people as borne by the officers, men and women of the PNP to insure
history and practice efficiency, integrity, cohesiveness, camaraderie and
Sun – Symbolize the flowering, maturing and ultimate
7.9 Camaraderie- The binding spirit that enhances glorious evolution of the PC/INP into a National Police
teamwork and cooperation in the police organization, Organization The Traditional light rays which
extending to the people they serve, in manifested by represents the fightingest provinces
the PNP members’ deep commitment and concern for
one another. POLICE DEVIANCE

QUESTION : It is an act advocating to overthrow the is a much broader term than corruption. It includes all
present administration . activities which are inconsistent with norms, values, or
ethics (from a societal standpoint or even from the
Dishonesty to the government police standpoint). A theorem in criminology is that
Disloyalty to the government it’s always fruitful to study when people not only
break society’s norms, but the norms of their own
Fraudulence to the government social group too.
Renunciation to the government Deviance — behavior inconsistent with norms, values,
or ethics
Corruption – forbidden acts involving misuse of
office for gain
Misconduct — wrongdoing violations of departmental are corruption because the officer has been placed in a
procedures compromising position where favors (a “fix”) can be
reasonably expected in the future. When there is an
Favouritism — unfair “breaks” to friends or relatives
implied favor (a “wink and nod”), it’s
(nepotism)
called“mooching”. When the officer is quite blatant
about demanding free services, it’s called “chiseling”.

QUESTION : It is the lack of adequate ability and

fitness for the satisfactory performance of police
POLICE SHAKEDOWNSA shakedown is when the
duties : could be due to physical or intellectual
police extort a business owner for protection money.
limitations or lack of skill.
The typical scenario involves gay bars, which are
Malfeasance considered the most vulnerable. In some cities (like
Boston for example), police are still charged with the
Non feasance power to inspect bars for compliance with liquor
Misfeasance regulations. Officers are then in a position to threaten
bar owners with violations if they do not make payoffs,
The different types of misconduct are and promise to intercept (“fix”) any other violation
reports processed through department channels. In
often classified as follows:
some cities, police officers have complete control over
Malfeasance — intentional commission of a liquor licenses and even own nearby parking meters.
prohibited act or intentional unjust performance of To deal with the gay bar issue, many police
some act of which the party had no right (e.g., gratuity, departments have tried hiring openly gay recruits.
perjury, use of police resources for personal use)
Misfeasance — performance of a duty or act that one
is obligated or permitted to do in a manner which is POLICE PERJURYThis is usually a means to effect
improper, sloppy, or negligent (e.g., report writing, an act of corruption, leaving out certain pertinent
unsafe operation of motor vehicle, aggressively pieces of information in order to “fix” a criminal
“reprimanding” a citizen, improper searching of prosecution. “Dropsy” evidence is typical, where the
suspect) officer testifies untruthfully that he/she saw the
offender drop some narcotics or contraband. Lies that
Nonfeasance — failure to perform an act which one is
Miranda warnings have been given, when they
obligated to do either by law or directive due to
haven’t, are also typical. Lying in court is called
omission or failure to recognize the obligation (e.g.,
“testifying”, and police can do it coolly; they’re trained
failure to file report, improper stop & frisk, security
witnesses.
breach)
POLICE BRUTALITYPolice brutality has been
QUESTION : It is the improper or incorrect
defined as excessive force, name calling, sarcasm,
performance of an act that should be done or
ridicule, and disrespect (President’s Commission
performed.
1967). Other commissions have simply used a vague
Malfeasance definition as “any violation of due process”. Kania and
Mackey’s (1977) widely-regarded definition is
Non feasance “excessive violence, to an extreme degree, which does
Misfeasance not support a legitimate police function.” When a
citizen charges police brutality, they may be referring
Malingering to a number of things,
POLICE PROFANITY

