RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS – QRM (QUICK REVISION MODULES)

Relations and Functions

SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions (One option is correct)

1. If 𝐴 = {4,8} and 𝐵 = {𝑝, 𝑞, 𝑟}, then 𝐴 × 𝐵 is equal to

(1) {(4, 𝑝), (8, 𝑞), (4, 𝑞)}
(2) {(4, 𝑝), (4, 𝑟), (8, 𝑝), (8, 𝑟)}
(3) {(4𝑝, 8𝑞), (4𝑟, 8𝑞)}
(4) {(4, 𝑝), (4, 𝑞), (4, 𝑟), (8, 𝑝), (8, 𝑞), (8, 𝑟)}
Sol. Answer (4)

2. If 𝐴 = {2,3,7,9} and 𝑛(𝐴 × 𝐵) = 12, then the number of elements in set 𝐵 is

(1) 4
(2) 3
(3) 2
(4) 8

Sol. Answer (2)

3. If 𝐴 = {5,7,8} and 𝐵 = {9,11}, then

(1) (9,5) ∈ 𝐴 × 𝐵
(2) (7,8) ∈ 𝐴 × 𝐵
(3) (5,11) ∈ 𝐴 × 𝐵
(4) (9,11) ∈ 𝐴 × 𝐵

Sol. Answer (3)

4. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are any two sets, then

(1) 𝐴 × 𝐵 = 𝐵 × 𝐴
(2) 𝐴 × 𝐵 ⊂ 𝐵 × 𝐴
(3) 𝐵 × 𝐴 ⊂ 𝐴 × 𝐵
(4) 𝑛(𝐴 × 𝐵) = 𝑛(𝐵 × 𝐴)

Sol. Answer (4)

1
5. The relation 𝑅 from 𝐴 to 𝐵 is given as 𝑅 = {(1,2), (2,5), (2 , 7)}. The domain of 𝑅 is
(1) {1,2}
(2) {2,5,7}
1
(3) {1,2, }
2
1
(4) {1,2,5, 2 , 7}

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 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS – QRM (QUICK REVISION MODULES)

Sol. Answer (3)

6. The relation 𝑅 from 𝐴 to 𝐵 is given as 𝑅 = {(5,3), (2,7), (8,5)}. The range of 𝑅 is

(1) {5,2,8}
(2) {3,7,5}
(3) {2,3,5,7,8}
(4) {2,3,5,7}

Sol. Answer (2)

7. If 𝑅 is a relation from a set 𝐴 to set 𝐵, then

(1) 𝑅 ⊂ 𝐵 × 𝐴
(2) 𝑅 ⊂ 𝐴 × 𝐵
(3) 𝑅 = 𝐴 × 𝐵
(4) 𝐴 × 𝐵 ⊂ 𝑅

Sol. Answer (2)

8. If 𝐴 = {2,4,6}, then domain of the relation 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝐴, |𝑎| − |𝑏| is even number
} defined on 𝐴 is
(1) {2,4}
(2) {4,6}
(3) {(2,6)
(4) {2,4,6}

Sol. Answer (4)

9. Number of relations that can be defined on the set 𝐴 = {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐} is

(1) 23
(2) 6
(3) 32
(4) 29

Sol. Answer (4)

10. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are two sets such that 𝐴 × 𝐵 = 𝜙, then which of the following must be true?
(1) 𝐴 = 𝜙 and 𝐵 ≠ 𝜙
(2) 𝐴 = 𝜙 and/or 𝐵 = 𝜙
(3) 𝐴 ≠ 𝜙 and 𝐵 = 𝜙
(4) 𝐴 = 𝜙 and 𝐵 = 𝜙

Sol. Answer (2)

11. If 𝐴 = {−1,1}, then 𝐴 × 𝐴 × 𝐴 is equal to

(1) {(−1,1), (1, −1)}

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(2) {(−1, −1), (1,1)}

(3) {(−1, −1), (−1,1), (1, −1), (1,1)}
(4) {(−1, −1, −1), (−1, −1,1), (−1,1, −1), (−1,1,1), (1, −1, −1), (1, −1,1), (1,1, −1), (1,1,1)}

Sol. Answer (4)

12. If 𝐴 = {𝑥1 , 𝑦1 , 𝑧1 } and 𝐵 = {𝑥2 , 𝑦2 }, then the number of relations from 𝐴 to 𝐵 is

(1) 8
(2) 16
(3) 32
(4) 64

Sol. Answer (4)

13. Let 𝑋 be any non-empty set containing 𝑛 elements, then the number of relations on 𝑋
is
2
(1) 2𝑛
(2) 2𝑛
(3) 22𝑛
(4) 𝑛2

Sol. Answer (1)

14. If 𝐴 = {1,2,3,4,5}, then the number of relations that can be defined on 𝐴 is

(1) 25
(2) 52
(3) 225
(4) 45

Sol. Answer (3)

2
Number of relations that can be defined from 𝐴 to 𝐴 = 2𝑛 , where 𝑛 = 5

= 225

15. If 𝐴 = {1,2,3,4,5} and 𝐵 = {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑}, then the number of relations that can be
defined from 𝐴 to 𝐵 is
(1) 20
(2) 220
(3) 29
(4) 9
Sol. Answer (2)
Number of relations that can be defined from 𝐴 to 𝐵 = 2𝑚𝑛 , where 𝑚 = 5 and 𝑛 = 4

= 220

16. Let 𝐴 = {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑}. Which of the following relations is a function from 𝐴 to 𝐴 ?
(1) {(𝑎, 𝑏), (𝑏, 𝑑), (𝑐, 𝑎), (𝑑, 𝑏)}

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(2) {(𝑎, 𝑏), (𝑎, 𝑐), (𝑏, 𝑎)}

(3) {(𝑎, 𝑏), (𝑏, 𝑐), (𝑐, 𝑑)}
(4) {(𝑎, 𝑎), (𝑎, 𝑏), (𝑏, 𝑐), (𝑏, 𝑑)}
Sol. Answer (1)
A relation will be a function from 𝐴 to 𝐵 if every element of 𝐴 has one image in 𝐵.
All the elements of 𝐴 are connected to 𝐵 only in option (1).

17. Let 𝑅1 and 𝑅2 be equivalence relations on a set 𝐴, then 𝑅1 ∪ 𝑅2 may or may not be
(1) Reflexive
(2) Symmetric
(3) Transitive
(4) None of these

Sol. Answer (3)

If 𝑅1 and 𝑅2 are transitive on a set 𝐴, then 𝑅1 ∪ 𝑅2 may or may not be transitive. As an
example, consider the set 𝐴 = {1,2,3}.

Let 𝑅1 = {(1,1), (2,2), (3,3), (1,2), (2,1)} and 𝑅2 = {(1,1), (2,2), (3,3), (1,3), (3,1)} then both
𝑅1 and 𝑅2 are equivalence relations on 𝐴. However, 𝑅1 ∪ 𝑅2 =
{(1,1), (2,2), (3,3), (1,2), (2,1), (3,1), (1,3)} is not transitive as (2,1) and (1,3) ∈ 𝑅1 ∪ 𝑅2 but
(2,3) ∉ 𝑅1 ∪ 𝑅2 .

18. Let 𝑅 be the relation defined on the set 𝑊 of whole numbers by the rule 𝑥𝑅𝑦 iff 4𝑥 +
5𝑦 = 20, then domain of 𝑅 is
(1) {4,5}
(2) {0,5}
(3) {0,4}
(4) {0,2}

Sol. Answer (2)

20−4𝑥
Here, 𝑦 = 5
4
⇒𝑦 =4− 𝑥
5
Values of 𝑥 for which 𝑥 and 𝑦 both are whole numbers is 0,5 .
∴ Domain of 𝑅 is {0,5}.

19. A relation 𝑅{(𝑥, 𝑦): |𝑥 − 𝑦|} is divisible by 3 ; 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅; (set of real numbers) }, then 𝑅 is
(1) Symmetric
(2) Reflexive
(3) Transitive
(4) All of these

Sol. Answer (4)

Reflexivity : Let 𝑥 be an arbitrary element of 𝑅 and 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅.
⇒ |𝑥 − 𝑥| = 0 which is divisible by 3
⇒ 𝑥𝑅1 𝑥
Hence, 𝑅1 is reflexive.

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Symmetric : Let (𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ 𝑅1

If |𝑥 − 𝑦| is divisible by 3
⇒ |𝑦 − 𝑥| is also divisible by 3
⇒ (𝑦, 𝑥) ∈ 𝑅1

Hence, 𝑅1 is symmetric.
Transitive : Let 𝑥𝑅𝑦 and 𝑦𝑅𝑧
⇒ |𝑥 − 𝑦| = 3𝑚 and |𝑦 − 𝑧| = 3𝑛, where 𝑚 and 𝑛 are integers.
According to sign of modulus, after subtracting or adding both equations, we can observe
that |𝑥 − 𝑧| is also divisible by 3 .
⇒ 𝑥𝑅𝑧
Hence, 𝑅 is transitive also.

20. Let 𝐴 = {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑} and 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑎), (𝑏, 𝑏), (𝑎, 𝑐), (𝑐, 𝑎)}, then 𝑅 is
(1) Reflexive
(2) Symmetric
(3) Transitive
(4) Equivalence

Sol. Answer (2)

Reflexivity : 𝑅 is not reflexive because for 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴, (𝑥, 𝑥) ∉ 𝑅(∵ each element of 𝐴 is not
related )
Symmetric: For (𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ 𝑅
⇒ (𝑦, 𝑥) also ∈ 𝑅
Hence, 𝑅 is symmetric.
Transitive : We observe that (𝑐, 𝑎) ∈ 𝑅 and (𝑎, 𝑐) ∈ 𝑅, but (𝑐, 𝑐) ∉ 𝑅.
Hence, 𝑅 is not transitive.

21. Let 𝐴 = {1,2,3,4}. Which of the following is an equivalence relation of 𝐴 ?

(1) {(1,1), (2,2), (1,2), (2,1)}
(2) {(1,2), (2,1), (3,1), (1,3)}
(3) {(1,2), (4,1), (1,4), (3,1)}
(4) {(1,1), (2,2), (3,3), (4,4), (1,2), (2,1)}

Sol. Answer (4)

Options (1), (2), (3) are not reflexive.
Only option (4) is equivalence relation on 𝐴.

22. Let 𝑅 be a relation defined on set 𝐴 = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8} such that 𝑅 = {(2,3)(4,5)(7,8)}.

If the domain of 𝑅 is set 𝐵 and range is set 𝐶, then 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶 is
(1) 𝜙
(2) {2,4,7}
(3) {3,5,8}
(4) {3}

Sol. Answer (1)

𝐵 = {2,4,7}, 𝐶 = {3,5,8} ⇒ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶 = 𝜙

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23. Consider two sets 𝐴 = {𝑎, 𝑏}, 𝐵 = {𝑒, 𝑓}. If maximum numbers of relations from 𝐴 to
𝐵, 𝐴 to 𝐴, 𝐵 to 𝐵 are 𝑙, 𝑚, 𝑛 respectively then the value of 2𝑙 − 𝑚 − 𝑛 is
(1) 8
(2) 0
(3) 16
(4) 32

Sol. Answer (2)

𝐼 = 24 = 16, 𝑚 = 24 = 16, 𝑛 = 24 = 16,
⇒ 2𝑙 − 𝑚 − 𝑛 = 0

24. Consider three sets 𝐴 = {1,2,3}, 𝐵 = {3,4,5,6}, 𝐶 = {6,7,8,9}. 𝑅1 is defined from 𝐴 to 𝐵

such that 𝑅1 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 4𝑥 < 𝑦, 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵}. Similarly 𝑅2 is defined from 𝐵 to 𝐶 such that
𝑅2 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 2𝑥 ≤ 𝑦, 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 and 𝑦 ∈ 𝐶}, then 𝑅2−1 ∘ 𝑅1 is
(1) {(3,1)}
(2) {(1,1)}
(3) {(1,3)}
(4) 𝜙

Sol. Answer (3)

𝑅1 = {(1,5), (1,6)}, 𝑅2 = {(3,6), (3,7), (3,8), (3,9), (4,8), (4,9)}
𝑅2−1 = {(6,3), (7,3), (8,3), (9,3), (8,4), (9,4)}
𝑅2−1 ∘ 𝑅1 = {(1,3)}

25. Consider the set 𝐴 = {3,4,5} and the numbers of null relations, identity relation,
universal relations, reflexive relations on 𝐴 are respectively 𝑛1 , 𝑛2 , 𝑛3 and 𝑛4 then the
value of 𝑛1 + 𝑛2 + 𝑛3 + 𝑛4 is equal to
(1) 8
(2) 7
(3) 73
(4) 67

Sol. Answer (4)

𝑛1 = 1, 𝑛2 = 1, 𝑛3 = 1, 𝑛4 = 29−3 = 26 = 64
⇒ 𝑛1 + 𝑛2 + 𝑛3 + 𝑛4 = 1 + 1 + 1 + 64 = 67

26. If 𝑛(𝐴) = 3, 𝑛(𝐵) = 2, 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 2, then total number of relations from 𝐴 to 𝐵 is

(1) 64
(2) 32
(3) 8
(4) 2

Sol. Answer (1)

Relations = 26 = 64

27. Let 𝐿 be the set of all straight lines in a plane. 𝐼1 and 𝐼2 are two lines in the set. 𝑅1 , 𝑅2
and 𝑅3 are defined relations.

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(i) 𝐼1 𝑅1 𝐼2 : 𝐼1 is parallel to 𝐼2
(ii) 𝐼1 𝑅2 𝐼2 : 𝐼1 is perpendicular to 𝐼2
(iii) 𝐼1 𝑅3 𝐼2 : 𝐼1 intersects 𝐼2 .

Then which of the following is true?

(1) 𝑅1 , 𝑅2 and 𝑅3 are equivalence
(2) 𝑅1 is equivalence
(3) 𝑅2 and 𝑅3 are reflexive
(4) 𝑅1 , 𝑅2 and 𝑅3 are not symmetric

Sol. Answer (2)

𝑅1 is reflexive, symmetric as well as transitive
𝑅2 is not reflexive and transitive but it is symmetric
𝑅3 is reflexive, symmetric as well as transitive hence 𝑅1 is equivalence

28. Let 𝑅 be a relation on 𝐴 = {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐} such that

𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑎), (𝑏, 𝑏), (𝑐, 𝑐)},
then 𝑅 is
(1) Reflexive only
(2) Symmetric only
(3) Non-transitive
(4) Equivalence

Sol. Answer (4)

Clearly 𝑅 is equivalence

29. Consider the following statements on a set

𝐴 = {1,2,3}
𝑆1 : 𝑅 = {(1,1), (2,2)} is a reflexive relation on 𝐴
𝑆2 : 𝑅 = {(3,3)} is symmetric and transitive but not reflexive on 𝐴
Which of the following statement on set 𝐴 is true?
(1) 𝑆1 only
(2) 𝑆2 only
(3) Both 𝑆1 and 𝑆2
(4) Neither 𝑆1 nor 𝑆2

Sol. Answer (2)

𝑆1 : 𝑅 is not reflexive due to the absence of (3,3)
𝑆2 : 𝑅 is symmetric and transitive
1
30. Let 𝑅 be the relation on the set of all real numbers defined by 𝑥𝑅𝑦 iff |𝑥 − 𝑦| ≤ 2.
Then 𝑅 is
(1) Reflexive only
(2) Symmetric only
(3) Transitive only
(4) Reflexive and symmetric both

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Sol. Answer (4)

1
𝑥𝑅𝑥: |𝑥 − 𝑥| ≤ 2, Which is true hence 𝑅 is reflexive

𝑥𝑅𝑦 ⇒ 𝑦𝑅𝑥
1 1
Because |𝑥 − 𝑦| ≤ 2 ⇒ |𝑦 − 𝑥| ≤ 2
Hence, 𝑅 is symmetric, but 𝑅 is not transitive.

31. Let 𝑅 = {(1,2), (2,3)} be a relation defined on set {1,2,3}. The minimum number of
ordered pairs required to be added in 𝑅, such that enlarged relation becomes an
equivalence relation is
(1) 3
(2) 5
(3) 7
(4) 9

Sol. Answer (3)

𝑅 = {(1,2), (2,3)}
If 𝑅 is equivalence then 𝑅 will as
𝑅 = {(1,1), (2,2), (3,3), (1,2), (2,1), (2,3), (3,2), (1,3), (3,1)}
Added order pairs = 7

32. Let 𝑛 be a fixed positive integer. Let a relation 𝑅 be defined on 𝑍, as 𝑎𝑅𝑏 iff, 𝑛 is
divisible by 𝑎 − 𝑏, then relation 𝑅 is
(1) Reflexive
(2) Symmetric
(3) Transitive
(4) All of these

Sol. Answer (2)

𝑅 is not reflexive because if 𝑎 = 𝑏 then 𝑎 − 𝑏 = 0
𝑛
or 𝑎 − 𝑎 = 0, in this case 0 is not possible
but 𝑅 is clearly symmetric

33. Let 𝑆 be the set of all real numbers. Then, the relation 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 1 + 𝑎𝑏 > 0} on 𝑆 is
(1) Reflexive and symmetric but not transitive
(2) Reflexive and transitive but not symmetric
(3) Symmetric and transitive but not reflexive
(4) Reflexive, symmetric and transitive

Sol. Answer (1)

𝑅 is reflexive as 1 + 𝑎 × 𝑎 = 1 + 𝑎2 > 0
𝑅 is symmetric because, if 1 + 𝑎𝑏 > 0 ⇒ 1 + 𝑏𝑎 > 0
But 𝑅 is not transitive in all case

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For example
1 1 1 1
( ) 𝑅 (− ) as 1 + (− ) > 0
2 3 2 3
1 1
and (− 3) 𝑅(−4) as 1 + (− 3) (−4) > 0
1 1
But (2) 𝑅(−4) is not possible as 1 + 2 (−4) = −1 < 0
Hence, 𝑅 is not transitive.

