What is Human Rights?

- Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex,
nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status. Human rights
include the right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, freedom
of opinion and expression, the right to work and education, and many more.
Everyone is entitled to these rights, without discrimination.
What are the different types of discrimination?
• Age Discrimination
• Disability Discrimination
• Sexual Orientation
• Religious Discrimination
• National Origin
• Pregnancy
• Sexual Harassment
• Race, Color, and Sex

Age Discrimination
- The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, as amended, protects
individuals who are 40 years of age and older from employment discrimination
based on age. Under this Act, it is unlawful to discriminate against a person
because of his/her age with respect to any term, condition, or privilege of
employment. These are some of the example of age discrimination in the work
place are hiring, firing, promotion, job assignments, and training.
Disability Discrimination
- Disability discrimination is when a person with a disability is treated less
favorably than a person without the disability in the same or similar
circumstances. For example, it would be ‗direct disability discrimination‘ if a
nightclub or restaurant refused a person entry because they are blind and have
a guide dog.
Sexual Orientation
- This is when you are treated differently because of your sexual orientation in
one of the situations that are covered by the Equality Act. The treatment could
be a one-off action or as a result of a rule or policy based on sexual orientation.
It doesn‘t have to be intentional to be unlawful.
Religion Discrimination
- This is when you are treated differently because of your religion or belief, or
lack of religion or belief, in one of the situations covered by the Equality Act.
The treatment could be a one-off action or as a result of a rule or policy. It does
not have to be intentional to be unlawful.
National Origin Discrimination
- National origin discrimination involves treating people (applicants or
employees) unfavorably because they are from a particular country or part of
the world, because of ethnicity or accent, or because they appear to be of a
certain ethnic background (even if they are not). National origin discrimination
also can involve treating people unfavorably because they are married to (or
associated with) a person of a certain national origin. Discrimination can occur
when the victim and the person who inflicted the discrimination are the same
national origin.
 Pregnancy Discrimination
- Pregnancy discrimination involves treating a woman (an applicant or
employee) unfavorably because of pregnancy, childbirth, or a medical condition
related to pregnancy or childbirth. Sexual Harassment It is unlawful to harass
a person because of that person's sex. Harassment can include "sexual
harassment" or unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and
other verbal or physical harassment of a sexual nature.
Race/Color Discrimination
- Race discrimination involves treating someone unfavorably because he/she is
of a certain race or because of personal characteristics associated with race
(such as hair texture, skin color, or certain facial features). Color
discrimination involves treating someone unfavorably because of skin color
complexion.

Declaration of Human rights are composed of 30 articles these are:

Article 1. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are
endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit
of brotherhood
Article 2. Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this
Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, color, sex, language,
religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other
status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political,
jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person
belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other
limitation of sovereignty.
Article 3. Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
Article 4. No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade
shall be prohibited in all their forms.
Article 5. No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading
treatment or punishment.
Article 6. Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the
law.
Article 7. All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination
to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any
discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such
discrimination.
Article 8. Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national
tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution
or by law.
Article 9. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.
Article 10. Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an
independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and
obligations and of any criminal charge against him.
Article 11.
(1) Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until
proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees
necessary for his defense.
(2) No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission
which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the
time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one
that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed.

Article 12. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy,
family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honor and reputation.
Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or
attacks.
Article 13.
(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders
of each state.
(2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to
his country.

Article 14.
(1) Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from
persecution.
(2) This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from
non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United
Nations.

Article 15.
(1) Everyone has the right to a nationality.
(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to
change his nationality.

Article 16.
(1) Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or
religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal
rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.
(2) Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending
spouses.
(3) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to
protection by society and the State.

Article 17.
(1) Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others.
(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.

Article 18. Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion;
this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone
or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief
in teaching, practice, worship and observance.
Article 19. Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right
includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and
impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.
Article 20.
(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.
(2) No one may be compelled to belong to an association.
Article 21.
(1) Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or
through freely chosen representatives.
(2) Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in his country.
(3) The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will
shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and
equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.

Article 22. Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is
entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in
accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social
and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his
personality.
Article 23.
(1) Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favorable
conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.
(2) Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work.
(3) Everyone who works has the right to just and favorable remuneration ensuring
for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented,
if necessary, by other means of social protection.
(4) Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his
interests.

Article 24. Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable
limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.
Article 25.
(1) Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well
being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, and housing and medical
care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of
unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in
circumstances beyond his control.
(2) Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children,
whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.

Article 26.
(1) Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the
elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory.
Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher
education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.
(2) Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and
to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall
promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or
religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the
maintenance of peace.
(3) Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to
their children.

Article 27.
(1) Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community,
to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits.
(2) Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests
resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author.
Article 28. Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights
and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.
Article 29.
(1) Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full
development of his personality is possible.
(2) In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such
limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due
recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just
requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic
society.
(3) These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the purposes
and principles of the United Nations.

Article 30. Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State,
group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the
destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein.