Thus communication means sharing of ideas,

information and messages.

It can be defined as
• exchange of facts,
• ideas,
• opinions
• emotions
between two or more persons to create a
common ground of understanding.
 5 Basic reasons we Do Not Listen

• Listening is Hard Work

• Competition
• The Rush for Action
• Speed differences (120 wpm v/s 360 wpm)
• Lack of Training
 Improving Listening Skills
• By not being Preoccupied
• Being Open Minded & Non Defensive
• Minimizing Interruptions
• Effective Listening is: Hearing, interpreting when
necessary, understanding the message and relating to it.
• By Asking Questions
COMMUNICATION CYCLE
ELEMENTS OF A COMMUNICATION CYCLE

Sender
Message
Encoding
Channel
Receiver
Decoding
Feedback
IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION
Communication skills are needed to:

Inform: You may be required to give facts or information to someone. For

example,communicating the timetable of an exam to a friend.

Influence: You may be required to influence or change someone in an

indirect but usuallyimportant way. For example, negotiating with a
shopkeeper to reduce the price or helping a friend to overcome stress due
to exam or any other reason.

Express feelings: Talking about your feelings is a healthy way to express

them. For example, sharing your excitement about doing well in your
exams or sharing your feelings with your parents and friends.
 FEEDBACK

It is one of the essential factor in the process of

communication cycle.
It is the response or reaction of the receiver to the
sender after perceiving the message.
➢ POSITIVE FEEDBACK- It indicates that the
sender can continue his communication in the same
manner as before.
➢ NEGATIVE FEEDBACK- It suggests a need for
change in the mode of communication.
 IMPORTANCE OF FEEDBACK

Collection of Information
Completion of Entire Communication
Process
Measuring the Effectiveness Of
Communication
Measuring the Effectiveness Of Media
Taking Proper Decision
Problem Solving
Identification of Improvement Area
Better Understanding
 Feedback

Descriptive/ Specific/ Non

Formal/Informal
Nondescriptive specific
 DESCRIPTIVE FEEDBACK

NON- DESCRIPTIVE FEEDBACK

“I only Like your second paragraph . Others need
improvement”
“In your article conclusion needs rework “
DESCRIPTIVE FEEDBACK
“All paragraphs should cover basically one idea .only
one paragraph was as per this specification other
paragraphs covered multiple ideas and the
information was also note cohesively linked “
 FORMAL /INFORMAL
FEEDBACK
Informal FEEDBACK
“Good Job!! Congratulations”
“Sorry“
Formal FEEDBACK
“Please accept my apologies “
“Congratulations on scoring A+ in your final test
performance, you are promoted to next class”
SPECIFIC FEEDBACK –
“ I really like the way you described your
grandma’s character. It makes me feel like I know
him too”

“I like your portrayal of sibling rivalry special the

part where you and your sister fighting . I fight
with my brother too ,so it made it sound real to
me Your story seemed related at all points”
NON SPECIFIC FEEDBACK-
“I like your story, Its good”
“I like your topic of sibling rivalry”
 NEED FOR SPECIFIC FEEDBACK

Specific feedback can be highly constructive. It might

prove to be beneficial to the receiver.
It makes the receiver aware of the specific details
that need to be focused on to improve one’s work and
performance.
It hence results in effective communication.
There are three basic methods of
communication
Verbal Communication

Non Verbal Communication

Visual Communication
 Verbal Communication
Verbal Communication involves the use of words in delivering the intended message.
Words are the most accurate and powerful tools to express and share ideas

There are two primary forms of verbal communication.

Written Communication
SPOKEN OR ORAL
COMMUNICATION
• Speeches
• presentations
• announcements are all
forms of spoken
communication
• casual conversations
between friends.
 ORAL COMMUNICATION
DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES
• Emotions are visible and hence leads to
• Saves time in communication.
trouble in certain cases.
• Flexible and effective for all.
• No legal validity and hence will lead to
• Reliable method of communication. problems in certain situations.
• Help us to express ourselves creatively.
• Does not provide permanent record unless it
• Quick feedback once delivered. is recorded with modern means of storage.
• Chance to make it more clearer in case of • It has issues when communicating with
doubts while interpreting of words or ideas. distant people.
• It helps us to organize complex ideas and
experiences into meaningful information. • It is difficult for certain people to understand
what someone is saying due to various
speech tones used.

• Not suitable for lengthy message.