34. Let 𝐴 = {1,2,3,4,5} and let 𝐵 = 𝐴 × 𝐴. Define the relation 𝑅 on 𝐴 as follows

(𝑎, 𝑏)𝑅(𝑐, 𝑑) if and only if 𝑎𝑑 = 𝑐𝑏. Then 𝑅 is
(1) Reflexive only
(2) Symmetric only
(3) Transitive only
(4) Equivalence

Sol. Answer (4)

𝑎 𝑎
(1) (𝑎, 𝑏)𝑅(𝑎, 𝑏): = , hence 𝑅 is reflexive
𝑏 𝑏
𝑎 𝑐
(2) (𝑎, 𝑏)𝑅(𝑐, 𝑑): 𝑏 = 𝑑
𝑐 𝑎
(𝑐, 𝑑)𝑅(𝑎, 𝑏): =
𝑑 𝑏
Hence, 𝑅 is symmetric.
𝑎 𝑐
(3) (𝑎, 𝑏)𝑅(𝑐, 𝑑): =
𝑏 𝑑
𝑐 𝑒
(𝑐, 𝑑)𝑅(𝑑, 𝑓): =
𝑑 𝑓
𝑎 𝑒
By (i), (ii) ⇒ =
𝑏 𝑓
⇒ (𝑎, 𝑏)𝑅(𝑒, 𝑓), hence 𝑅 is transitive.
Hence 𝑅 is equivalence.

35. For real numbers 𝑥 and 𝑦 define a relation 𝑅, 𝑥𝑅𝑦 iff |𝑥| = |𝑦|, the relation 𝑅 is
(1) Reflexive only
(2) Symmetric only
(3) Transitive only
(4) Equivalence only

Sol. Answer (4)

Reflexivity : Let 𝑥 be an arbitrary element of 𝑅 and 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅.
⇒ |𝑥| = |𝑥|
⇒ 𝑥𝑅1 𝑥
Hence, 𝑅1 is reflexive.
Symmetric : Let (𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ 𝑅1 .
If |𝑥| = |𝑦|
⇒ |𝑦| = |𝑥|
⇒ (𝑦, 𝑥) ∈ 𝑅1
Hence, 𝑅1 is symmetric.
Transitive : Let (𝑥, 𝑦) and (𝑦, 𝑧) ∈ 𝑅.
⇒ |𝑥| = |𝑦| and |𝑦| = |𝑧|
⇒ |𝑥| = |𝑧|
⇒ (𝑥, 𝑧) ∈ 𝑅1

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Hence, 𝑅1 is transitive.
Thus, 𝑅 is an equivalence relation.

36. If 𝑅1 and 𝑅2 are two non-empty relations in a set A . Which of the following is not
true?
(1) If 𝑅1 and 𝑅2 are transitive, then 𝑅1 ∪ 𝑅2 is transitive
(2) If 𝑅1 and 𝑅2 are transitive, then 𝑅1 ∩ 𝑅2 is transitive
(3) If 𝑅1 and 𝑅2 are symmetric, then 𝑅1 ∪ 𝑅2 is symmetric
(4) If 𝑅1 and 𝑅2 are reflexive, then 𝑅1 ∩ 𝑅2 is reflexive

Sol. Answer (2)

Clearly (1),(3),(4) are true

37. For real numbers 𝑥 and 𝑦 defined a relation 𝑅, 𝑥𝑅𝑦 iff 𝑥 < 𝑦, the relation 𝑅 is
(1) Reflexive only
(2) Symmetric only
(3) Transitive only
(4) Equivalence

Sol. Answer (3)

Reflexivity : Let 𝑥 be an arbitrary element of 𝑅 and 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅.
⇒ 𝑥 < 𝑥 which is not true
Hence, 𝑅 is not reflexive.
Symmetric: Let (𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ 𝑅.
If 𝑥 < 𝑦 ⇒ 𝑦 < 𝑥 which is not true.
Hence, 𝑅 is not symmetric.
Transitive : Let 𝑥𝑅𝑦 and 𝑦𝑅𝑧
⇒ 𝑥 < 𝑦 and 𝑦 < 𝑧
⇒𝑥<𝑧
So, 𝑅 is transitive.

38. Let 𝑅 be the real line. Consider the following subset of the plane 𝑅 × 𝑅. 𝑆 =
{(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 1 and 0 < 𝑥 < 2}, 𝑇 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 − 𝑦 is an integer }. Which one of the
following is true?
(1) Neither 𝑆 nor 𝑇 is an equivalence relation on 𝑅
(2) Both 𝑆 and 𝑇 are equivalence relations on 𝑅
(3) 𝑆 is an equivalence relation on 𝑅 but 𝑇 is not
(4) 𝑇 is an equivalence relation on 𝑅 but 𝑆 is not

Sol. Answer (4)

Clearly, 𝑇 is an equivalence relation i.e., reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
But for 𝑆 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 1}
∵ 𝑥 ≠ 𝑥 + 1 ⇒ (𝑥, 𝑥) ∉ 𝑆 ⇒ 𝑆 is not reflexive.
∴ 𝑆 is not equivalence relation.

39. Let 𝐴 be a finite set containing 𝑛 distinct elements. The number of functions that can
be defined from 𝐴 to 𝐴 is

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(1) 2𝑛
(2) 𝑛2
(3) 𝑛!
(4) 𝑛𝑛

Sol. Answer (4)

Since each element of 𝐴 can be associated to any one of the 𝑛 elements of 𝐴, therefore,
number of functions that can be defined from 𝐴 to 𝐴 is 𝑛𝑛 .

40. Which of the following relation is a function?

(1) {(1,4), (2,6), (1,5), (3,9)}
(2) {(3,3), (2,1), (1,2), (2,3)}
(3) {(1,2), (2,2), (3,2), (4,2)}
(4) {(3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4)}

Sol. Answer (3)

From definition, option (3) represents a function.

41. Let 𝐴 = {2,3,5}, 𝐵 = {10,12,15}, then which of the following is a function from 𝐴 to 𝐵 ?
(1) {(2,10), (2,12), (2,15)}
(2) {(2,10), (3,12), (3,15)}
(3) {(2,12), (3,10), (5,10)}
(4) {(2,10), (3,12), (3,15), (5,15)}

Sol. Answer (3)

42. Which of the following is a function?

(1) {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑦 = |𝑥|; 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅}
(2) {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑦 2 = 𝑥; 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅}
(3) {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1; 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅}
(4) {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 1; 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅}

Sol. Answer (1)

43. Let 𝑛(𝐴) = 𝑚 and 𝑛(𝐵) = 𝑛. The total number of non-empty relations that can be
defined from 𝐴 to 𝐵 is
(1) 𝑚𝑛
(2) 𝑛𝑚 − 1
(3) 𝑚𝑛 − 1
(4) 2𝑚𝑛 − 1

Sol. Answer (4)

44. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏, where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are integers, 𝑓(−1) = −5 and 𝑓(3) = 3, then 𝑎 and 𝑏
are respectively
(1) 𝑎 = −3, −𝑏 = −1

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(2) 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = 3
(3) 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = −3
(4) 𝑎 = 0, 𝑏 = 2

Sol. Answer (3)

𝑥 2 +2𝑥+1
45. Domain of the function defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = is given by
𝑥 2 −𝑥−6
(1) 𝑅 − {3, −2}
(2) 𝑅 − {−3,2}
(3) 𝑅 − [3, −2]
(4) 𝑅 − (3,2)

Sol. Answer (1)

46. Domain of the function 𝑓 given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 − |𝑥 − 5| is

(1) 𝑅 +
(2) 𝑅 − {5}
(3) 𝑅 − {−5}
(4) 𝑅

Sol. Answer (4)

log2 (𝑥+3)
47. The domain of 𝑓(𝑥) = is
𝑥 2 +3𝑥+2
(1) 𝑅 − {−1, −2}
(2) (−2, +∞)
(3) 𝑅 − {−1,2, −3}
(4) (−3, +∞) − {−1, −2}

Sol. Answer (4)

𝑥 + 3 > 0 ⇒ 𝑥 > −3
𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2 ≠ 0 ⇒ (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 2) ≠ 0 ⇒ 𝑥 ≠ −1, −2

Hence,
𝐷𝑓 ∈ (−3, ∞) − {−2, −1}

48. Let 𝐵 = {1,2,3,4,5, … 30}, 𝐴 = {2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}. A relation is defined from 𝐴 to 𝐵

defined by 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑏 = 4𝑎, 𝑎 ∈ 𝐴, 𝑏 ∈ 𝐵}, then which of the following is false?
(1) Domain of 𝑅 = {2,3,4,5,6,7}
(2) Range of 𝑅 = {8,12,16,20,24,28}
(3) Codomain of 𝑅 = 𝐵
(4) Pre-image of 27 is 3

Sol. Answer (4)

𝑅 = {(2,8), (3,12), (4,16), (5,20), (6,24), (7,28)}
It is clear that option 4 is false. Pre-image of 27 does not exist

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49. Let 𝐴 and 𝐵 are two sets such that 𝐴 × 𝐵 consists of 6 elements. If three elements of
𝐴 × 𝐵 = (1,2), (2,3), (4,3) then the remaining order pairs of 𝐴 × 𝐵 are
(1) (1,3), (2,2), (4,2)
(2) (3,1), (2,2), (4,2)
(3) (3,1), (2,4), (2,2)
(4) (1,3), (2,2), (2,4)

Sol. Answer (1)

𝐴 = {1,2,4}
𝐵 = {2,3}
𝐴 × 𝐵 = {(1,2), (1,3), (2,2), (2,3), (4,2), (4,3)}

50. Let 𝐴 = {4,5,7} and 𝐵 = {2,4,6} be two sets and let a relation 𝑅 be a relation from 𝐴 to
𝐵 is defined by 𝑅: {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 < 𝑦, 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵} then the difference between the sum of
elements of domain and range of 𝑅 is
(1) 2
(2) 3
(3) 4
(4) 5

Sol. Answer (2)

𝑅 = {(4,6), (5,6)}
Dom(𝑅) = {4,5}
Range (𝑅) = {6}

51. Let 𝐴 = {2,3,4}, 𝐵 = {3,4,5} be two sets and a relation 𝑅 is defined from 𝐴 to 𝐵 is such
that 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 divides 𝑦, 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵} then domain of 𝑅 is
(1) {2,3,4}
(2) {2,3} only
(3) {2,4} only
(4) {4,3} only

Sol. Answer (1)

𝑅 = {(2,4), (3,3), (4,4)}
Dom(𝑅) = {2,3,4}

3
52. Range of 𝑓(𝑥) = is
2−𝑥 2
3
(1) (−∞, 2]
3
(2) (−∞, 0) ∪ [2 , ∞)
3
(3) (−∞, 0] ∪ [2 , ∞)
2
(4) (−∞, ]
3

Sol. Answer (2)

−𝑥 2 ∈ (−∞, 0]
2 − 𝑥 2 ∈ (−∞, 2]

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1 1 3 3
⇒ 2
∈ (−∞, 0) ∪ [ , 0) ⇒ 2
∈ (−∞, 0) ∪ ( , ∞)
2−𝑥 2 2−𝑥 2

53. Range of 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 − 2| is

(1) (−∞, ∞)
(2) (−∞, 2]
(3) [0, ∞)
(4) (−2,2]

Sol. Answer (3)

54. Range of 𝑓(𝑥) = −|𝑥 − 3| is

(1) (−∞, ∞)
(2) (−∞, 3]
(3) (−3,3)
(4) (−∞, 0]

Sol. Answer (4)

1
55. Range of 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥−1 is
(1) (−∞, ∞)
(2) (−∞, 0]
(3) [0, ∞)
(4) 𝑅 − {0}

Sol. Answer (4)

2𝑥 − 1 ∈ (−∞, ∞)
1
⇒ ∈ 𝑅 − {0}
2𝑥 − 1

|𝑥−5|
56. Range of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥−5
is
(1) [−5,5]
(2) {−5,5}
(3) {−1,1}
(4) {1,5}

Sol. Answer (3)

For 𝑥 > 5
𝑥−5
𝑓(𝑥) = =1
𝑥−5
for 𝑥 < 5
−(𝑥 − 5)
𝑓(𝑥) = = −1
(𝑥 − 5)
Hence 𝑅𝑓 = {−1,1}

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57. If 𝑓(𝑥) is an identity function, then 𝑓(5) is equal to

(1) 0
1
(2)
5
(3) 1
(4) 5

Sol. Answer (4)

1
58. For a constant function 𝑓(𝑥), given that 𝑓 ( ) = 4. The value of 𝑓(2) is
2
1
(1) 2
(2) 2
(3) 4
(4) 8

Sol. Answer (3)

59. If 𝑓 be a function defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 for each 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, then 𝑓 is called

(1) Constant function
(2) Identity function
(3) Modulus function
(4) Signum function

Sol. Answer (2)

60. If 𝑓 be a function defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑝 for each 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, where 𝑝 is a real number, then 𝑓
is called
(1) Constant function
(2) Identity function
(3) Modulus function
(4) Signum function

Sol. Answer (1)

𝑓(𝑥)
61. If 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) are polynomial functions of 𝑥, then domain of 𝑔(𝑥) is
(1) (−∞, 0]
(2) [0, ∞)
(3) 𝑅
(4) 𝑅 − {𝑥: 𝑔(𝑥) = 0, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅}

Sol. Answer (4)

62. The function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 7 is an example of

(1) Identity function
(2) Constant function

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(3) Polynomial function

(4) Modulus function

Sol. Answer (3)

63. If 𝑓(𝑥) is a signum function, then 𝑓(10) is equal to

(1) -1
(2) 0
(3) 1
(4) 10

Sol. Answer (3)

64. For a signum function 𝑓(𝑥), the value of 𝑓(𝑥) at 𝑥 = −4 is

(1) -1
(2) 0
(3) -4
(4) 4

Sol. Answer (1)

65. If 𝑓(𝑥) is a greatest integer function, then 𝑓(−2.5) is equal to

(1) -3
(2) -2
(3) 2
(4) 3

Sol. Answer (1)

𝑓(1.5)−𝑓(1)
66. The value of 0.25
, where 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 , is
(1) 1
(2) 1.5
(3) 2.5
(4) 5

Sol. Answer (4)

67. Which of the following can represent a linear function for each 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 ?
(1) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 5
1
(2) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2
(3) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐, 𝑚 ≠ 0
(4) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 + 2

Sol. Answer (3)

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68. The maximum number of values of 𝑥 if |𝑥 − 2| + |𝑥 − 4| = 2 is

(1) 1
(2) 2
(3) 3
(4) Infinitely many

Sol. Answer (4)

If 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4 then
|𝑥 − 2| = 𝑥 − 2
|𝑥 − 4| = −(𝑥 − 4)
Then |𝑥 − 2| + |𝑥 − 4| = 2
Therefore infinite values of 𝑥|𝑥 − 2| + |𝑥 − 4| = 2

69. The value of 𝑥 if 0 ≤ |2𝑥 + 3| ≤ 3 belongs to

(1) [−3,0]
(2) [1,2]
(3) [2,3]
(4) [3,4]

Sol. Answer (1)

0 ≤ |2𝑥 + 3| ≤ 3
⇒ 0 ≤ 2𝑥 + 3 ≤ 3 or −3 ≤ 2𝑥 + 3 ≤ 0
On solving we get 𝑥 ∈ [−3,0]

70. If |𝑥 + 4| + |𝑥 − 4| = 2|𝑥| and |𝑥 + 1| + |5 − 𝑥| = 6, then 𝑥 belongs to

(1) [4,6]
(2) [−1,4]
(3) [4,5]
(4) [−2, −1]

Sol. Answer (3)

We know that
|𝑥 + 𝑦| = |𝑥| + |𝑦| if 𝑥𝑦 ≥ 0
Therefore (𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 − 4) ≥ 0
𝑥 ∈ (−∞, −4] ∪ [4, ∞)
And (𝑥 + 1)(5 − 𝑥) ≥ 0

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𝑥 ∈ [−1,5]
From (i) and (ii) 𝑥 ∈ [4,5]