TYPES OF POLICE DEVIANCE There are many reasons why a police officer would use
obscene and profane language. Effective use of verbal
POLICE GRATUITYA gratuity is the receipt of free communication is one of the skills expected in police
meals, services, or discounts. Non-federal police work. Concepts such as “command voice” and
usually do not regard these as forms of corruption “command presence” are routinely taught at police
(“not another lecture on the free cup of coffee or police training academies. The FCC specifically condemns
discount”). These are considered fringe benefits of the certain words on radio and television that are “patently
job. Nevertheless, they violate the Code of Ethics offensive”, but there’s no such mechanism for
because they involve financial reward or gain, and they
determining what’s offensive with interpersonal QUESTION :
communication.
Types of police deviance wherein when a police officer
POLICE SEX ON DUTY OR DUTY-RELATED is aware of a crime and the violator but accepts a
bribe for not arresting the violator
Contacts with promiscuous females and minimal
supervision are part of the job. Sooner or later, every Police gratuity
police officer will be propositioned. There are a
Police sleeping on duty
number of women who are attracted to the uniform or
the aura of the occupation. Every police officer will be Police profanity
able to tell you stories about police “groupies”. These
are women who make the rounds by waving at Police shakedown
officers, getting them to stop or pull over, and then set
up meetings to have sex with them, or sometimes right
then and there. REPUBLIC ACT 6713 "Code of Conduct and Ethical
Standards for Public Officials and Employees.“ a.
POLICE SLEEPING ON DUTY "Government" includes the National Government, the
On the night shift, the police car is sometimes referred local governments, and all other instrumentalities,
to as the “traveling bedroom”. In police argot, a “hole” agencies or branches of the Republic of the Philippines
or “coop” is where sleeping takes place, typically the including government- owned or controlled
back room of someplace the officer has a key to and corporations, and their subsidiaries. b. "Public
can engage in safe “cooping”. Police officers who Officials" includes elective and appointive officials
attend college during the day or moonlight at other and employees, permanent or temporary, whether in
jobs in order to make a decent living are often involved the career or non-career service, including military and
in this kind of conduct. Numerous court appearances police personnel, whether or not they receive
during the day can also be a factor, along with the toll compensation, regardless of amount.
of shift work. c. "Gift" refers to a thing or a right to dispose of
gratuitously, or any act or liberality, in favor of another
who accepts it, and shall include a simulated sale or an
POLICE DRINKING & ABUSING DRUGS ON ostensibly onerous disposition thereof. It shall not
OR OFF DUTY include an unsolicited gift of nominal or insignificant
value not given in anticipation of, or in exchange for, a
The officer must obtain the drugs from some
favor from a public official or employee.
intermediary, involve others in transactions, and open
the door to blackmail, shakedowns, rip-offs, and cover- d. "Receiving any gift" includes the act of accepting
ups. It sets a bad example for public relations. Alcohol directly or indirectly, a gift from a person other than a
and drug use tends to become a systemic problem; member of his family or relative as defined in this Act,
others become involved, either supporting or even on the occasion of a family celebration or
condemning the user. Alcohol and drugs tend to be national festivity like Christmas, if the value of the gift
mixed by police officers because there’s more sub is neither nominal nor insignificant, or the gift is given
cultural support for alcoholism; thus the abuser covers in anticipation of, or in exchange for, a favor. e.
up the drug use with alcoholism "Loan" covers both simple loan and commodatum as
well as guarantees, financing arrangements or
accommodations intended to ensure its approval.
POLICE MISUSE OF CONFIDENTIAL
f. "Substantial stockholder" means any person who
INFORMATION
owns, directly or indirectly, shares of stock sufficient
This normally involves jeopardizing ongoing to elect a director of a corporation. This term shall also