Tips to improve Oral Communication
Read out loud.
Make audio/video recordings of your reading. Take
note of the areas you need to work on
Talk to people in a manner that shows interest.
Take part in activities which involve public speaking.
 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
VIRTUAL/ ONLINE SESSION
❖Students to keep their video “ON” while entering in the virtual
classroom.
❖ Entry will be given to those students only who have renamed
themselves in the format i.e. Name/ Adm. No./Class- sec. and video is
in “ON” mode.
❖Appropriate action will be taken against those who do not follow the
guidelines issued for online sessions.
❖You can ask any query related to the topic through chat box or you can
raise hand if you have any doubt.
❖You can also mail your queries at below mentioned email id:
[email protected]
 WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

Advantages of Written Communication

Disadvantages of Written Communication
Easy to preserve
Expensive
Simple presentation of complex matter
Time consuming
Permanent record
Useless for illiterate person
Prevents wastage of time and money
Difficult to maintain secrecy
Used as a reference
Lack of flexibility
Least possibility of misinterpreting
Delays response and decision making
 Non- Verbal Communication
❑ NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION happens in
the absence of any oral or composed words.
❑ Instead of written or oral words, it depends on
different non- verbal prompts like body
movements, gestures, expressions, symbols,
Images, signals charts, and so on to express
sentiments, attitudes or information.
❑ Although no words are used, non-verbal
communication can effectively convey
numerous human emotions more accurately
than verbal methods of communication.
COMMUNICATION

• 7% WORDS
• Words are only labels and the listeners put their own
interpretation on speakers words
• 38% PARALINGUISTIC
• The way in which something is said - the accent, tone and
voice modulation is important to the listener.
• 55% BODY LANGUAGE
• What a speaker looks like while delivering a message affects
the listener’s understanding most.
TOTAL COMMUNICATION PROCESS

Writing
9% Speaking
30%
Reading
16%

Listening
45%
TYPES OF BODY LANGUAGE
Remember that you are dealing with “PEOPLE”

• (P)OSTURES & GESTURES

• How do you use hand gestures? Stance?
• (E)YE CONTACT
• How’s your “Lighthouse”?
• (O)RIENTATION
• How do you position yourself?
• (P)RESENTATION
• How do you deliver your message?

• (L)OOKS
• Are your looks, appearance, dress important?
• (E)PRESSIONS OF EMOTION
• Are you using facial expressions to express emotion?
 What is Body Language?
Silent (non‐verbal) messages communicated through the sender's body
movements, facial expressions or paralingual noises.

POSTURE

FACIAL
Body EXPRESSION
Language
EYE CONTACT
Identify what these gestures depict
BODY POSTURE

Sitting up straight may

indicate that a person is
focused and paying attention
to what's going on.

Crossed arms might indicate

that a person feels defensive,
selfprotective or closed‐off.
33
BODY POSTURE

Shoulder shrug reveals a feeling of

depression and lack of interest. It
usually conveys the message, ' I Don't
know', ' I don't care' or 'What can I do?'

Standing with hands placed on the

hips can be an indication that a
person is ready and in control or it can
also possibly be a sign of
aggressiveness
34
BODY POSTURE

Clasping the hands behind the

back might indicate that a
person is feeling bored,
anxious or even angry.

Slouching to one side delivers

the message of laid back or
lazy attitude. It shows
disinterest and I don't bother.
35
Facial expressions
 EYE CONTACT

• Reflection of your inner self

• Revealing a great deal about what a person is
feeling or thinking
• Some common things you may notice include
whether people are making direct eye contact or
averting their gaze, how much they are blinking or
if their pupils are dilated.
 NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

✓ It may be an alternative for spoken ✓ A long

conversation is not possible, lengthy
message. For example, putting fingers to discussions and necessary details cannot be
lips is a kind of gesture which indicates a done.
need for silence, a simple nod is a kind of
facial expression which can suggest ‘yes’. ✓ Difficult
to understand, since in this type of
communication where speaker only uses
✓ It is beneficial for specially abled people gestures, facial expressions, eye contact,
(deaf /dumb). touch etc. for communication and it might
become difficult for some people to
✓ The message from the non‐verbal understand.
interaction is received by the recipient very
fast.
 Visual Communication
Any verbal or non-verbal communication utilising the sense of sight is known as Visual
Communication.
 Advantages of Visual Communication
➢ Visual aids like graphs, diagrams, models,
etc., make oral communication more
meaningful
➢ Use of visual aids makes complex data easy to
comprehend.
➢ Visual aids make the communication more
interesting
BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION
“Whatever words we utter should be chosen
with care for people will hear them and be
influenced by them for good or ill.”
Buddha
WHAT IS COMMUNICATION AND BARRIER ?
Communication is the activity of conveying
1 meaningful information. It requires a sender, a
message, and an intended recipient.

Barrier An obstacle in a place that

2 prevents us from completing certain tasks.