71. If [ ] and { } represents the greatest integer function and fractional function then the
graph of 𝑦 = [𝑥] and 𝑦 = {𝑥} respectively are parallel to
(1) 𝑥-axis, 𝑦-axis
(2) 𝑦-axis, 𝑥-axis
(3) 𝑥-axis, 𝑦 = 𝑥
(4) 𝑦 = 2𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 1

Sol. Answer (3)

It is clear by the graph of [𝑥] and {𝑥}

72. If −1 ≤ [2𝑥 2 − 3] < 2, then 𝑥 belongs to

5
(1) −√2 < 𝑥 ≤ −1 only
5
(2) 1 ≤ 𝑥 < √2 only
5 5
(3) −√ < 𝑥 ≤ −1 or 1 ≤ 𝑥 < √
2 2
(4) −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1

Sol. Answer (3)

−1 ≤ [2𝑥 2 − 3] < 2
−1 ≤ 2𝑥 2 − 3 < 2 [because 𝑛1 ≤ [𝑥] < 𝑛2 , 𝑛1 ≤ 𝑥 < 𝑛2 ]
2 ≤ 2𝑥 2 < 5
5
1 ≤ 𝑥2 <
2
√5 5
On solving 𝑥 ∈ (− 2
, −1] ∪ [1, √2)

1+𝑥 3𝑥+𝑥 3
73. If 𝑓(𝑥) = log (1−𝑥), then 𝑓 (1+3𝑥2 ) is equal to
(1) (𝑓(𝑥))3
(2) (𝑓(𝑥))2
(3) 3𝑓(𝑥)
(4) 2𝑓(𝑥)

Sol. Answer (3)

3𝑥 + 𝑥 3
3𝑥 + 𝑥 3 1 + 3 2 3
𝑓( ) = log ( 1 + 3𝑥 2 ) = log (𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 1) = log (𝑥 + 1)
1 + 3𝑥 2 3𝑥 + 𝑥 3 1 − 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 (1 − 𝑥)3
1− 2
1 + 3𝑥
1+𝑥 3
= log ( ) = 3𝑓(𝑥)
1−𝑥
1 1
74. The domain of 𝑓(𝑥) = log |𝑥| + + log |𝑥| is 𝑅 − 𝐴 where 𝐴 is the set
√|𝑥|
(1) {−1,0,1}

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(2) {−1,1}
(3) {2,3,4}
(4) {0,1,2}

Sol. Answer (1)

1 1
𝑓(𝑥) = log |𝑥| + +
√|𝑥| log |𝑥|
Clearly 𝑥 ≠ 0,1 and -1

75. The largest set of real values of 𝑥 for which

1
𝑓(𝑥) = √(𝑥 + 2)(5 − 𝑥) − 2 is a real function is
√𝑥 −4
(1) [1,2) ∪ (2,5]
(2) (2,5]
(3) [3,4]
1
(4) [ , 1]
√2

Sol. Answer (2)

1
𝑓(𝑥) = √(𝑥 + 2)(5 − 𝑥) −
√𝑥 2 − 4
For 𝑓(𝑥) to be real, we have
(𝑥 + 2)(5 − 𝑥) ≥ 0 and 𝑥 2 − 4 > 0
i.e. (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 5) ≤ 0 &(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2) > 0

Required Domain (2,5]

𝑥 2 +1
76. The domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = ln(𝑥 2 +1) is
(1) [0, ∞)
(2) (−∞, 0]
(3) (−∞, ∞)
(4) (−∞, ∞) − {0}

Sol. Answer (4)

𝑥2 + 1
𝑓(𝑥) =
ln(𝑥 2 + 1)
𝑥 2 +1
for 𝑓(𝑥) to be real ln(𝑥 2 +1) should be real which is real for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 − {0}

77. The domain of definition of the function

𝑓(𝑥) = log 3/2 log1/2 log 𝜋 log 𝜋/4 𝑥 is
(1) (0, ∞)
𝜋 𝜋
(2) (0, ( 4 ) )
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
(3) (( ) , )
4 4
𝜋 𝜋
(4) (( 2 ) , ∞)

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Sol. Answer (3)

𝑓(𝑥) = log 3 log 1 log 𝜋 log 𝜋 𝑥
2 2 4
For 𝑓(𝑥) to be real
log 1 log 𝜋 log 𝜋 𝑥 > 0
2 4
1 0 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
⇒ 0 < log 𝜋 log 𝜋 𝑥 < ( ) = 1 ⇒ ( ) < 𝑥 <
4 2 4 4
0
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
⇒ 𝜋 < log 𝜋 𝑥 < 𝜋 ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ (( ) , )
4 4 4

78. The domain of log [𝑥+1] (𝑥 2 − 1), where [ ] represents greatest integer function, is
(1) (−∞, 0)
(2) (−∞, ∞)
(3) (1, ∞)
(4) (0, ∞)

Sol. Answer (3)

𝑓(𝑥) = log [𝑥+1] (𝑥 2 − 1)
For ' 𝑓 to be defined
𝑥 2 − 1 > 0 ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, −1) ∪ (1, ∞)
[𝑥 + 1] > 0, [𝑥 + 1] ≠ 1
𝑥 + 1 ≥ 1 ∪ 𝑥 + 1 ∉ [1,2)
𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑥 ∉ [0,1)
From (i) and (ii), 𝑥 ∈ (1, ∞)

79. The domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 2 − [𝑥]2 , where [•] denotes greatest integer
function less than or equal to 𝑥
(1) 𝑅
(2) [0, ∞) ∪ 𝑍
(3) (−∞, 0]
(4) 𝑅 +

Sol. Answer (2)

𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 2 − [𝑥]2 , where [.] denotes the G.I.F.
for 𝑓(𝑥) to be real

𝑥 2 − [𝑥]2 ≥ 0
⇒ (𝑥 + [𝑥])(𝑥 − [𝑥]) ≥ 0
⇒𝑥 + [𝑥]0, as 𝑥 − [𝑥] ≥ 0
⇒𝑥 ∈ [0, ∞) ∪ 𝑧

Hence domain (𝑓) = [0, ∞) ∪ 𝑍

80. The domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 − √1 − 𝑥 2 is

−1 1
(1) [−1, 2 ] ∪ [ 2 , 1]
√ √

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 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS – QRM (QUICK REVISION MODULES)

(2) [−1,1]
1 1
(3) (−∞, − 2] ∪ [ 2 , +∞)
√
1
(4) [ , 1]
√2

Sol. Answer (4)

𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 − √1 − 𝑥 2
for 𝑓(𝑥) to be real
𝑥 − √1 − 𝑥 2 ≥ 0 and √1 − 𝑥 2 ≥ 0
𝑥 2 ≥ 1 − 𝑥 2 and 1 − 𝑥 2 ≥ 0
⇒ 2𝑥 2 − 1 ≥ 0 and 𝑥 2 − 1 ≤ 0
1 1
⇒ (𝑥 + ) (𝑥 − ) ≥ 0 and (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) ≤ 0
√2 √2
1 1
⇒ 𝑥≤− or 𝑥 ≥ and 𝑥 ∈ [−1,1]
√2 √2
−1
But when 𝑥 ∈ (−1, 2 )
√
𝑥 − √1 − 𝑥 2 is negative
1
Hence required domain is [ 2 , 1]
√

81. The range of 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 + 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 is

(1) (−∞, ∞)
(2) (−∞, 1)
(3) (−∞, 3]
(4) (0, ∞)

Sol. Answer (3)

𝑓(𝑥) = −[𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 2]
Making perfect square
𝑓(𝑥) = −[𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 − 1 − 2]
𝑓(𝑥) = −(𝑥 − 1)2 + 3
Range of function is (−∞, 3]

82. The range of the expression 2𝑥 + 2−𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 3−𝑥 for 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, is

(1) (−∞, ∞)
(2) [4, ∞)
(3) (6, ∞)
(4) (8, ∞)

Sol. Answer (2)

𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 2−𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 3−𝑥
Applying A.M. - G.M. inequality

2𝑥 + 2−𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 3−𝑥 1
≥ (2𝑥 ⋅ 2−𝑥 ⋅ 3𝑥 ⋅ 3−𝑥 )4
4
⇒ 2𝑥 + 2−𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 3−𝑥 ≥ 4 ( equality holds at 𝑥 = 1)

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83. The range of the function 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) if (34)𝑥 + (34)𝑦 = 34 equals

(1) (−∞, −1)
(2) (−∞, 1)
(3) (−∞, 1]
(4) (1, ∞)
Sol. Answer (2)

(34)𝑥 + (37)𝑦 = 37
⇒ (34)𝑥 = 37 − 37𝑦
⇒ 𝑥 = log 34 (37 − 37𝑦 )
⇒ 37 − 37𝑦 > 0 ⇒ 𝑦 < 1
⇒ 𝑦 ∈ (−∞, 1)

84. Which of the following is a function?

(1) {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑦 2 = 𝑥, 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅}
(2) {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑦 = |𝑥|, 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅}
(3) {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1, 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅}
(4) {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 1, 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅}
Sol. Answer (2)
𝑦 = |𝑥| is a function because any line parallel to 𝑦-axis intersects the given graph at one
point only. Also for any values of 𝑥 is 𝑦 2 = 𝑥, 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1 and 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 1 gives more
than one values of 𝑦.
⇒ (1), (3), (4) are not functions.

85. If 𝑓(𝑥) is a polynomial function of the second degree such that 𝑓(−3) = 6, 𝑓(0) = 6
and 𝑓(2) = 11, then the graph of the function 𝑓(𝑥) cuts the ordinate at 𝑥 = 1 at the point
(1) (1,8)
(2) (1,4)
(3) (−2,1)
(4) (1,9)

Sol. Answer (1)

Let

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑓(0) = 6 ⇒ 𝑐 = 6
𝑓(−3) = 6 ⇒ 9𝑎 − 3𝑏 + 6 = 6 ⇒ 𝑏 = 3𝑎
𝑓(2) = 11 ⇒ 4𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 6 = 11
3
⇒ 𝑏 = and 𝑐 = 6
2

1 3
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 6
2 2

At 𝑥 = 1
1 3
𝑓(1) = × 1 + × 1 + 6 = 8
2 2

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1
86. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥−[𝑥]
𝑔(𝑥) = √ln{𝑥} − ln[𝑥]
𝑥 2 +2𝑥−3
ℎ(𝑥) = log (0.5+𝑥) (4𝑥 2 −4𝑥−3), where {𝑥}, [𝑥] represent fractional function and greatest
integer function then
(1) The domain of 𝑓(𝑥) is 𝑅 − 𝑍 +
1 1 1 3
(2) The domain of ℎ(𝑥) is (− 2 , 2) ∪ (2 , 1) ∪ (2 , ∞)
(3) The domain of 𝑔(𝑥) is 𝑅 +
(4) The domain of 𝑔(𝑥) is 𝑅

Sol. Answer (2)

{𝑥} = 0 if 𝑥 ∈ 𝐼 hence {𝑥}{𝑥} will not be defined at any integer [𝑥] = 0 if 𝑥 ∈ [0,1 ) hence
[𝑥][𝑥] will not be defined in [0,1 ), hence domain of 𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑥}{𝑥} + [𝑥][𝑥] will be 𝑅 − {𝐼 ∪
(0,1)}.

𝑥 2 +2𝑥−3
log(𝑥+0.5) ( 2 )
ℎ(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 0.5) 4𝑥 −4𝑥−3

𝑥 2 +2𝑥−3
For log (0.5+𝑥) (4𝑥 2 −4𝑥−3) to be defined.

𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3
>0
4𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 3
(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 1)
>0
1 3
(𝑥 + 2) (𝑥 − 2)
And (0.5 + 𝑥) > 0 and 𝑥 + 0.5 ≠ 1
1
𝑥 > − 2 𝑥 ≠ 0.5

1 1 1 3
Hence domain (− , ) ∪ ( , 1) ∪ ( , +∞)
2 2 2 2
𝑔(𝑥) = √ln{𝑥} − ln[𝑥]
ln{𝑥} − ln[𝑥] ≥ 0
ln{𝑥} ≥ ln[𝑥]
{𝑥} ≥ [𝑥]
⇒ 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, 1)
For logarithm to defined {𝑥} > 0 ∣ [𝑥] > 0
⇒ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 𝑥 ∈ [1, ∞)
Hence no common domain, hence domain is null set.

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87. The solution set for [𝑥]{𝑥} = 1 [where {𝑥} and [𝑥] are respectively fractional part and
greatest integer function.] is
(1) 𝑅 + − (0,1)
(2) 𝑅 + − {1}
1
(3) {𝑚 + 𝑚| 𝑚 ∈ 𝐼 − {0}}
1
(4) {𝑚 + 𝑚| 𝑚 ∈ 𝑁 − {1}}

Sol. Answer (4)

1
[𝑥] =
{𝑥}
𝑥 ∉ 𝐼 therefore if 𝑥 ∈ 𝐼, {𝑥} = 0 hence 𝐴 and 𝐵 options are wrong.
∵ {𝑥} ∈ [0,1)
1 1
{𝑥} = ⇒ If {𝑥} gives
[𝑥] 𝑚
1 1
∴ ∈ (1, ∞) ∴ {𝑥} = ,𝑚 ∈ 𝐼 [𝑥] gives 𝑚.
{𝑥} 𝑚
1
If 𝑥 = 𝑚 +𝑚,𝑚 ∈𝐼

1
⇒[𝑥] = [𝑚 + ]=𝑚
𝑚
1 1
{𝑥} = {𝑚 + } =
𝑚 𝑚
1 1 1
∴[𝑚 + ] = but 𝑚 ≠ 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = {𝑚 + | 𝑚 ∈ 𝑁 − {1}}
𝑚 1 𝑚
{𝑚 + 𝑚}

88. Domain of the function

−1
7
𝑓(𝑥) = √(5𝑥 − 6 − 𝑥 2 )[ln{𝑥}4 ] + √7𝑥 − 5 − 2𝑥 2 + (ln ( − 𝑥))
2

{.}𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑑[. ]𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠𝐺. 𝐼. 𝐹.
(1) 𝑅
5
(2) [1, 2]
(3) (1,2)
5
(4) (1,2) ∪ (2, 2]

Sol. Answer (4)

−1
7
𝑓(𝑥) = √(5𝑥 − 6 − 𝑥 2 )[{ln{𝑥}}] + √7𝑥 − 5 − 2𝑥 2 + (ln ( − 𝑥))
2
For log to be defined {𝑥} ≠ 0
⇒ 𝑥∉𝐼
7𝑥 − 5 − 2𝑥 2 ≥ 0
5
(𝑥 − 1) (𝑥 − ) ≤ 0
2

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5
𝑥 ∈ [1, ]
2
7
ln (2 − 𝑥) ≠ 0 being in denominator,

7
−𝑥 ≠1
2
5
𝑥≠
2
7
Also 2 − 𝑥 > 0

7
𝑥<
2
5
Domain (1,2) ∪ (2, 2) − {𝑝1/4 } where 𝑝 ∈ {2,3, … … … ,38,39}

89. If 𝑓(𝑥) is defined on (0,1), the domain of definition of 𝑓(𝑒 𝑥 ) + 𝑓(ln |𝑥|) is
(1) (0,1)
(2) 𝑅
(3) (−𝑒, −1)
(4) (−𝑒, 𝑒) − [−1,1]

Sol. Answer (3)

∵ 𝑓(𝑥) is defined from (0,1) ∴ 𝑥 ∈ (0,1) for 𝑓(𝑒 𝑥 ) to be defined 0 < 𝑒 𝑥 < 1 ⇒ −∞ < 𝑥 < 0

𝑓(ln |𝑥|) to define 0 < ln |𝑥| < 1

⇒ 𝑒 0 < |𝑥| < 𝑒 1

⇒ 1 < |𝑥| < 𝑒
⇒ 𝑥 ∈ (−𝑒, −1) ∪ (1, 𝑒)
Hence domain of given function will be (−𝑒, −1)

90. The domain of function 𝑓(𝑥) = log 3 (−(log 3 𝑥)2 + 5(log 3 𝑥) − 6) is

(1) (9,27)
(2) [9,27]
(3) (0,9) ∪ (27, ∞)
(4) (0,9] ∪ [27, ∞)

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Sol. Answer (1)

𝑓(𝑥) = log 3 (−(log 3 𝑥)2 + 5(log 3 𝑥) − 6)
−(log 3 𝑥)2 + 5(log 3 𝑥) − 6 > 0
(log 3 𝑥)2 − 5(log 3 𝑥) + 6 < 0
(log 3 𝑥 − 2)(log 3 𝑥 − 3) < 0
2 < log 3 𝑥 < 3
9 < 𝑥 < 27

91. If domain of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) is [-4, 3], then domain of 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(|[𝑥]|) is, where [.] denotes
greatest integer function
(1) (−3,4)
(2) [−3,4)
(3) [−5,3]
(4) [−4,3]

Sol. Answer (2)

By given condition, −4 ≤ |[𝑥]| ≤ 3
⇒ 0 ≤ |[𝑥]| ≤ 3
⇒ −3 ≤ [𝑥] ≤ 3
⇒ −3 ≤ 𝑥 < 4
∴ Domain of 𝑔(𝑥) is [−3,4).