investigations by “leaking” information to friends, apply to the parties to a voting trust. g.
relatives, the public, the press, or in some cases,
"Family of public officials or employees" means their
directly to the criminal suspects or members of their
spouses and unmarried children under eighteen (18)
gang. The officer may be unaware that they are even
years of age. h.
engaging in this kind of conduct which may involve
“pillow talk” in some instances. Failed raids, for "Person" includes natural and juridical persons unless
example, are often due to a leak in the department. the context indicates otherwise.
i. "Conflict of interest" arises when a public official doing acts contrary to law, good morals, good
or employee is a member of a board, an officer, or a customs, public policy, public order, public
substantial stockholder of a private corporation or safety and public interest. They shall not
owner or has a substantial interest in a business, and dispense or extend undue favors on account of
the interest of such corporation or business, or his their office to their relatives whether by
rights or duties therein, may be opposed to or affected consanguinity or affinity except with respect to
by the faithful performance of official duty. j. appointments of such relatives to positions
"Divestment" is the transfer of title or disposal of
considered strictly confidential or as members
interest in property by voluntarily, completely and
of their personal staff whose terms are
actually depriving or dispossessing oneself of his right
coterminous with theirs.
or title to it in favor of a person or persons other than
his spouse and relatives as defined in this Act.
e. Responsiveness to the public. - Public
k. “Relatives” refers to any and all persons related to a officials and employees shall extend prompt,
public official or employee within the fourth civil courteous, and adequate service to the public.
degree of consanguinity or affinity, including bilas, Unless otherwise provided by law or when
inso and balae. required by the public interest, public officials
and employees shall provide information of
their policies and procedures inclear and
Section 4. Norms of Conduct of Public Officials and understandable language, ensure openness of
Employees. – (A) Every public official and employee information, public consultations and hearings
shall observe the following as standards of personal
whenever appropriate, encourage suggestions,
conduct in the discharge and execution of official
simplify and systematize policy, rules and
Duties: procedures, avoid red tape and develop an
understanding and appreciation of the socio-
a. Commitment to public interest. – Public economic conditions prevailing in the country,
officials and employees shall always uphold especially in the depressed rural and urban
the public interest over and above personal areas.
interest. All government resources and powers
of their respective offices must be employed f. Nationalism and patriotism. - Public officials
and used efficiently, effectively, honestly and and employees shall at all times be loyal to the
economically, particularly to avoid wastage in Republic and to the Filipino people, promote
public funds and revenues. the use of locally produced goods, resources
b. Professionalism. - Public officials and and technology and encourage appreciation
employees shall perform and discharge their and pride of country and people. They shall
duties with the highest degree of excellence, endeavor to maintain and defend Philippine
professionalism, intelligence and skill. They sovereignty against foreign intrusion.
shall enter public service with utmost devotion
and dedication to duty. They shall endeavor to g. Commitment to democracy. - Public officials
discourage wrong perceptions of their roles as and employees shall commit themselves to the
dispensers or peddlers of undue patronage. democratic way of life and values, maintain
the principle of public accountability, and
c. Political neutrality. - Public officials and manifest by deeds the supremacy of civilian
employees shall provide service to everyone authority over the military. They shall at all
without unfair discrimination and regardless of times uphold theConstitution and put loyalty to
party affiliation or preference. country above loyalty to persons or party.