Communication barriers can be defined as

3 the aspects or conditions that interfere with
effective exchange of ideas or thoughts.
 • LANGUAGE BARRIERS
• PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS
•
TYPES OF •
PHYSICAL BARRIERS
ATTITUDINAL BARRIERS
BARRIER •
•
PERPEPTUAL BARRIERS
ORGANIZATIONAL BARRIERS
• CULTURAL BARRIERS
Class 3
 LANGUAGE BARRIERS
• Inability to converse in a language
that is known by both the sender
and receiver is the greatest
barrier to effective
communication.
• When a person uses
inappropriate words while
conversing or writing, it could lead
to misunderstanding between the
sender and a receiver.
FACTORS CAUSING LANGUAGE
BARRIERS
• Multi language
• Region
• Inadequate vocabulary
• Interpreting difference
 HOW TO OVERCOME ?
• Speak slowly and clearly.
• Ask for clarification.
• Frequently check for understanding.
• Be specific.
• Choose your medium of communication
effectively.
• Be patient.
 PHYSICAL BARRIER
• When physical Object turns
to a barrier eg. Walls, Doors
Glass Partitions
• Some of them are easy to
Alter whereas, some may
prove to be tough obstacles
in the process of effective
communication.
FACTORS CAUSING PHYSICAL BARRIER

Distraction in Physical disability

Defects in media Distance
environment

Ignorance of medium
 HOW TO OVERCOME?

To be updated with latest technologies

Choosing a suitable environment.

Removing obstacle.
Making signs easier to read, example, you could
supplement written signs with pictures and visual signs.

Self Motivation.
 CULTURAL BARRIER
• Cultures provide people ways of thinking--
ways of seeing, hearing, and interpreting the
world.
• Similar words can mean different things to
people from different cultures, even when
they talk the "same" language.
FACTORS CAUSING CULTURAL
BARRIER
• Diversified cultural background.
• Language and Accent.
• Behavior and Nature.
• Religion.
 HOW TO OVERCOME ?
• Cross culture environment.
• Have a thorough knowledge of your
counterpart’s culture background.
• Conduct effective communication workshop.
• Work in groups and run frequent meeting
 EMOTIONAL BARRIER
• The emotional state may influence your capacity
to make yourself understood and hamper
your understanding of others.
• Many times, emotional barriers on your part or the
part of the person you are speaking which may inhibit
your ability to communicate on an effective level.
FACTORS CAUSING EMOTIONAL
BARRIER
• Fear/ insecurity
• Mistrust
• Stress
 How to overcome
• Motivation and commitment to
change.
• Peer or mentor support .
• Practice expressing recognition .
 ATTITUDINAL BARRIERS

• Relationships, respect, workplace authority and education are

common ways men and women are pitted against each other.
• Overcoming barriers in gender communication isn’t simple but
can be made clear with a little patience and understanding.
• This barrier arises because men and women have different ways
of thinking and communication.
 FACTORS CAUSING ATTITUDINAL
BARRIERS
• Fear and shy
• Environment
• Misunderstanding
 How to overcome
• The process of bridging the gap in gender
communication requires the great deal of
patience and understanding that only time
and attention will teach.
 ORGANIZATIONAL BARRIERS
• Organizational structure greatly affects the
capability of the employees as far as the
communication is concerned .
• All the internal factors which block the process of
communication are known as organisational
barriers.
• Some such factors have already been discussed like
restrictive environments,deceptive tactics,
communication network.
FACTORS CAUSING ORGANIZATIONAL
BARRIERS
• Status relationship
• One way flow
• Organization structure
• Rules and regulations
• Too many levels in organization structure
POINTS TO IMPROVE TO OVERCOME?
• Poor structure to the communication.
• A weak delivery.
• The use of the wrong medium to deliver the
communication.
• A mixed message.
• The message is delivered to the wrong
audience.
• A distracting environment.
 PERCEPTUAL BARRIERS
• The most common problem is that the people
have difference opinion .
• The varied perceptions of every individual
give rise to a need for effective
communication.
• We all have our own preferences, values,
attitudes, origins and life experiences that act
as ‘filters’ on our experiences of people,
events and information.
FACTORS CAUSING PERCEPTUAL
BARRIERS
• Difference in Understanding
• Difference in Perception of Reality
• Differences in Values, Attitudes and Opinions
 HOW TO
OVERCOME?
• Start by listening to others.
• Clarify if there is confusion.
• Stay calm and be positive.
cultural or emotional association that
some word or phrase carries, in addition
to its explicit or literal meaning,
 Test yourself
Barriers to Communication

Put your answers in the chat box

LANGUAGE BARRIER
CULTURAL BARRIER
EMOTIONAL BARRIER
CULTURAL BARRIER
PHYSICAL BARRIER
ATTITUDINAL BARRIER
 BASIC WRITING SKILLS
(Home Work)
Students to learn themselves
Learning Objective: to recap the writing skills developed till class 9

Since students are already well versed with the skills. They will be exploring the below mentioned
links based on phrases and writing skills and will prepare a summary report in Summer vacation .
the Same will be printed and filed in the Lab file.

https://youtube/YbLUN_1YX2
https://youtube.com/watch?v=IuDSRs_lZB
Find out any 10 positive phrases that u will be using in your day to day life.
Benefits Of EffectiveCommunication
1.Reduces Misunderstanding and prevents us from
overlooking information
2.Effective communication creates a comfortable
environment where people of same/different
gender, religion, feelings and cultural backgrounds
can work together to resolve differences
3.Effective Communication initiates different people
to work towards a common goal
4.Effective Communication skill increases our self
respect and our confidence as well!
5.It also improves our overall relationship with each
other

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