92. Domain of definition of the function

9
𝑓(𝑥) = 9−𝑥 2 + log10 (𝑥 3 − 𝑥), is
(1) (−1,0) ∪ (1, ∞)
(2) (1,3) ∪ (3, ∞)
(3) (−1,0) ∪ (1,3) ∪ (3, ∞)
(4) (−1,0) ∪ (3, ∞)

Sol. Answer (3)

9
𝑓(𝑥) = + log10 (𝑥 3 − 𝑥)
9 − 𝑥2
𝑓(𝑥) is real if 9 − 𝑥 2 ≠ 0 and 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 > 0
⇒𝑥 ≠ ±3 and 𝑥(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1) > 0
⇒𝑥 ≠ ±3 and 𝑥 ∈ (−1,0) ∪ (1, ∞)
∴ Domain of 𝑓(𝑥) is (−1,0) ∪ (1,3) ∪ (3, ∞)

93. Range of function 𝑓(𝑥) = cos(𝑘sin 𝑥) is [-1, 1], then the least positive integral
value of 𝑘 will be
(1) 1
(2) 2
(3) 3
(4) 4
Sol. Answer (4)

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∵ −1 ≤ sin 𝑥 ≤ +1
−𝑘 ≤ 𝑘sin 𝑥 ≤ +𝑘

For cos 𝜃 to show complete range its domain should be [0, 𝜋] or [−𝜋, 0]
Hence 𝑘 = 𝜋
Hence minimum integral value is 𝑘 = 4

94. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 − 2𝑥+1 + 5, then range of 𝑓(𝑥) is

(1) 𝑅
(2) [5, ∞)
(3) [4, ∞)
(4) [0, ∞)

Sol. Answer (3)

𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 − 2𝑥+1 + 5 = (2𝑥 )2 − 2.2𝑥 + 5

= (2𝑥 − 1)2 + 4

∵ (2𝑥 − 1)2 ≥ 0
𝑓(𝑥) = (2𝑥 − 1)2 + 4 ≥ 4. Hence range [4, ∞).

95. If 𝑓(𝑥) = ln(𝑥 2 + 7|𝑥| + 10) is a single valued real function then the range of 𝑓(𝑥) in
its natural domain will be
(1) [0, +∞)
(2) [ln 10, +∞)
(3) [0,10]
(4) 𝑅

Sol. Answer (2)

𝑓(𝑥) = ln(𝑥 2 + 7|𝑥| + 10)
∵ 10 ≤ 𝑥 2 + 7|𝑥| + 10 < ∞ hence range is [ln 10, ∞)

96. Range of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = log 0.5 (3𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 2)

(1) (−∞, 2]
(2) [2, +∞)
(3) 𝑅
(4) 𝑅 − (2)

Sol. Answer (2)

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𝑓(𝑥) = log 0.5 (3𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 2)

Domain is 1 < 𝑥 < 2

∴ If 1 < 𝑥 < 2

1
0 < 3𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 2 ≤
4

∞ > ln1/2 (3𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 2) ≥ 2

∴ Range [2, ∞)

1 1
min {|𝑥|, 2 , 3 } , 𝑥≠0
97. If 𝑓(𝑥) is a real valued function defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥 𝑥 then range
1, 𝑥=0
of 𝑓(𝑥) is
(1) (−∞, 1]
(2) (−∞, 1] − {0}
(3) [1, ∞)
(4) 𝑅

Sol. Answer (2)

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1 1
min {|𝑥|, , } ,
𝑥2 𝑥3
𝑓(𝑥) = { 1, 𝑥 ≠ 0,
, 𝑥=0
1
if 𝑥 < 0
𝑥3
1 𝑥=0
Redefine the function =
|𝑥| 0 < 𝑥 < 1
1
{ 𝑥3 1<𝑥
Hence range is = (−∞, 1] − {0}

98. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = [𝑥]2 + [𝑥 + 1] − 3, where [.] denotes the greatest integer function. Then
(1) 𝑓(𝑥) ≠ 0 for all real values of 𝑥
(2) 𝑓(𝑥) = 0 for only two real value of 𝑥
(3) 𝑓(𝑥) = 0 for infinite values of 𝑥
(4) 𝑓(𝑥) = 0 for no real value of 𝑥.

Sol. Answer (3)

𝑓(𝑥)[𝑥]2 + [𝑥 + 1] − 3 = 0
[𝑥]2 + [𝑥] + 1 − 3 = 0
[𝑥]2 + [𝑥] − 2 = 0
{[𝑥] + 2}{[𝑥] − 1} = 0
⇒[𝑥] = −2, [𝑥] = 1
⇒𝑥 ∈ [−2, −1) ∪ [1,2) Hence 𝑓(𝑥) = 0 for infinite values of 𝑥.

99. The range of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = cos2 𝑥 − 5cos 𝑥 − 9 is

(1) [−13,3]
(2) [0,3]
(3) [−13, −3]
(4) [−13, −9]

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 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS – QRM (QUICK REVISION MODULES)

Sol. Answer (3)

𝑓(𝑥) = cos 2 𝑥 − 5cos 𝑥 − 9

25 25
= (cos2 𝑥 − 5cos 𝑥 + )−9−
4 4

9 5 2 49
where 4 ≤ (cos 𝑥 − 2) ≤ 4
∴ from (i) and (ii) −13 ≤ 𝑓(𝑥) ≤ −3
⇒ Range of 𝑓(𝑥) ∈ [−13, −3]

100. Is the function 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑁 ( 𝑁 is set of the natural numbers) defined by 𝑓(𝑛) = 2𝑛 + 3

for all 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁 Surjective?
(1) Yes
(2) No
(3) Can't say
(4) Information is not sufficient

Sol. Answer (2)

No, this is not a surjective function. As Range of function is [5, ∞ ], which is not equal to
its co-domain. 101. If ' 𝑓 is a function from a set 𝐴 to 𝐴, then 𝑓 is invertible iff ' 𝑓 is
(1) One-one
(2) Onto
(3) Both one-one and onto
(4) Many one

Sol. Answer (3)

A function is invertible iff it is both one-one and onto.

102. Set 𝐴 has 3 elements and set 𝐵 has 4 elements. The number of injections that can be
defined from 𝐴 to 𝐵 is
(1) 144
(2) 12
(3) 24
(4) 64

Sol. Answer (3)

The number of injective mappings = 4 𝑃3 = 24

103. The number of Surjections from 𝐴 = {1,2, … . . 𝑛}, 𝑛 ≥ 2, onto 𝐵 = {𝑎, 𝑏} is

(1) 𝑛 𝑃2
(2) 2𝑛 − 2
(3) 2𝑛 − 1
(4) 2𝑛

Sol. Answer (2)

The number of Surjections = 2𝑛 −2 𝐶1 ⋅ 1𝑛 = 2𝑛 − 2

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104. The total number of injective mappings from a set with 𝑚 elements to a set with 𝑛
elements, 𝑚 ≤ 𝑛, is
(1) 𝑚𝑛
(2) 𝑛𝑚
𝑛!
(3) (𝑛−𝑚)!
(4) 𝑛 !

Sol. Answer (3)

𝑛 𝑛!
The total number of injective mappings = 𝑃𝑚 =
(𝑛−𝑚)!
105. Let 𝐸 = {1,2,3,4} and 𝐹 = {1,2}. Then the number of onto functions from 𝐸 to 𝐹 is
(1) 14
(2) 16
(3) 6
(4) 4

Sol. Answer (1)

The number of onto functions = 24 − 2 = 14

106. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 1, then 𝑓 is

(1) One - one but not onto
(2) Onto but not one-one
(3) One-one onto
(4) Many one

Sol. Answer (3)

Given 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 1,
let 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ∈ 𝑅
let 𝑓(𝑥1 ) = 𝑓(𝑥2 ) ⇒ 𝑥13 + 1 = 𝑥23 + 1 ⇒ 𝑥1 = 𝑥2 .
So, function is one-one
Now, range of 𝑓(𝑥) is equal to its co-domain
So, function is onto

107. Function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥|𝑥| is

(1) One-one but not onto
(2) Onto but not one-one
(3) One-one onto
(4) Neither one-one nor onto

Sol. Answer (3)

Obviously function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥|𝑥| is one-one onto function.

𝑥2
108. Function 𝑓(𝑥) = 1+𝑥2 , is
(1) Many-one function
(2) Odd function
(3) One-one function
(4) Onto function

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Sol. Answer (1)

𝑥2
Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 1+𝑥2
1
As, 𝑓(1) = 𝑓(−1) = 2.
So 𝑓(𝑥) is Many-one function
Also, as 𝑓(𝑥) is always positive, so not onto function

109. Let 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑁 be defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁, then 𝑓 is

(1) Onto
(2) Invertible
(3) One-one
(4) Many one

Sol. Answer (3)

Obviously 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑁 be defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 is one-one but not onto.

110. Let 𝐴 = {1,2,3}. Which of the following functions on 𝐴 is invertible ?

(1) 𝑓 = {(1,1), (2,1), (3,1)}
(2) 𝑓 = {(1,2), (2,3), (3,1)}
(3) 𝑓 = {(1,2), (2,3), (3,2)}
(4) 𝑓 = {(1,1), (2,2), (3,1)}

Sol. Answer (2)

As, only option (2) is one-one onto function. so this is invertible.

111. Function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + |𝑥|, is

(1) One-one
(2) Onto
(3) One-one onto
(4) Many one

Sol. Answer (4)

As, 𝑓(−1) = 𝑓(−2) = 0. So, 𝑓(𝑥) is Many-one into function.

𝜋 3𝜋
112. Function 𝑓: [ 2 , 2
] → [−1,1], 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 is
(1) Many-one onto
(2) Onto
(3) One-one onto
(4) Many-one into

Sol. Answer (3)

𝜋 3𝜋
Function 𝑓: [ , ] → [−1,1], 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥
2 2
Obviously it is One-one onto function.

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1 3
113. Function 𝑓 [ 𝜋, 𝜋] → [−1,1], 𝑓(𝑥) = cos 𝑥 is
2 2
(1) Many-one onto
(2) Onto
(3) One-one onto
(4) Many-one into

Sol. Answer (4)

1 3
Function 𝑓: [2 𝜋, 2 𝜋] → [−1,1], 𝑓(𝑥) = cos 𝑥
Obviously it is Many-one into.

114. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅, 𝑓(𝑥) = sin2 𝑥 + cos 2 𝑥, then 𝑓 is

(1) One-one but not onto
(2) Onto but not one-one
(3) Neither one-one nor onto
(4) Both one-one and onto

Sol. Answer (3)

Obviously Many-one into.

𝜋 𝜋
115. If function 𝑓(𝑥) = (1 + 2𝑥) has the domain (− 2 , 2 ) and co-domain (−∞, ∞) then
function is
(1) One-one onto
(2) One-one but not onto
(3) Many-one but not onto
(4) Many-one onto

Sol. Answer (2)

Obviously One-one into.

𝑥
116. The function 𝑓: (0, ∞) → [0, ∞), 𝑓(𝑥) = 1+𝑥 is
(1) One-one and onto
(2) One-one but not onto
(3) Onto but not one-one
(4) Neither one-one nor onto

Sol. Answer (2)

Obviously One-one into.

𝑥2
117. If 𝑓: [0, ∞) → [0, ∞) and 𝑓(𝑥) = 1+𝑥4 , then 𝑓 is
(1) One-one and onto
(2) One-one but not onto
(3) Onto but not one-one
(4) Neither one-one nor onto.

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Sol. Answer (4)

Clearly, function is neither one-one nor onto.

118. If 𝑓1 (𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 3, 𝑓2 (𝑥) = 3𝑥 3 + 5, 𝑓3 (𝑥) = 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 are defined from 𝑅 → 𝑅, then

𝑓1 , 𝑓2 and 𝑓3 are
(1) One-one-onto
(2) Many one into
(3) One-one-into
(4) Many one onto

Sol. Answer (1)

𝑓3 (𝑥) = 𝑥 + cos 𝑥
𝑓3′ (𝑥) = 1 − sin 𝑥 ≥ 0
𝜋
∴ 𝑓3′ (𝑥) = 0 hold for only point 𝑥 = (2𝑛 + 1) 2 , 𝑛 ∈ 1 i.e at discrete points not in interval
hence function is strictly increasing. Hence function is one-one and onto.
Similarly we can prove for 𝑓1 , 𝑓2 .

119. Which of the functions defined below is one-one function?

(𝑥 2 +1)
(1) 𝑓(𝑥) = ; (𝑥 ∈ 𝑅)
𝑥 4 +𝑥 2 +1
1
(2) 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 𝑥 , (𝑥 ∈ 𝑅+)
2
(3) ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 4𝑥 − 5(𝑥 ∈ 𝑅)
(4) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 −𝑥 , (𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, 𝑥 ≥ 0)

Sol. Answer (4)

𝑥 2 +1
(1) 𝑓 = (𝑥 4 +𝑥2 +1) , 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 cannot be one-one since even.
1 1
(2) 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 𝑥 , 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 +cannot be one-one since 𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑓 (𝑎)
(3) ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅. Graph is upward opening parabola hence many-one.
(4) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 −𝑥 , 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, 𝑥 ≥ 0. Strictly decreasing function hence one-one.

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120. Which of the following is an onto function?

(1) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 6 + 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 2 + 1, 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅
(2) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 |𝑥|, on [−1,1] [−1,1] → [−1,1]
(3) 𝑦 = 𝑥 11 − 𝑥 8 + 𝑥 6 + 5 on (−∞, ∞) 𝑅 → 𝑅
(4) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2006 + 𝑥 −2006 + 5 on (−∞, ∞) 𝑅 → 𝑅

Sol. Answer (3)

(1) 𝑦 = 𝑥 6 + 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 2 + 1 = (1 + 𝑥 2 )(1 + 𝑥 4 )
⇒ 𝑦 ≥ 1 hence it is not onto
(2) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 |𝑥|, range = [0,1]

Hence not onto.

(3) 𝑦 = 𝑥 11 − 𝑥 8 + 𝑥 6 + 5
𝑦 ∈ 𝑅 hence it is onto
(4) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2006 + 𝑥 −2006 + 5
𝑦 ≥ 7 hence it is not onto

121. If a function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑, where 𝑐, 𝑑 ∈ 𝑅, if 𝑓(𝑥)

is one-one onto, then 𝑐 may be
(1) 6
(2) 4
(3) 0
(4) -1

Sol. Answer (1)

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑 is one-one.
∴ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) will be either > 0 or < 0

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 𝑐

Hence, its discriminant 𝐷 < 0

82 − 4(3)(𝑐) < 0

16
⇒𝑐>
3
Hence, c can take value 6 .

122. Let 𝐴 = {1,2,3}, 𝐵 = {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐}, 𝐶 = {𝑎1 , 𝑏1 , 𝑐1 , 𝑑1 , 𝑒1 } and consider the following
statements
𝑆1 :The number of one-one functions from 𝐴 to 𝐶 is 60
𝑆2 : The number of onto functions from 𝐶 to 𝐴 is 150
𝑆3 :The number of onto functions from 𝐵 to 𝐶 is zero
𝑆4 : The number of bijective functions from 𝐴 to 𝐵 is 6
Which of the following combinations is true?
(1) 𝑆1 and 𝑆2 only
(2) 𝑆1 and 𝑆3 only
(3) 𝑆2 and 𝑆4 only
(4) 𝑆1 , 𝑆2 , 𝑆3 and 𝑆4

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Sol. Answer (4)

All statements are true by using the standard result.

123. Which of the followings is not true?

(1) 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + sin 𝑥 is bijective
(2) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + (𝑎 + 2)𝑥 2 + 3𝑎𝑥 + 5 is one-one then 𝑎 ∈ (1,4)
(3) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 3sin 𝑥 + 4cos 𝑥 is injective then 𝑎 ∈ (−∞, −5] ∪ [5, ∞)
(4) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 𝑎sin 𝑥 + 𝑏cos 𝑥 is injective then the maximum value of 𝑎2 +
𝑏 2 is 5

Sol. Answer (4)

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + sin 𝑥
′ 2
1 2 8
𝑓 (𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 3 + cos 𝑥 = 3 (𝑥 + ) + + cos 𝑥 > 0
3 3
⇒ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) > 0, ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
Hence 𝑓(𝑥) is one-one and onto.
Similarly (2), (3) are true but (4) is false. The maximum value of 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 is 36 .

2𝑥 −2−𝑥
124. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 and 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 ( 𝑥 −𝑥 ) is
2 +2
(1) One-one and into function
(2) Many one and into function
(3) One-one and onto function
(4) Many one and onto function

Sol. Answer (2)

2𝑥 − 2−𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 ( 𝑥 )
2 + 2−𝑥
2−𝑥 −2𝑥 2𝑥 −2−𝑥
and 𝑓(−𝑥) = (−𝑥) [ −𝑥 𝑥 ] = 𝑥 [ 𝑥 −𝑥 ]
2 +2 2 +2
∴ 𝑓(−𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) hence function is even. Hence not one-one. Also function is continuous.
Any even-continuous function cannot have range ' 𝑅 '. Hence function is many one into.