d. Justness and sincerity. - Public officials and h. Simple living. - Public officials and employees
employees shall remain true to the people at all and their families shall lead modest lives
times. They must act with justness and appropriate to their positions and income.
sincerity and shall not discriminate against They shall not indulge in extravagant or
anyone, especially the poor and the ostentatious display of wealth in any form.
underprivileged. They shall at all times respect
the rights of others, and shall refrain from
REPUBLIC ACT 11131Title. RA 11131- D. As a correctional administrator, executive,
This Act shall be known as “The Philippine supervisor, or officer in any rehabilitation,
Criminology Profession Act of 2018” correctional, and penal institution or facility,
Repealing for the purpose of REPUBLIC Act and in any community-based corrections, and
6506, otherwise known as “An Act Creating rehabilitation agencies and/or programs;
the Board of Examiners for Criminologist
in the Philippines. E. As a counselor, consultant, adviser or
researcher in any government or private
RA 11131 governs the examination, agency on any aspect of criminological
registration and licensure for criminologists; research or project involving the cause of
supervision, control, and regulation of the crime, children in conflict with the law,
practice of criminology, standardization and treatment of offenders, police operation, law
regulation of criminology education; enforcement administration, scientific criminal
development of the professional competence investigation or public safety and national
of criminologists; and integration of all security administration; and
criminology professional groups.
Under RA 11131, a candidate must obtain a F. As a private investigation, administrator,
weighted average rating of 75 percent with no consultant or agent, or detective in any private
grade less than 60 percent in any subject to security and investigation agency organized
pass the licensure examination for under the laws of the Philippines.
criminologists.
PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY OF
Definition of Terms REGISTERED CRIMINOLOGIST The
Criminology – refers to the scientific study of primary responsibility of every person
crimes, criminals, and victims, it also deals admitted to the practice ofCriminology as a
with the prevention and solution of crimes; Registered Criminologist is to bear faithful
Profession – refers to the art and science in allegiance to the Republic of the Philippines
the practice of criminology discipline; and and be loyal to his profession. They shall
Registered Criminologist – refers to a natural accept as a sacred obligation and responsibility
person who holds a valid certificate of as citizens to support the Constitution of the
registration and an updated professional Philippines and as a Registered Criminologist
identification card as criminologist issued by to defend the principles of liberty as defined in
the Board and the Commission pursuant to this the Constitution and Laws.
Act.
As a Registered Criminologist, they shall
Scope of Practice A. in line with the practice strive to improve their effectiveness by
of profession or occupation as a law diligent study and sincere attention to
enforcement administrator, executive, adviser, improvement and welcome the opportunity to
consultant, officer, investigator, agent or disseminate practical and useful information
employee in any private of government relating to matters accruing to the benefit of
agencies performing law enforcement and public safety and welfare.
quasi-police functions B. In line with the
practice teaching profession such as those
performed by a professor, instructor or teacher CONDUCT TOWARDS THE PUBLIC
in any university, college or school duly 1. The Criminologists remind at all times that
recognized by the government of any of the dignity, fairness and a genuine willingness
following professional and component subjects to help are essential to their public image
of the criminology program and their ability to do a good job.