125. Let 𝑆 be the set of all triangles and 𝑅 +be the set of positive real numbers, then the
function 𝑓: 𝑆 ⟶ 𝑅 + , 𝑓(Δ) = Perimeter of Δ ∈ 𝑆, then ' 𝑓 ' is
(1) Injective but not surjective
(2) Surjective but not injective
(3) Injective as well as surjective
(4) Neither injective nor surjective

Sol. Answer (2)

Since many triangles may have same perimeter hence function is not injective but many
one.
Since there exist a triangle for every positive value of perimeter hence surjective.

126. Let 𝐴 = {0,1} and the set of all natural numbers. Then the mapping 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝐴 defined
by 𝑓(2𝑛 − 1) = 0, 𝑓(2𝑛) = 1, ∀𝑛 ∈ 𝑁, is

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(1) One-one onto

(2) Many one onto
(3) One-one into
(4) Many one into

Sol. Answer (2)

𝑓(2𝑛) = 1 ⇒ 𝑓(2) = 𝑓(4) = 𝑓(6) = 1. It is many one and range = co-domain
∴ It is many-one onto.

−1 3𝑥−𝑥 3
127. Let 𝑓: (−1, ) → 𝐵, be a function defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = tan−1 1−3𝑥2 , then 𝑓 is both one-
√3
one and onto when 𝐵 is the interval
𝜋 𝜋
(1) (− , )
2 2
𝜋 𝜋
(2) ( 4 , 2 )
3𝜋
(3) (0, )
4
3𝜋
(4) (− , 0)
4

Sol. Answer (2)

In question 𝑓(𝑥) must be 3tan−1 𝑥
Now, −1 < 𝑥 < 1
𝜋 𝜋 −3𝜋 3𝜋
⇒ − <𝜃< ⇒ < 3𝜃 <
4 4 4 4
3𝜋 3𝜋
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝜃 = 3tan−1 𝑥 and − 4 < 𝑓(𝑥) < 4
For which 𝑓(𝑥) is one-one as well as onto.
3𝜋 3𝜋
So, 𝐵 = (− , )
4 4

128. Let 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 and 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅 be two one-one and onto function such that they are the
mirror images of each other about the line 𝑦 = 𝑎 if, ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥), then ℎ(𝑥) is
(1) One-one and onto
(2) One-one only
(3) Onto only
(4) Neither one-one nor onto

Sol. Answer (4)

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𝑔(𝛼) − 𝑎 = 𝑎 − 𝑓(𝛼)
𝑓(𝛼) + 𝑔(𝛼) = 2𝑎
In general 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑎
∴ ℎ(𝑥) = 2𝑎 = constant
ℎ(𝑥) is neither one-one and onto.

129. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = [𝑥] and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − [𝑥], then which of the following functions is the zero
function ?
(1) (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥)
(2) (𝑓𝑔)(𝑥)
(3) (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥)
(4) (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥)

Sol. Answer (4)

Here 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝑓(𝑥 − [𝑥]) = 𝑓({𝑥}) = [{𝑥}] = 0, where
{.}𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.

130. gof exists, when

(1) Domain of 𝑓 = domain of 𝑔
(2) Co-domain of 𝑓 = domain of 𝑔
(3) Co-domain of 𝑔 = domain of 𝑓
(4) Co-domain of 𝑔 = co-domain of 𝑓

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Sol. Answer (2)

Obviously gof exists, when co-domain of 𝑓 = domain of 𝑔

131. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3 and 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅, 𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 4 then the value of 𝑓𝑜𝑔(𝑥)

is
(1) 3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 13
(2) 9𝑥 2 − 18𝑥 + 5
(3) (3𝑥 − 4)2 + 2𝑥 − 3
(4) 𝑥 2 + 1

Sol. Answer (2)

We have, 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝑓(3𝑥 − 4) = (3𝑥 − 4)2 + 2(3𝑥 − 4) − 3 = 9𝑥 2 − 18𝑥 + 5

132. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 4 and 𝑔: 𝑅 + → 𝑅, 𝑔(𝑥) = log 𝑥, then the value of ( 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓 )

(2) is
(1) 0
(2) ∞
(3) −∞
(4) Undefined

Sol. Answer (4)

We have, 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑔(𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 4) = log(𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 4)
So, 𝑔(𝑓(2)) = log(22 − 5.2 + 4) = log(−2) i.e. undefined

𝜋
133. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 2sin 𝑥, 𝑔(𝑥) = cos2 𝑥, then the value of (𝑓 + 𝑔) ( 3 )
(1) 1
2√3+1
(2) 4
1
(3) √3 + 4
(4) 0

Sol. Answer (3)

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 1
Here, 𝑓 ( 3 ) + 𝑔 ( 3 ) = 2sin 3 + cos2 3 = √3 + 4

1
134. Given 𝑓(𝑥) = , 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓{𝑓(𝑥)} and ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓{𝑓{𝑓(𝑥)}}, then the value of 𝑓(𝑥) ⋅
(1−𝑥)
𝑔(𝑥) ⋅ ℎ(𝑥) is
(1) 0
(2) -1
(3) 1
(4) 2

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Sol. Answer (2)

1 1 𝑥−1
Here, 𝑓(𝑥) = (1−𝑥) , 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓{𝑓(𝑥)} = 1 = 𝑥
1−
1−𝑥
1
and ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓 {𝑓{𝑓(𝑥)} = 𝑥−1 = 𝑥,
1−( )
𝑥

So, 𝑓(𝑥) ⋅ 𝑔(𝑥) ⋅ ℎ(𝑥) = −1.

𝑥
135. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 1−𝑥 ; 𝑥 ≠ 1, then 𝑓 100 (𝑥) is [where (𝑓 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 𝑓 2 (𝑥) ]
𝑥
(1) 1−100𝑥
100𝑥
(2)
1−100𝑥
𝑥
(3) 1−𝑥
𝑥
(4)
100−𝑥

Sol. Answer (1)

We have,
𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) =
1−𝑥
𝑥
⇒ 𝑓 2 (𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑓(𝑥)) = 1 − 𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑥 1 − 2𝑥
1−
𝑥
1 − 𝑥
𝑥
Also, 𝑓 3 (𝑥) = 1−𝑥
𝑥 = 1−3𝑥
1−2( )
1−𝑥
𝑥
Similarly, 𝑓 100 (𝑥) =
1−100𝑥

136. If 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = |sin 𝑥| and 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = (sin √𝑥)2 , then:

(1) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin2 𝑥, 𝑔(𝑥) = √𝑥
(2) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥, 𝑔(𝑥) = |𝑥|
(3) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 , 𝑔(𝑥) = sin √𝑥
(4) 𝑓 and 𝑔 cannot be determined

Sol. Answer (1)

Obviously 𝑓(𝑥) = sin2 𝑥, 𝑔(𝑥) = √𝑥

−1, 𝑥 < 0
137. Let 𝑔(𝑥) = 1 + 𝑥 − [𝑥] and 𝑓(𝑥) = {0, 𝑥 = 0. Then for all 𝑥, 𝑓[𝑔(𝑥)] is equal to
1, 𝑥>0
(1) 𝑥
(2) 1
(3) 𝑓(𝑥)
(4) 𝑔(𝑥)

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Sol. Answer (2)

−1, 𝑥 < 0
As, 𝑔(𝑥) > 0 and 𝑓(𝑥) = { 0, 𝑥 = 0
1, 𝑥 > 0
So, 𝑓[𝑔(𝑥)] = 1.

138. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 then the solution set of (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥) = (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥) is
(1) 𝑅
(2) {0}
(3) {0,2}
(4) {2,3}

Sol. Answer (3)

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2
𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥
⇒ Domain of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑅
Domain of 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑅
and range of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑅 + ∪ {0}
Range of 𝑔(x) = 𝑅 +
⇒ fog is defined for 𝑅 +whereas gof is defined 𝑅 + ∪ {0}
If (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥) = (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥)
2
⇒ 22𝑥 = 2𝑥 ⇒ 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 = 0; 𝑥 = 0,2
⇒ Thus the required solution set is {0,2}

𝜋 𝜋
139. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = tan 𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ (− , ) and 𝑔(𝑥) = √1 − 𝑥 2 then 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) is
2 2
(√cos 2𝑥)
(1) cos 𝑥
(√cos 2𝑥)
(2) −
cos 𝑥
(√cos 2𝑥)
(3) |cos 𝑥|
(4) Not defined

Sol. Answer (4)

Range of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑅
𝜋 𝜋
Domain of 𝑓(𝑥) = (− 2 , 2 )
Range of 𝑔(𝑥) = [0,1]
Domain of 𝑔(𝑥) = [−1,1]
For 𝑔[𝑓(𝑥)] to be defined Range of 𝑓(𝑥) ⊆ domain of 𝑔(𝑥)
But range of 𝑓(𝑥)Φ domain of 𝑔(𝑥)
Hence 𝑔[𝑓(𝑥)] is not defined.

140. Let 𝑓, 𝑔 and ℎ be real valued functions defined from 𝑅 to 𝑅 by

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 1, ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
𝑔(𝑥) = √1 + 𝑥 2 ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
0, 𝑥 < 0
ℎ(𝑥) = {
𝑥, 𝑥 ≥ 0

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 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS – QRM (QUICK REVISION MODULES)

then the composite function (ℎ ∘ 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥) is given by

(1) 𝑥
(2) 𝑥 2
(3) 𝑥 2 + 1
(4) 𝑥 2 − 1

Sol. Answer (2)

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 1∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
0, 𝑥<0
𝑔(𝑥) = √1 + 𝑥 2 ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, ℎ(𝑥) = {
𝑥, 𝑥⩾0
𝑓 ∘ 𝑔(𝑥) = 1 + 𝑥 2 − 1 = 𝑥 2
ℎ(𝑓 ∘ 𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝑥 2 as 𝑥 2 > 0

141. Let 𝑔 be a real valued function defined on the interval (−1,1) such that
𝑥
𝑒 −𝑥 (𝑔(𝑥) − 2𝑒 𝑥 ) = ∫0 √𝑦 4 + 1𝑑𝑦 for all 𝑥 ∈ (−1,1) and 𝑓 be an another function such
𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑥. Then the value of 𝑓 ′ (2) is
1
(1) 2
1
(2)
4
1
(3) 5
1
(4) 3

Sol. Answer (4)

The given equation can be written as
𝑥
𝑔′ (𝑥) = 2𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 ∫ √1 + 𝑦 4 𝑑𝑦
0

𝑥
⇒ 𝑔′ (𝑥) = 2 + 𝑒 𝑥 √1 + 𝑥 4 + (∫0 √1 + 𝑦 4 𝑑𝑦) 𝑒 𝑥
But 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑥
⇒ 𝑔′ (𝑓(𝑥)) = (𝑓(𝑥))

= 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 1

1
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
𝑔′ (𝑓(𝑥))
1
𝑓 ′ (2) = ′
𝑔 (𝑓(2))
But 𝑓(2) is the value of 𝑥 for which 𝑔(𝑥) = 2, as they are inverse of each other hence
𝑓(2) = 0
1 1
⇒ 𝑓 ′ (2) = ′ =
𝑔 (0) 3

−1, 𝑥 < 0
142. Let 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − [𝑥] − 1 and 𝑓(𝑥) = {0, 𝑥 = 0 , where [•] represents the greatest
1, 𝑥 > 0
integer function, then for all 𝑥, 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) =

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 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS – QRM (QUICK REVISION MODULES)

(1) 2
(2) 1
(3) 0
(4) -1

Sol. Answer (4)

𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − [𝑥] − 1 = {𝑥} − 1 < 0
𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = −1

143. Let 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 be defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 4 for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, then 𝑓 −1 (2) is

(1) 2
(2) 1
(3) Not defined
1
(4) 2

Sol. Answer (3)

Let 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 be such that
𝑥 ∈ 𝑓 −1 ({2}) ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) ∈ {2} ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = 2
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 4 = 2 ⇒ 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 1,2

144. Let 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅, 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅 be two functions given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 3, 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 5. Then

(𝑓𝑜𝑔)−1 (𝑥) is equal to
𝑥+7 1/3
(1) ( )
2
7 1/3
(2) (𝑥 − 2)
𝑥−2 1/3
(3) ( )
7
𝑥−7 1/3
(4) ( 2
)

Sol. Answer (4)

As, 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝑓(𝑥 3 + 5) = 2(𝑥 3 + 5) − 3 = 2𝑥 3 + 7

𝑥−7 1/3
So, its inverse is given by ( 2
) .

𝑥 1
145. If 𝑓(𝑥) = = , then the value of 𝑓(𝑦) is
𝑥−1 𝑦
(1) 𝑥
(2) 𝑥 + 1
(3) 𝑥 − 1
(4) 1 − 𝑥

Sol. Answer (4)

We have,

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𝑥−1
𝑥−1 𝑥
𝑓(𝑦) = 𝑓 ( )= =1−𝑥
𝑥 𝑥−1
𝑥 − 1

𝑥−3
146. If 𝑓: 𝑅 − {−1} → 𝑅 − {1}, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+1, then 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) equals
𝑥+1
(1) 𝑥+3
𝑥−3
(2) 𝑥+1
3+𝑥
(3) 1−𝑥
3+𝑥
(4)
1+𝑥

Sol. Answer (3)

𝑧−3 𝑥+3
Let 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 𝑧 ⇒ 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑧+1 = 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑧 = 1−𝑥.

147. If function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 + , 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 , then 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) will be equal to

(1) log 𝑥 2
(2) log 2 (1/𝑥)
(3) log 2 𝑥
(4) 𝑥

Sol. Answer (3)

Let 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 𝑧 ⇒ 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑥 ⇒ 2 𝑧 = 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑧 = log 2 𝑥.

148. If the function 𝑓: [0, ∞) → [2, ∞) is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2, then 𝑓 1 (𝑥) is

1
(1) 2
𝑥 +2
(2) 𝑥 2 − 2
(3) −√𝑥 − 2
(4) √𝑥 − 2

Sol. Answer (4)

Let 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2
⇒ 𝑥 = ±√𝑦 − 2
Since 𝑥 ∈ [0, ∞), hence 𝑥 = √𝑦 − 2
⇒ 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = √𝑥 − 2

1
149. If 𝑓: [1, ∞) → [2, ∞) is given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 𝑥, then 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) equals:
𝑥+√𝑥 2 −4
(1)
2
𝑥
(2) 1+𝑥2
𝑥−√𝑥 2 −4
(3)
2
(4) 1 + √𝑥 2 −4

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Sol. Answer (1)

1
Let 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 𝑧 ⇒ 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑧 + 𝑧 = 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑧 2 − 𝑥𝑧 + 1 = 0
𝑥+√𝑥 2 −4
So, 𝑧 = 2
.

150. Select the correct option

1
(1) 𝑓: [1, ∞) → [1, ∞), 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥(𝑥−1) ⇒ 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 2 (1 ± √1 + 4log 2 𝑥)
(2) 𝑓: [−1, ∞] → [−1, ∞], 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 1)2 − 1 and 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) then 𝑥 = {0,1} only
𝑥−5
(3) 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅, 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 5 then 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 3
1 𝑥−√𝑥 2 −4
(4) 𝑓: [1, ∞) → [2, ∞), 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 𝑥, then 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 2

Sol. Answer (3)

We have
𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥(𝑥−1)
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + log 2 𝑦 = 0
1 ± √1 − 4log 2 𝑦
⇒𝑥=
2
Since the range of inverse function is [1, ∞) hence neglecting negative sign, we get
1 + √1 − 4log 2 𝑥
𝑓 −1 (𝑥) =
2
Similarly (2), (4) are false but (3) is true.

151. The function 𝑓(𝑥) = |sin 𝑥| has an inverse if its domain is

(1) [0, 𝜋]
𝜋
(2) [0, ]
2
𝜋 𝜋
(3) [− 4 , 4 ]
(4) [0,2𝜋]

Sol. Answer (2)

Range of |sin 𝑥| is [0,1]
𝜋
Hence it is invertible in [0, 2 ].

𝑥
152. Let 𝑓: [2,4) → [1,3) be a function defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − [ ] (where
2
[.]𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛). Then 𝑓 −1 equals
(1) 𝑥
(2) 𝑥 + 1
𝑥
(3) 𝑥 + [2]
(4) 𝑥 + 2

Sol. Answer (2)

We have,

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2≤𝑥≤4
𝑥 𝑥
⇒1 ≤ ≤ 2 ⇒ [ ] = 1 or 2.
2 2
⇒𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 1 or 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 2

Since 𝑓: [2,4) → [1,3)

Hence 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 1
⇒ 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 𝑥 + 1.

153. The graph of the function 𝑦 = log 𝑎 (𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 1) is not symmetric about the origin.
(1) True
(2) False
(3) Can't say
(4) Insufficient data

Sol. Answer (2)

Clearly the function 𝑦 = log 𝑎 (𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 1) is an ODD function, so it is symmetric about
the origin.

𝑥
154. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 1+|𝑥| , 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, then 𝑓 is
(1) One-one
(2) Even
(3) Decreasing
(4) Many one

Sol. Answer (1)

𝑥
Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 1+|𝑥| , 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 is one-one.

155. Identify the correct option

1
(1) If 𝑓(𝑥) = 1−𝑥 , 𝑥 > 0, then the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑓(𝑓(𝑥))) is a parabola
(2) If 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = |sin 𝑥| and 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = (sin √𝑥)2 , then 𝑓(𝑥) = sin2 𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = √𝑥 + 1
1
(3) Let 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑎 − 𝑥 𝑛 )𝑛 , 𝑥 > 0, 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁 and 𝑓 ∘ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓 2 (𝑥), then 𝑓 2006 (𝑥) = 𝑥
(4) Even functions are one-one

Sol. Answer (3)

1
(1) 𝑓(𝑥) = 1−𝑥

𝑦 = 𝑓{{𝑓(𝑓(𝑥))}

1 1 𝑥−1 1
𝑦 = 𝑓 {𝑓 ( )} = 𝑓 { } = 𝑓{ }=
1−𝑥 1 𝑥 𝑥−1
1−1−𝑥 1− 𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑥, which represents a straight line.
(2) 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = |sin 𝑥|

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 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS – QRM (QUICK REVISION MODULES)

𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = (sin √𝑥)2

⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = sin2 𝑥; 𝑔(𝑥) = √𝑥

(3) 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑎 − 𝑥 𝑛 )1/𝑛

⇒ 𝑓{𝑓(𝑥)} = 𝑥
⇒ 𝑓 2 (𝑥) = 𝑥
Hence 𝑓 2006 (𝑥) = 𝑥
(4) Even function is symmetrical about 𝑦 axis hence it is many one.

156. Which of the following function is an even function?

(1) 𝑓(𝑥) = √1 + 𝑥 3 − √1 − 𝑥 3
(2) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥|𝑥| + 𝑥 2 sin 𝑥
(3) 𝑓(𝑥) = √1 + 𝑥 3 + √1 − 𝑥 3
2−sin 𝑥
(4) 𝑓(𝑥) = log (2+sin 𝑥)

Sol. Answer (3)

For a function to be even,

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(−𝑥)

Only option (3) satisfies this condition.

157. Let 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦) + 𝑓(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 2𝑓(𝑥)𝑓(𝑦) for all 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅 and 𝑓(0) ≠ 0. Then 𝑓(𝑥) must
be
(1) One-one function
(2) Onto function
(3) Even function
(4) Odd function

Sol. Answer (3)

𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦) + 𝑓(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 2𝑓(𝑥)𝑓(𝑦)

𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0
𝑓(0) + 𝑓(0) = 2𝑓(0)2
⇒ 𝑓(0) = 1 as 𝑓(0) ≠ 0

Put 𝑦 = 𝑥 and 𝑥 = 0

𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(−𝑥) = 2𝑓(0)𝑓(𝑥)

⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(−𝑥) = 2𝑓(𝑥)

⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(−𝑥)
Hence the given function 𝑓 is even.

𝑥
158. Let 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 be a function defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = [(𝑥 + 1)2 ]1/3 + [(𝑥 − 1)2 ]1/3 + 2𝑥 −1 +
𝑥
2
+1

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(1) Even
(2) Odd
(3) Neither even nor odd
(4) Even and odd both

Sol. Answer (1)

𝑥 𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = [(𝑥 + 1)2 ]1/3 + [(𝑥 − 1)2 ]1/3 + + +1
2𝑥
−1 2
(−𝑥) (−𝑥)
𝑓(−𝑥) = [(−𝑥 + 1)2 ]1/3 + [(−𝑥 − 1)2 ]1/3 + −𝑥 + +1
2 −1 2
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑓(−𝑥) = [(𝑥 + 1)2 ]1/3 + [(𝑥 − 1)2 ]1/3 − [(1 − 𝑥)2 ]1/3 − [(𝑥 + 1)2 ]1/3 + + + 1 + −𝑥 +
2𝑥 −1 2 2 −1 2
𝑥 𝑥 ⋅ 2𝑥
= 𝑥 + +𝑥
2 − 1 1 − 2𝑥
𝑥
1 2
= 𝑥[ 𝑥 − 𝑥 ]+𝑥
2 −1 2 −1
1 − 2𝑥
= 𝑥[ 𝑥 ]+𝑥
2 −1
2𝑥 − 1
= −𝑥 [ 𝑥 ]+𝑥 = 0
2 −1

∵ 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑓(−𝑥) = 0. Hence function is even.

159. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 3sin3 𝑥 + 4𝑥 − sin |𝑥| + log(1 + |𝑥|) be defined on the interval [0,1]. The
even extension of 𝑓(𝑥) to the interval [−1,0] is
(1) 3sin3 𝑥 + 4𝑥 − sin |𝑥| + log(1 + |𝑥|)
(2) −3sin3 𝑥 − 4𝑥 + sin |𝑥| − log(1 + |𝑥|)
(3) −3sin3 𝑥 − 4𝑥 − sin |𝑥| + log(1 + |𝑥|)
(4) 3sin3 𝑥 + 4𝑥 + sin |𝑥| − log(1 + |𝑥|)

Sol. Answer (3)

Even extension of 𝑓(𝑥) is obtained by changing sign of odd terms present in the function
while keeping sign of even terms same.
Hence, required extension of 𝑓(𝑥) = 3sin3 𝑥 + 4𝑥 − sin |𝑥| + log(1 + |𝑥|) will be
= −3sin3 𝑥 − 4𝑥 − sin |𝑥| + log(1 + |𝑥|)

160. Select the correct option

(1) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 3−2𝑥 ⋅ tan2 𝑥 + |𝑥| − tan 𝑥 is an even function
(2) 𝑓(𝑥) = ℎ(𝑥) + ℎ(−𝑥) + 𝑥 2 cot 𝑥 is an even function
𝑥, 𝑥∈𝑄
(3) 𝑓(𝑥) = { is an odd function
−𝑥 𝑥 ∉ 𝑄
(4) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) + 𝑔(−𝑥) + |sgn(𝑥)| is neither even nor odd function

Sol. Answer (3)

Option (2) 𝑓(𝑥) is neither even nor odd
Option (3) 𝑓(𝑥) is odd
Option (4) 𝑓(𝑥) is even

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161. If the function 𝑓(𝑥) = [4.8 + 𝑎sin 𝑥] (where [.] denotes the greatest integer function)
is an even function then a belongs to
(1) (−0.8,0.2)
(2) (−0.8,0.8)
(3) (−0.2,0.2)
(4) (0,0.2)

Sol. Answer (3)

According to question
Function is an even function if 𝑎 ∈ (−0.2,0.2)

𝜋𝑥
𝑥 2 sin , |𝑥| < 1
162. If 𝑓(𝑥) = { 2 , then 𝑓(𝑥) is
𝑥|𝑥| , |𝑥| ≥ 1
(1) Even function
(2) Odd function
(3) Periodic function
(4) Neither even nor odd

Sol. Answer (2)

We have,
𝜋𝑥
𝑥 2 sin , −1 < 𝑥 < 1
2
𝑓(𝑥) = { 2
𝑥 , 𝑥≥1
−𝑥 2 , 𝑥≤1

Clearly 𝑓(𝑥) is odd.

163. Let a real valued function 𝑓 satisfy 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥)𝑓(𝑦)∀𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅 and 𝑓(0) ≠ 0 Then
𝑓(𝑥)
𝑔(𝑥) =
1+[𝑓(𝑥)] 2 is

(1) An even function

(2) An odd function
(3) Neither even nor odd function
(4) Periodic function

Sol. Answer (1)

𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥) ⋅ 𝑓(𝑦), ∀𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑘𝑥 , 𝑎 ≠ 0
𝑎𝑘𝑥
𝑔(𝑥) =
1 + 𝑎2𝑘𝑥

𝑎−𝑘𝑥 𝑎𝑘𝑥
𝑔(−𝑥) = =
1 + 𝑎−2𝑘𝑥 1 + 𝑎2𝑘𝑥

Hence 𝑔(𝑥) is even function.

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 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS – QRM (QUICK REVISION MODULES)

𝑥
164. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = |sin 𝑥| + |cos 𝑥|, 𝑔(𝑥) = cos(cos 𝑥) + cos(sin 𝑥) ℎ(𝑥) = {− } + sin 𝜋𝑥,
2
where } represents the fractional function, then the period of
(1) 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥) is 𝜋
(2) 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥) is 𝜋
(3) 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥) + ℎ(𝑥) is 2𝜋
(4) 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥) + ℎ(𝑥) is non-existent

Sol. Answer (4)

𝜋 𝜋
Period of 𝑓(𝑥), 𝑔(𝑥), ℎ(𝑥) is , , 2 respectively.
2 2

165. Identify the correct statement

𝑥
(1) The period of 𝑓(𝑥) = sin cos (2) + cos(sin 𝑥) is 2𝜋
(2) The period of 𝑓(𝑥) = cos 𝑥cos 2𝑥cos 3𝑥 is 2𝜋
sin 𝑛𝑥
(3) Let 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍 and the period of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 is 4𝜋 then 𝑛 = 2
sin( )
𝑛
(4) If the period of 𝑓(𝑥) = cos √(𝑎)𝑥 is 𝜋 and () denotes the least integer function then
𝑎 ∈ [2,4)

Sol. Answer (3)

𝑥
(1) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin (cos 2) + cos(sin 𝑥)

𝑥 𝑥
Period of cos 2 is 4𝜋 hence period of sin (cos 2) is 4𝜋 period of sin 𝑥 is 2𝜋 but cos 𝑥 is even
hence period of cos(sin 𝑥) will be 𝜋.
Hence period of complete function will be LCM of (4𝜋, 𝜋) ⇒ 4𝜋.
(2) 𝑓(𝑥) = cos 𝑥cos 2𝑥cos 3𝑥

We have 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝜋) = cos(𝜋 + 𝑥)cos(2𝜋 + 2𝑥)cos(3𝜋 + 3𝑥) = cos 𝑥cos 2𝑥cos 3𝑥

Hence period = 𝜋
sin 𝑛𝑥 2𝜋
(3) The fundamental period of 𝑥 = L.C.M. of { , 2𝜋𝑛} = 2𝜋𝑛
sin( ) 𝑛
𝑛

⇒ 2𝜋𝑛 = 4𝜋 ⇒ 𝑛 = 2

(4) 𝑓(𝑥) = cos √(𝑎)𝑥

2𝜋
Period of 𝑓(𝑥) is =𝜋
√(𝑎)
∴ √(𝑎) = 2 ⇒ (𝑎) = 4

⇒ 𝑎 ∈ (3,4]

166. Consider that the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) is symmetric about the lines 𝑥 = 2
and 𝑥 = 4 then the period of 𝑓(𝑥) is
(1) 1
(2) 2
(3) 3
(4) 4

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 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS – QRM (QUICK REVISION MODULES)

Sol. Answer (4)

𝑓(2 + 𝑥) = 𝑓(2 − 𝑥)
𝑓(4 + 𝑥) = 𝑓(4 − 𝑥)
By (i), (ii) we get 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥 + 4)
Hence period = 4

167. If 𝑓(𝑥) is a real valued function defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = ln(1 − sin 𝑥) then graph of 𝑓(𝑥) is
(1) Symmetric about line 𝑥 = 𝜋
(2) Symmetric about 𝑦 axis.
𝜋
(3) Symmetric about line 𝑥 =
2
(4) Symmetric about origin

Sol. Answer (3)

∵ 𝑓(𝑥) = ln(1 − sin 𝑥)
𝜋 𝜋
∴ sin ( + 𝑥) = sin ( − 𝑥) ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
2 2 𝜋
∴ Hence graph will be symmetric about line 𝑥 = 2

168. If tanax +cotax and |tan 𝑥| + |cot 𝑥| are periodic functions of the same fundamental
period then a equals
(1) 4
(2) 2
(3) 1
(4) 3

Sol. Answer (2)

𝜋
Fundamental period of |tan 𝑥| + |cot 𝑥| is
2
𝜋
Fundamental period of tanax +cotax is 𝑎
∴ 𝑎=2

169. If 𝑓(𝑥 + 10) + 𝑓(𝑥 + 4) = 0, there 𝑓(𝑥) is a periodic function with period
(1) 2
(2) 4
(3) 6
(4) 12

Sol. Answer (4)

Given 𝑓(𝑥 + 10) + 𝑓(𝑥 + 4) = 0
Replacing 𝑥 by 𝑥 + 2, we get
𝑓(𝑥 + 12) + 𝑓(𝑥 + 6) = 0
again, replacing 𝑥 by 𝑥 − 4, we get
𝑓(𝑥 + 6) + 𝑓(𝑥) = 0
solving (i) and (ii), we get
𝑓(𝑥 + 12) = 𝑓(𝑥)
170. If 𝑓 is a function such that 𝑓(0) = 2, 𝑓(1) = 3, 𝑓(𝑥 + 2) = 2𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑓(𝑥 + 1), then
𝑓(5) is
(1) -3

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 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS – QRM (QUICK REVISION MODULES)

(2) -5
(3) 7
(4) 13

Sol. Answer (4)

𝑥−1
171. If 𝑓(𝑥) = , then 𝑓(2𝑥) is equal to
𝑥+1
𝑓(𝑥)+2
(1) 𝑓(𝑥)+3
𝑓(𝑥)+3
(2) 𝑓(𝑥)+2
3𝑓(𝑥)+1
(3) 𝑓(𝑥)+3
𝑓(𝑥)+3
(4) 3𝑓(𝑥)+1

Sol. Answer (3)

172. If 𝑓(𝑥 + 3) = 𝑥 2 − 1, then 𝑓(𝑥) is equal to

(1) 𝑥 3 − 𝑥
(2) (𝑥 − 3)2 − 1
(3) (𝑥 − 1)2 − 3
(4) (𝑥 + 1)2 − 3

Sol. Answer (2)

173. Let 𝑓(𝑥 3 ) = 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 5 + 𝑥 + 1, then the value of 𝑓(8) is

(1) 51
(2) 52
(3) 53
(4) 54

Sol. Answer (1)

𝑓(𝑥 3 ) = 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 5 + 𝑥 + 1
𝑓(8) = 16 + 32 + 2 + 1 = 51
𝑥−1
174. If 𝑓(𝑥) = , then 𝑓(𝑎𝑥) in term of 𝑓(𝑥) is given by
𝑥+1
𝑓(𝑥)+𝑎
(1) 1+𝑎𝑓(𝑥)
(𝑎−1)𝑓(𝑥)+𝑎+1
(2)
(𝑎+1)𝑓(𝑥)+𝑎−1
(𝑎+1)𝑓(𝑥)+𝑎−1
(3)
(𝑎−1)𝑓(𝑥)+𝑎+1
𝑎𝑓(𝑥−1)+1
(4)
𝑎𝑓(𝑥−1)+𝑎

Sol. Answer (3)

𝑥−1
𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑖)
𝑥+1

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 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS – QRM (QUICK REVISION MODULES)

𝑓(𝑥) + 1 𝑥 − 1 + 𝑥 + 1
⇒ =
𝑓(𝑥) − 1 𝑥 − 1 − 𝑥 − 1

1 + 𝑓(𝑥)
⇒ 𝑥=
1 − 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑎𝑥−1
Now from (i) 𝑓(𝑎𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥+1
Putting the value of 𝑥 from (ii) in (i), we get
1 + 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑎( ) − 1 𝑎(1 + 𝑓(𝑥)) − 1 + 𝑓(𝑥) (𝑎 − 1) + (𝑎 + 1)𝑓(𝑥)
1 − 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓(𝑎𝑥) = = =
1 + 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑎(1 + 𝑓(𝑥)) + 1 − 𝑓(𝑥) (𝑎 + 1) + (𝑎 − 1)𝑓(𝑥)
𝑎( )+1
1 − 𝑓(𝑥)
(𝑎 + 1)𝑓(𝑥) + (𝑎 − 1)
=
(𝑎 − 1)𝑓(𝑥) + (𝑎 + 1)

175. If 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦, 𝑥 − 𝑦) = 𝑥𝑦 then the arithmetic mean of 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) and 𝑓(𝑦, 𝑥) is

(1) 𝑥
(2) 𝑦
(3) 0
(4) (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )

Sol. Answer (3)

𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦, 𝑥 − 𝑦) = 𝑥𝑦
Let 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑢 and 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 𝑣
1 1
⇒ 𝑥 = (𝑢 + 𝑣) and 𝑦 = (𝑢 − 𝑣)
2 2

1
So, 𝑓(𝑢, 𝑣) = 4 (𝑢2 − 𝑣 2 )
1
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )
4
𝑓(𝑥,𝑦)+𝑓(𝑦,𝑥)
A.M. of 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) and 𝑓(𝑦, 𝑥) = 2
=0

1
176. If 2𝑓(𝑥 2 ) + 3𝑓 (𝑥 2 ) = 𝑥 2 − 1, then 𝑓(𝑥 2 ) is
1−𝑥 4
(1) 5𝑥 2
1−𝑥 2
(2) 5𝑥
5𝑥 2
(3) 1−𝑥 4
3−𝑥 2 −2𝑥 4
(4) 5𝑥 2