C. As a technician, examiner/criminalist, or 2. The Criminologists mindful of their

specialist I dactyloscopy, questioned responsibility to the whole community,
document, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), lie Deal with individuals of the community in a
detection, firearms identification, forensic manner calculated to instill respect for its laws
photography, forensic chemistry and other and their profession.
scientific crime detection and investigation;
3. They shall be habitually courteous and proficient in one’s work, he must also have a
accept their responsibility by being high sense of justice, a belief in the dignity and
Punctual and expeditious in their engagements worth of all men and a proper motivation and
and duties. They shall regard their profession attitude. He must possess a sense of dedication
as a public trust and in the discharge of their to his profession and a sense of duty and
duties, bear obligation to his fellowmen.
Constantly in mind their obligation to serve
the public efficiently and effectively. HUMAN RELATIONS
It is defined as relations with or between
ATTITUDE TOWARDS PROFESSION people, particularly in a workplace setting.
1. The criminologists shall strive to make the Because a company depends on good human
best application of science to the solution relations through its organizational structure,
of crime, by diligent study and sincere developing these skills is important.
attention to self-improvement, and in the
fields of human relationships, strive for Fourteen Principles of
effective leadership and public influence Management, which focused on
in matters affecting public safety. management but also hinted to the importance
of human relations:
2. He shall appreciate the importance and
responsibility of his profession as an honorable Division of work. Work should be divided Is
one rendering valuable service to his the most efficient way. Fayol believed work
community and country. They shall strive to specialization, or the focus on specific tasks
attain certain of the most withering cross for teams or individuals, to be crucial to
examination particularly from fellow success.
criminologists and associates.
Authority. Authority is the right to give orders
3. He shall avoid outside influence from and accountability within those orders. Fayol
overzealous and overanxious clients and his believed that along with giving orders and
findings shall be based solely and entirely on expecting them to be met, that person in
logical and scientific deduction derived from a authority also assumes responsibility to make
fair and impartial examination personally sure tasks are met.
performed by him.
4. He must never lose sight of the important Discipline. Discipline is penalties applied to
fact that he should not only work for the encourage common effort, as a successful
identification, apprehension and conviction of Organization requires the common effort of all
criminals, but must strive with greater if not workers.
equal vigor to clear the innocent.
Unity of command. Workers should receive
ATTITUDE TOWARDS FELLOW orders from only one manager. In other words,
CRIMINOLOGISTS reporting to two or more managers would
1. The Criminologists shall strive constantly violate Fayol’s Fourteen Principles of
to improve professional standing of Management.
Criminology through association with
others in the profession and keeping Unity of direction. Everyone in the
abreast with the fast moving world of organization should move toward a common
science and technology through constant Goal and understand how the team will
research and Development. achieve that goal.
2. He shall cooperate fully with fellow
criminologists regardless of personal
Subordination of individual interests to
Prejudice. He should however, be assured that
General interests. The interests of one person
such action is proper and in accordance with
shouldn’t have priority over the interests of the
law and guard against the issue of this office
organization as a whole. This focuses on
or person, knowingly or unknowingly in any
teamwork and the importance of everyone
improper or illegal action. He always bear in
acting toward the same goal.
mind at all times that it is not sufficient to be
 people fostering among the member of the
Remuneration. Many things should be department, of an attitude of courtesy and
considered when paying employees, including goodwill towards the people.
Cost of living, supply of qualified people, and
business success. 1. Communication
• As an element of public relation serves to
Centralization. The degree of importance in reinforce police effectiveness and contribute to
the subordinates’ (employees’) role in their the development of desirable norms of every
Organization and the amount of decision member of the PNP through constant
making that occurs at a central level versus a reminders and informal instructional processes
decentralized level. For example, in many help shape public perception and opinion
organizations decisions are made centrally through the timely release of information and
(i.e., in the “corporate office”), which does not continuing educational programs and develops
allow as much flexibility as decentralized desirable view of the PNP through deliberate
decision making; this would mean each but subtle message.
individual area can make its own decisions.
Media– Face to face interpersonal
Scalar chain. This refers to how authority is communication
divided among managers. Specifically, Fayol – refers to the form of media whereby the
said lower- level managers should always keep communication is directly addressing the
upper-level managers informed. target audience and physically in the same
place.–
Order. All materials and people related to one
kind of work should be organized and neat. Print Media – refers to that form of media
Things should be easy to find. whereby the message is printed by any type of
material visible and understandable to target
Equity. All employees should be treated audience.–
equally.
Electronic Media – the message is transmitted
Stability of tenure of personnel. Retention of to the target audience using radio, telephone,
employees should be a high management motion picture and other forms which involved
priority. The cost of hiring a new worker is the use of electronic equipment and facilities.
expensive, so efforts should be maintained to
keep current employees. 2. Community Work
• As an element of public relation serves to
Initiative. Management should take steps to reinforce public perception and opinions of the
encourage workers to take initiative. In PNP not only as law enforcement arm of the
addition, workers should be self-directed and government but also as instrument for socio-
not need a lot of management control to economic growth and development. It likewise
accomplish tasks. serve to enhance public safety, counter-
insurgency and anti-criminality efforts as well
Esprit de corps. Managers should encourage as crime prevention, crime situation, efficiency
harmony among employees. This harmony and the like within a community through
creates good feelings among employees. active civilian participation in the police
operations.
Fundamentals of Police Public
Relation Police Public Relation Programs
• Goodwill is an essential to successful police
operations as it is to successful business
• Public relation is the sum total of the
enterprises. The police should undertake a
attitudes, impressions and opinions of the
program designed to public
public in its relationship with the police
Goodwill. There are some many non- arrest
department. It is the development of public
activities which have essential
attitudes favorable to the accomplishment of
Value in this regard.
the police purpose. And important factor is
gaining the goodwill and confidence of the
Youth Oriented Programs
• Many police department arrange special
events for the children to assist in crime
prevention and also establish goodwill. The
goodwill of children invariably wins the
goodwill of their parents. To establish a
friendly relation with youngsters some
departments supervise athletic clubs; special
police boy scouts troops and assistance to civic
group and their efforts to help under privilege
and delinquent, all build up goodwill. The
police of course should overtook the
opportunity to speak in the schools and before
other group of children.

QUESTION :
Building a good image through actual
commendable performance in inefficiency and
corruption is one of the duties of the public
relation officer.
The statement is true
The statement is not true
Maybe it isn’t true
Maybe it is true

QUESTION :
Conducting community service oriented
policing seminars for the traffic aides, police
aides and the barangay tanod is one of the
measures to enhance police public image.
The statement is true
The statement is not true
Maybe it isn’t true
Maybe it is true

ACE IT!