Sol. Answer (4)

1
2𝑓(𝑥 2 ) + 3𝑓 ( 2 ) = 𝑥 2 − 1
𝑥

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 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS – QRM (QUICK REVISION MODULES)

1
Replacing 𝑥 by 𝑥, we get
1 1
3𝑓(𝑥 2 ) + 2𝑓 ( 2 ) = 2 − 1
𝑥 𝑥
Multiplying equation (i) by 2 and equation (ii) by 3 and subtracting, we get
3
4𝑓(𝑥 2 ) − 9𝑓(𝑥 2 ) = 2𝑥 2 − 2 − 2 + 3
𝑥
2) 2
3
−5𝑓(𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 2 + 1
𝑥
4
2𝑥 − 3 + 𝑥2
−5𝑓(𝑥 2 ) =
𝑥2
4 2
2𝑥 + 𝑥 − 3 3 − 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 4
𝑓(𝑥 2 ) = =
−5𝑥 2 5𝑥 2

177. Let 𝑦 = sgn(𝑥), then

(1) |𝑥| = 𝑥sgn(𝑥)
(2) sgn(sgn(𝑥)) = sgn(𝑥)
(3) 𝑥 = |𝑥|sgn(𝑥)
(4) All of these

Sol. Answer (4)

𝑦 = sgn(𝑥)
𝑥 if 𝑥 > 0 1 if 𝑥 > 0
|𝑥| = {0 if 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥sgn(𝑥) = {−1 if 𝑥 < 0 and also |𝑥| = 𝑥sgn(𝑥)
−𝑥 if 𝑥 < 0 0 if 𝑥 = 0
(2) & (3) also true

178. Let 𝑔(𝑥) be a polynomial function satisfying 𝑔(𝑥) ⋅ 𝑔(𝑦) = 𝑔(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑦) + 𝑔(𝑥𝑦) − 2
for all 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅 and 𝑔(1) ≠ 1. If 𝑔(3) = 10 then 𝑔(5) equals
(1) -24
(2) 16
(3) 26
(4) 34

Sol. Answer (3)

We have,

𝑔(𝑥) ⋅ 𝑔(𝑦) = 𝑔(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑦) + 𝑔(𝑥𝑦) − 2

Let us put 𝑥 = 𝑦 = 1
⇒ 𝑔(1)2 = 3𝑔(1) − 2
⇒ 𝑔(1)2 − 3𝑔(1) + 2 = 0
⇒ 𝑔(1) = 2 as 𝑔(1) ≠ 1
1
Put 𝑦 = 𝑥

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1 1
𝑔(𝑥) ⋅ 𝑔 ( ) = 𝑔(𝑥) + 𝑔 ( ) + 𝑔(1) − 2
𝑥 𝑥
1 1
⇒𝑔(𝑥) ⋅ 𝑔 ( ) = 𝑔(𝑥) + 𝑔 ( )
𝑥 𝑥
⇒𝑔(𝑥) = ±𝑥 𝑛 + 1
⇒𝑔(3) = 𝑥 𝑛 + 1 = 3𝑛 + 1 = 32 + 1
∴𝑛 = 2 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 1
⇒𝑔(5) = 52 + 1 = 25 + 1 = 26

179. A real valued function 𝑓 satisfy 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑦), ∀𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅 and
𝑓(1) = 1 then 𝑓(1) + 𝑓(2) + 𝑓(3) + ⋯ + 𝑓(2009) equals
(1) 2009 × 2010
(2) 2008 × 2009
(3) 2009 × 1005
(4) 2009 × 1004
Sol. Answer (3)
𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑦)∀𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅
𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑦)
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥
As 𝑓(1) = 1 ⇒ 𝑎 = 1
Now, 𝑓(1) + 𝑓(2) + ⋯ . +𝑓(2009)

2009 × 2010
= = 2009 × 1005
2
2+𝑥
180. If 2 𝑓(𝑥) = 2−𝑥 , 𝑥 ∈ (−2,2) and
8𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝜆𝑓 ( 2 ) then value of ' 𝜆 ' will be
4+𝑥
(1) 2
1
(2) 2
(3) 1
(4) -1
Sol. Answer (2)

2+𝑥
2 𝑓(𝑥) =
2−𝑥
2+𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = log 2 ( )
2−𝑥
8𝑥
8𝑥 2+
4+𝑥2 8+2𝑥 2 +8𝑥 4+𝑥 2 +4𝑥 2+𝑥 2
Now 𝑓 (4+𝑥2 ) = log 2 [ 8𝑥 ] = log 2 [8+2𝑥2 −8𝑥] = log 2 [4+𝑥 2 −4𝑥] = log 2 (2−𝑥) = 2 ⋅
2−
4+𝑥2
2+𝑥
log (2−𝑥) = 2 ⋅ 𝑓(𝑥)

8𝑥
∴ 𝑓( ) = 2 ⋅ 𝑓(𝑥)
4 + 𝑥2
1
⇒ 𝜆=
2

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 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS – QRM (QUICK REVISION MODULES)

181. If {𝑥} and [𝑥] represent fractional and integral part of 𝑥, then [𝑥] +
1090 {𝑥+𝑟}
∑𝑟=1 =
1090
(1) 𝑥
(2) 1090𝑥
𝑥
(3) 1090
(4) 1090
Sol. Answer (1)
∵ {𝑥 + 𝑟} = {𝑥}, as 𝑟 ∈ integer
1090
{𝑥} 1090{𝑥}
[𝑥] + ∑ = [𝑥] + =𝑥
1090 1090
𝑟=1

182. If 𝑦 = 3[𝑥] + 5 and 𝑦 = 2[𝑥 − 1] + 9 then value of [𝑥 + 𝑦] is (where [.]

denotes greatest integer function)
(1) 11
(2) 4
(3) 14
(4) 13
Sol. Answer (4)
3[𝑥] + 5 = 2[𝑥 − 1] + 9
⇒ 3[𝑥] + 5 = 2[𝑥] + 7
⇒ [𝑥] = 2 ⇒ 2 ≤ 𝑥 < 3 or 𝑥 = 2 + 𝑓, 𝑓 → fraction
𝑦 = 3[𝑥] + 5 = 11
Hence, [𝑥 + 𝑦] = [2 + 𝑓 + 11] = 13

4 4 1 4 2 4 999
183. [5] + [5 + 1000] + [5 + 1000] + ⋯ + [5 + 1000] =, where [.] denotes greatest integer
function
(1) 998
(2) 980
(3) 800
(4) 801

Sol. Answer (3)

4 4 1 4 199 4 200 4 201 4 999

[ ]+[ + ]+ ⋯….+[ + ]+[ + ]+[ + ]+ ⋯….+[ + ]
⏟5 5 1000 5 1000 ⏟5 1000 5 1000 5 1000
200 terms are zero 800 terms are equal to 1
⇒ 800

184. The graph of the function 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) is symmetrical about 𝑥 = 5, then

(1) 𝑓(𝑥 + 5) = 𝑓(𝑥 − 5)
(2) 𝑓(5 + 𝑥) = 𝑓(5 − 𝑥)
(3) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(−𝑥)
(4) 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑓(−𝑥)
Sol. Answer (2)
If the graph is symmetrical about 𝑥 = 5 then 𝑓(5 − 𝑡) = 𝑓(5 + 𝑡)

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 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS – QRM (QUICK REVISION MODULES)

∴ 𝑓(5 + 𝑥) = 𝑓(5 − 𝑥)

185. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 satisfies, 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑦), ∀𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅 and 𝑓(1) = 4, then ∑𝑛𝑟=1 𝑓(𝑟)
is
𝑛(𝑛+1)
(1) 2
(2) 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)
(3) 2𝑛(𝑛 + 1)
(4) 4𝑛(𝑛 + 1)

Sol. Answer (3)

𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑦)
Putting 𝑥 = 𝑦 = 1, 𝑓(2) = 2𝑓(1)
Putting 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 1, 𝑓(3) = 𝑓(2) + 𝑓(1) = 3𝑓(1)
In general, 𝑓(𝑛) = 𝑛𝑓(1)
𝑛(𝑛 + 1) 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)
∴ ∑𝑛𝑟=1 𝑓(𝑟) = (1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ … + 𝑛)𝑓(1) = 𝑓(1) = . 4 = 2𝑛(𝑛 + 1)
2 2

186. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 𝑛 + 3); 𝑓(1) = 12, 𝑓(3) = 36; then 𝑓(2) is equal to
(1) 21
(2) 18
(3) 24
(4) 27

Sol. Answer (1)

𝑓(1) = 12 ⇒ 12 = 𝑎(1 + 3) ⇒ 𝑎 = 3
𝑓(3) = 36 ⇒ 36 = 3(3𝑛 + 3) ⇒ 𝑛 = 2
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) = 3(𝑥 2 + 3)
and 𝑓(2) = 3(4 + 3) = 21

1 1 1 1
187. If 𝑓 (𝑥 + 𝑦) + 𝑓 (𝑥 − 𝑦) = 2𝑓(𝑥) ⋅ 𝑓 (𝑦) for all 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅 − {0} and 𝑓(0) = 2, then 𝑓(4)
is
(1) 0
(2) 4
(3) −4
(4) 2

Sol. Answer (1)

At 𝑥 = 0,

1 −1 1
𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( ) − 2𝑓(0)𝑓 ( )
𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
−1 1
⇒ 𝑓 ( ) = 0 since 𝑓(0) =
𝑦 2
−1
at 𝑦 = , 𝑓(4) = 0
4

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 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS – QRM (QUICK REVISION MODULES)

188. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = ||𝑥 − 1| + 𝑎| − 4, if 𝑓(𝑥) = 0 has three real solution, then the
values of a lies in
(1) 𝑎 ∈ {−4}
(2) 𝑎 ∈ (−∞, −4)
(3) 𝑎 ∈ [4, ∞)
(4) 𝑎 ∈ [4,10)
Sol. Answer (1)
Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 0
⇒ ||𝑥 − 1| + 𝑎| = 4

Clearly, it has 3 solutions, from the graph

∴ 𝑎 = −4

189. Let ' *' be the binary operation defined on the set 𝑍 of all integers as 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 +
1 for all 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑍. The identity element w.r.t this operation is
(1) -1
(2) -2
(3) 1
(4) 0

Sol. Answer (1)

If 𝑒 ' is the identity element under ' * ' then
𝑎 ∗ 𝑒 = 𝑒 ∗ 𝑎 = 𝑎 for all 𝑎 ∈ 𝑍
⇒𝑎+𝑒+1=𝑒+𝑎+1 =𝑎
⇒𝑒+1=0
⇒ 𝑒 = −1.

190. The binary operation ' * defined on the set of integers as a * 𝑏 = |𝑎 − 𝑏| − 1 is

(1) Commutative
(2) Associative
(3) Non-associative
(4) Non-commutative

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 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS – QRM (QUICK REVISION MODULES)

Sol. Answer (1)

Here, 𝑏 ∗ 𝑎 = |𝑏 − 𝑎| − 1 = |(−1)(𝑎 − 𝑏)| − 1 = |(−1)||𝑎 − 𝑏| − 1 = 1|𝑎 − 𝑏| − 1

= |𝑎 − 𝑏| − 1 = 𝑎∗ 𝑏

∴ '*, is commutative.

191. If 𝐴 = {𝑎, 𝑏}, then the number of binary operations that can be defined on 𝐴 is
(1) 4
(2) 2
(3) 16
(4) 1

Sol. Answer (3)

Here, 𝑂(𝐴) = 2. Hence, 𝑂(𝐴 × 𝐴) = 2 × 2 = 4. Number of binary operations on 𝐴 is same
as the number of relations that can be defined from 𝐴 × 𝐴 to 𝐴.

Hence, number of binary operations on 𝐴 = 24 = 16.

( ∵ Any ordered pair of 𝐴 × 𝐴 can be associated to any one of the two elements of 𝐴 )

192. Let 𝐴 be the set of all real numbers except -1 and an operation ' 𝑜 ' be defined on 𝐴
by 𝑎𝑜𝑏 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑎𝑏 for all 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝐴, then identity element w.r.t ' 𝑜 ' is
(1) 𝑎
(2) 𝑏
(3) 1
(4) 0

Sol. Answer (4)

If 𝑒 is the identity element w.r.t. ' 0 ', then 𝑎𝑜𝑒 = 𝑒𝑜𝑎 = 𝑎 for all 𝑎 ≠ −1.
⇒ 𝑎 + 𝑒 + 𝑎𝑒 = 𝑎
⇒ 𝑒(1 + 𝑎) = 0
⇒𝑒=0

193. A real valued function 𝑓(𝑥) satisfies the functional equation 𝑓(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥)𝑓(𝑦) −
𝑓(𝑎 − 𝑥)𝑓(𝑎 + 𝑦), where 𝑎 is a given constant and 𝑓(0) = 1, 𝑓(2𝑎 − 𝑥) =
(1) −𝑓(𝑥)
(2) 𝑓(𝑥)
(3) 𝑓(𝑎 − 𝑥)
(4) 𝑓(−𝑥)

Sol. Answer (1)

Putting 𝑥 = 𝑦 = 0, then 𝑥 = 𝑎, 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 𝑎
Now, 𝑓(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥)𝑓(𝑦) − 𝑓(𝑎 − 𝑥)𝑓(𝑎 + 𝑦)

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 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS – QRM (QUICK REVISION MODULES)

𝑓(0) = [𝑓(0)]2 − [𝑓(𝑎)]2 ⇒ 𝑓(𝑎) = 0, ∵ 𝑓(0) = 1

𝑓(2𝑎 − 𝑥) = 𝑓[𝑎 − (𝑥 − 𝑎)]
Again, = 𝑓(𝑎)𝑓(𝑥 − 𝑎) − 𝑓(𝑎 − 𝑎)𝑓(𝑎 + 𝑥 − 𝑎)
= 0 − 𝑓(𝑥) ⇒ 𝑓(2𝑎 − 𝑥) = −𝑓(𝑥)

194. Let 𝑊 denotes the set of words in the English dictionary. Define the
relation 𝑅 by 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ 𝑊 × 𝑊}, the words 𝑥 and 𝑦 have at least one letter in
common, then 𝑅 is
(1) Reflexive, not symmetric and transitive
(2) Not reflexive, symmetric and transitive
(3) Reflexive, symmetric and not transitive
(4) Reflexive, symmetric and transitive
Sol. Answer (3)
𝑅 is reflexive as 𝑥 and 𝑥 have at least one letter common
𝑅 is symmetric as if 𝑥 and 𝑦 have at least one letter common then 𝑦 and 𝑥 have at least
one letter common But 𝑅 is not transitive

Let 𝑥 = 𝐴𝐵𝐶

𝑦 = 𝐵𝐶𝐷
𝑧 = 𝐷𝐸𝐹

Here 𝑥𝑅𝑦, y 𝑅𝑧, but 𝑥𝑅𝑧 not possible.

195. Let (𝑥0 , 𝑦0 ) be the solution of the following equations

(2𝑥)ln 2 = (3𝑦)ln 3
3ln 𝑥 = 2ln 𝑦

Then 𝑥0 is
[IIT-JEE 2011]
1
(1)
6
1
(2) 3
1
(3) 2
(4) 6

Sol. Answer (3)

We have

(2𝑥)ln 2 = (3𝑦)ln 3
⇒ (ln 2)log 3 2𝑥 = (ln 3)log 3 3𝑦
⇒ log 3𝑦 2𝑥 = log 2 3
⇒ (2𝑥) = 3𝑎 , (3𝑦) = 2𝑎 , say
Also 3ln 𝑥 = 2ln 𝑦
⇒ ln 𝑥 = ln 𝑦(log 3 2)

⇒ log 𝑦 𝑥 = log 3 2

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 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS – QRM (QUICK REVISION MODULES)

⇒ 𝑥 = 2𝑘 , 𝑦 = 3𝑘
⇒ 3𝑎 = 2𝑘+1
⇒ 𝑎 = 0 and 𝑘 + 1 = 0
⇒ 2𝑥 = 3𝑎
1
⇒ 𝑥=
2

196. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 and 𝑔(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 for all 𝑥 ∈ ℝ. Then the set of all 𝑥 satisfying (fogogof)
(𝑥) = (𝑔 ∘ 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥), where (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)), is
[IIT-JEE 2011]
(1) ±√𝑛𝜋, 𝑛 ∈ {0,1,2, … }
(2) ±√𝑛𝜋, 𝑛 ∈ {1,2, … }
𝜋
(3) 2 + 2𝑛𝜋, 𝑛 ∈ {… , −2, −1,0,1,2, … }
(4) 2𝑛𝜋, 𝑛 ∈ {… , −2, −1,0,1,2, … }

Sol. Answer (1)

We have,

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 and 𝑔(𝑥) = sin 𝑥, ∀𝑥

⇒𝑓(𝑔(𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)))) = 𝑔(𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)))
⇒𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑔(𝑥 2 ) = sin 𝑥 2
⇒𝑔(𝑔(𝑓(𝑥))) = 𝑔(sin 𝑥 2 ) = sin(sin 𝑥 2 )
2
⇒𝑓(𝑔(𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)))) = (sin(sin 𝑥 2 ))
⇒(sin sin 𝑥 2 )2 = sin(sin 𝑥 2 )
⇒sin((sin 𝑥 2 ) = 0 or sin(sin 𝑥 2 ) = 1

But sin(sin 𝑥 2 ) = 1 is not possible hence sin 𝑥 2 = 0

⇒ 𝑥 2 = 𝑛𝜋

⇒ 𝑥 = ±√𝑛𝜋, 𝑛 ∈ {0,1,2,3 … … }

197. The function 𝑓: [0,3] → [1,29], defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 15𝑥 2 + 36𝑥 + 1, is

[IIT-JEE 2012]
(1) One-one and onto
(2) Onto but not one-one
(3) One-one but not onto
(4) Neither one-one nor onto
Sol. Answer (2)

𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 15𝑥 2 + 36𝑥 + 1

𝑓(𝑥) = 6𝑥 2 − 30𝑥 + 36
= 6(𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6)
= 6(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 3)

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 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS – QRM (QUICK REVISION MODULES)

Clearly the derivative changes sign in [0,3] so, 𝑓 is NOT one-one.

Now, the function is increasing in [0,2] and decreasing in [2, 3]
Also, 𝑓(0) = 1

𝑓(2) = 29

𝑓(3) = 8

Hence the range is [1,29] and so, the function is onto.

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 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS – QRM (QUICK REVISION MODULES)

SECTION - B

Objective Type Questions (More than one options are correct)

1. Let 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑅 be a function such that 𝑓(1) + 2𝑓(2) + 3𝑓(3) + ⋯ . +𝑛𝑓(𝑛) = 𝑛(𝑛 +
1)𝑓(𝑛), for 𝑛 ≥ 2 and 𝑓(1) = 1 then
1
(1) 𝑓(𝑛) =
𝑛
1
(2) 𝑓(5) = 10
1
(3) 𝑓(5) =5
1
(4) 𝑓(𝑛) = 2𝑛
Sol. Answer (2, 4)
𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑅
𝑓(1) + 2𝑓(2) + 3𝑓(3) + ⋯ + 𝑛𝑓(𝑛) = 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)𝑓(𝑛), for 𝑛 ≥ 2, 𝑓(1) = 1
𝑛=2
𝑓(1) + 2𝑓(2) = 6𝑓(2)
1
⇒ 4𝑓(2) = 1 ⇒ 𝑓(2) =
4
𝑛=3
𝑓(1) + 2𝑓(2) + 3𝑓(3) + 4𝑓(4) = 3 × 4 × 𝑓(3)
2
1 + + 3𝑓(3) = 12𝑓(3)
4
6 3 1
⇒ 9𝑓(3) = = ⇒ 𝑓(3) =
4 2 6
𝑛=4
𝑓(1) + 2𝑓(2) + 3𝑓(3) = 4 × 5 × 𝑓(4)

1
⇒ 𝑓(4) =
8

1
𝑓(𝑛) =
2𝑛
1
So 𝑓(5) = 10,

1
𝑓(𝑛) =
2𝑛

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 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS – QRM (QUICK REVISION MODULES)

2. Which of the following pairs are equal functions?

(1) ln 𝑥 2 , 2ln 𝑥; 𝑥 > 0
𝑥2
(2) 𝑥 , 𝑥
(3) |𝑥|2 , 𝑥 2
(4) |𝑥|3 , 𝑥 3
Sol. Answer (1, 3)
Clearly, ln 𝑥 2 = 2ln 𝑥 for 𝑥 > 0
And |𝑥|2 = 𝑥 2 , ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅

3. Let {𝑥} and [𝑥] denote the fractional and integral part of a real number 𝑥 respectively.
The value(s) of 𝑥 satisfying 4{𝑥} = 𝑥 + [𝑥] is/are
(1) 0
5
(2) 3
1
(3) 3
(4) 1

Sol. Answer (1, 2)

We have

4{𝑥} = 𝑥 + [𝑥]
3{𝑥} = 𝑥 − {𝑥} + [𝑥]
3{𝑥} = 2[𝑥]
⇒ 0 ≤ 2[𝑥] < 3
3
⇒ 0 ≤ [𝑥] <
2
⇒ [𝑥] = 0,1
Also 3{𝑥} = 2[𝑥] ⇒ 3{{𝑥} + [𝑥]} = 5[𝑥]
5 5
⇒ 3𝑥 = 5[𝑥] ⇒ 𝑥 = [𝑥] ⇒ 𝑥 = 0, [ As [𝑥] = 0 and 1 only]
3 3

4. Let 𝑛𝐾 be the number of real solutions of the equation |𝑥 + 1| + |𝑥 − 3| = 𝐾, then

(1) 𝑛𝐾 = 0, if 𝐾 < 4
(2) 𝑛𝐾 = 2 if 𝐾 > 4
(3) 𝑛𝐾 is infinitely many if 𝐾 = 4
(4) Minimum value of 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 + 1| + |𝑥 − 3| is 2
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3)
If 𝐾 < 4 obviously no solution
As 𝑛𝑘 = 2 if 𝐾 > 4
and infinitely many if 𝐾 = 4
Minimum value of |𝑥 + 1| + |𝑥 − 3| is 4

5. Let 𝑓(𝑥) be a function such that 𝑓(𝑥) ⋅ 𝑓(𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦), 𝑓(0) = 1, 𝑓(1) = 4. If 2𝑔(𝑥) =
𝑓(𝑥)(1 − 𝑔(𝑥)) then
(1) 𝑔(𝑥) + 𝑔(1 − 𝑥) = 0
(2) 𝑔(𝑥) = 1 − 𝑔(1 − 𝑥)

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 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS – QRM (QUICK REVISION MODULES)

𝐾 9
(3) ∑9𝐾=1 𝑔 (10) = 2
𝐾
(4) ∑18
𝐾=1 𝑔 (19) = 9

Sol. Answer (2, 3, 4)

2𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥)(1 − 𝑔(𝑥))
2𝑔(1 − 𝑥) = 𝑓(1 − 𝑥)(1 − 𝑔(1 − 𝑥))
⇒ 𝑔(𝑥) + 𝑔(1 − 𝑥) = 1
𝑘 1 2 8 9
∑9𝑘=1 𝑔 ( ) = 𝑔 ( ) + 𝑔 ( ) + ⋯ … + 𝑔 ( ) + 𝑔 ( )
10 10 10 10 10
1 9 2 8 3 7 4 6
= (𝑔 ( ) + 𝑔 ( )) + (𝑔 ( ) + 𝑔 ) + (𝑔 ( ) + 𝑔 ( )) + (𝑔 ( ) + 𝑔 ( ))
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
5
+𝑔( )
10
1 1 9
= 4+𝑔( ) = 4+ =
2 2 2

6. Which of the following is correct? ([.] represents greatest integer function,

{.}𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)
(1) [{𝑥}] + {[𝑥]} + [{𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 2}] + {[𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 2]} = 0
200+1 200+2 1 2 9
(2) ([ 2 ] + [ 22 ] + ⋯ ∞) + ([10] + [10 + 10] + [10 + 10] + ⋯ [10 + 10]) = 300
(3) [[[𝑥]]] = [𝑥]
(4) [|𝑥|] = |[𝑥]|

Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3)

(i) Fractional part of any integer is zero and integral part of any fraction is zero
𝑛+1 𝑛+2 𝑛+4
(ii) We have [ 2 ] + [ 2 ] + [ 2 ] + ⋯ . . ∞ = 𝑛; 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁

1 2 𝑛−1
And [𝑥] + [𝑥 + ] + [𝑥 + ] + ⋯ … + [𝑥 + ] = [𝑛𝑥] ⋅ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
Hence = 200 + 100 = 300

7. Let 𝑓 be a function from a set 𝑋 to 𝑋, such that (𝑓(𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑥, for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋, then
(1) 𝑓 is one-one
(2) 𝑓 is onto
(3) 𝑓 is many one
(4) 𝑓 is into
Sol. Answer (1, 2)
𝑓[𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓 −1 (𝑥)
Hence, function is bijective.

8. Which of the following statements is/are true?

(1) 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅, 𝑓(𝑥) = log(𝑥 + √1 + 𝑥 2 ) is an odd function
(2) 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅, 𝑓(0) = 3, then 𝑓(𝑥) must not be an odd function
𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥
(3) 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥 ) is an onto function
(4) Graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥sin 𝑥 is bounded between lines 𝑦 = 𝑥, 𝑦 = −𝑥

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 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS – QRM (QUICK REVISION MODULES)

Sol. Answer (1, 2, 4)

(1) 𝑓(−𝑥) = −𝑓(𝑥)
(2) A function can be odd only if its value at 𝑥 = 0 is zero or undefined.
(3) Given function is even, continuous hence range cannot be ' 𝑅 ' hence into in 𝑅 → 𝑅.
(4) True, see graph

9. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑎𝑥 + cos 𝑏𝑥 be a periodic function, then

3𝜋
(1) 𝑎 = 2 , 𝑏 = 𝜋
(2) 𝑎 = √3, 𝑏 = 5√3
(3) 𝑎 = 3√2, 𝑏 = 2√3
(4) 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑅

Sol. Answer (1, 2)

2𝜋 2𝜋
𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑎𝑥 + cos 𝑏𝑥 is periodic with fundamental period = LCM (|𝑎| , |𝑏|)

3𝜋
From (1), if 𝑎 = 2
,𝑏 =𝑥

4
Period = LCM ( , 2) = 4
3

From (2), if 𝑎 = √3, 𝑏 = 5√3

2𝜋 2𝜋 2𝜋
Period = LCM ( , )=
√3 5√3 √3

From (3), if 𝑎 = 3√2, 𝑏 = 2√3

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 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS – QRM (QUICK REVISION MODULES)

2𝜋 2𝜋 𝜋√6 𝜋√6
Period = LCM ( , )= but 𝑓 (𝑥 + ) ≠ 𝑓(𝑥)
3√2 2√3 3 3

From (4) if 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑅 such period of one of sin 𝑎𝑥 and cos 𝑏𝑥 is rational and other is
irrational then LCM is not possible. Hence options (1) and (2) are correct.

10. Which of the following function is periodic?

(1) sgn(𝑒 −𝑥 )𝑥 > 0
(2) |sin 𝑥| + sin 𝑥
(3) min(4cos 𝑥, |𝑥|)
1 1
(4) [𝑥 + 2] + [𝑥 − 2] + 2[−𝑥], [.]𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

Sol. Answer (1, 2, 4)

(1) 𝑒 −𝑥 > 0
⇒ Sgn(𝑒 −𝑥 ) = 1 for all 𝑥∀𝑅
Hence, Sgn(𝑒 −𝑥 ) is periodic.
(2) 𝑓(𝑥) = |sin 𝑥| + sin 𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) is periodic with fundamental period 2𝜋.

11. If 𝑓(𝑥) = sin2 𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = {𝑥} are two real valued function then
(1) Period of 𝑓[𝑔(𝑥)] will be ' 1 '
(2) Period of 𝑔[𝑓(𝑥)] will be 𝜋
(3) Period of 𝑓[𝑔(𝑥)] + 𝑔[𝑓(𝑥)] will be 𝜋
(4) Period of 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) + 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) will be 1

Sol. Answer (1, 2)

Period of 𝑓(𝑥) is 𝜋, period of 𝑔(𝑥) is 1
Hence period of 𝑓[𝑔(𝑥)] = sin2 {𝑥} will be 1 .
Period of 𝑔[𝑓(𝑥)] = {sin2 𝑥} will be 𝜋
𝜋
∵ {sin2 𝑥} = sin2 𝑥, ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 − {(2𝑛 + 1) }
2
But period of 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) + 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) will not be defined since LCM of rational and irrational
is not defined.

12. Let us consider a function 𝑓(𝑥) = sin[𝑥], where [𝑥] denotes the greatest integer
function. Then
(1) 𝑓(𝑥) is non-periodic
(2) There does not exist 𝑥 such that sin[𝑥] = cos[𝑥]
(3) There exist infinitely many 𝑥 for which sin[𝑥] ≠ cos[𝑥]
(4) There exist infinitely many 𝑥 for which sin[𝑥] = tan[𝑥]

Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3, 4)

𝑓(𝑥) = sin[𝑥] is non-periodic
For sin(𝑥) = [0][𝑥]
𝜋
[𝑥] = 2𝑛𝜋 + 4 which is not possible.
Also, for 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 1

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 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS – QRM (QUICK REVISION MODULES)

sin[𝑥] = tan[𝑥] = 0

1
13. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = [𝑥 2 [𝑥2 ]] , 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 − {0}. [ . ] represents greatest integral function. Then
(1) 𝑓(𝑥) is an even function
(2) 𝑓(1) = 0
(3) 𝑓(𝑥) = 0 ∀𝑥 ∈ (1, ∞) ∪ (−∞, −1)
(4) 𝑓(1) = 1

Sol. Answer (1, 3, 4)

Clearly 𝑓(𝑥) is even function.
For 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, −1) ∪ (1, ∞)

1
0< <1
𝑥2

Hence 𝑓(𝑥) = 0
Also 𝑓(1) = 1

14. Which of the following functions are bounded in the interval as indicated?
(1) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
1
(2) 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥cos 𝑥 on (−∞, ∞)
(3) ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 on (0, ∞)
(4) 𝐼(𝑥) = arctan 2𝑥 on (−∞, ∞)

Sol. Answer (1, 3, 4)

A function is called bounded if |𝑓|𝑥| ∣≤ 𝑀 ( 𝑀 is finite number)
(1) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥, |sin 𝑥| ≤ 1, hence bounded.
1
(2) At 𝑥 = 0𝑥cos 𝑥 is undefined also as 𝑥 → ∞𝑥cos 𝑥 → ∞ hence unbounded.
(3) If 𝑥 ∈ (0, ∞) 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 ∈ (0, 𝑒 −1 ) hence bound
𝜋
(4) 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, ∞) arctan 2𝑥 ∈ (0, )
2

1 1
15. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = , then
√𝑥
(1) 𝑓[𝑔(𝑥)] and 𝑔[𝑓(𝑥)] have different domain
(2) 𝑓[𝑔(𝑥)] and 𝑔[𝑓(𝑥)] have the same range
(3) 𝑓[𝑔(𝑥)] is a one-one
(4) 𝑔[𝑓(𝑥)] is neither odd nor even

Sol. Answer (2, 3, 4)

1
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 Dom (𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑅0
1
𝑔(𝑥) = Dom(𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝑅 +
√𝑥
1
𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 1 = √𝑥, 𝑥 ≥ 0
√𝑥 ] domain is same.
𝑔(𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 𝑥≥0

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 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS – QRM (QUICK REVISION MODULES)

∵ 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥) hence range is [0, ∞) for both.

16. Which of the following functions are periodic?

|sgn(𝑥)|, 𝑥 ≠ 0
(1) 𝑓(𝑥) = {
1, 𝑥=0
(2) 𝑔(𝑥) = sin−1 (sin 𝑥)
1
sin (𝑥) , 𝑥 ≠ 0
(3) ℎ(𝑥) = {
0, 𝑥=0
𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥
(4) 𝑤(𝑥) = 2 , ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅

Sol. Answer (1, 2)

(1) 𝑓(𝑥) = 1, ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 hence constant hence periodic.
(2) Periodic with period 2𝜋.
(3) Graph of function oscillates but is not periodic.
(4) 𝑓(𝑥 + 2𝜋𝑖) = 𝑓(𝑥) function is not periodic since time period is imaginary.

1 1
17. If 𝑓(𝑥) is a polynomial function satisfying the condition 𝑓(𝑥) ⋅ 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓 (𝑥)
and 𝑓(2) = 9 then
(1) 2𝑓(4) = 3𝑓(6)
(2) 14𝑓(1) = 𝑓(3)
(3) 9𝑓(3) = 2𝑓(5)
(4) 𝑓(10) = 𝑓(11)

Sol. Answer (2, 3)

1 1
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑓 ( ) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓 ( )
𝑥 𝑥
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 ± 𝑥 𝑛
∴ 𝑓(2) = 1 + 2𝑛 = 9 ⇒ 𝑛 = 3
Hence 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 + 𝑥 3

5𝑥
18. 𝑓: [0, ∞) → [0, ∞), 𝑓(𝑥) = 5+𝑥 is
(1) One-one
(2) Many one
(3) Onto
(4) Into

Sol. Answer (1, 4)

5𝑥 5
𝑦 = 5+𝑥 = 5 for each value of 𝑥 there is a unique value of 𝑦 and hence the mapping is
+1
𝑥
one-one from given
5𝑦
𝑥 = 5−𝑦, equation for 𝑦 = 5 there is no 𝑥 and hence it is not onto.

19. Which of the following is/are periodic?

(1) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − [𝑥], where [𝑥] denotes the greatest integral function

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 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS – QRM (QUICK REVISION MODULES)

(2) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐 (where 𝑐 is a constant)

(3) 𝑓(𝑥) = tan 𝑥 2
1
(4) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2tan 2 (𝑥 − 𝜋)

Sol. Answer (1, 2, 4)

1
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − [𝑥], 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐 and 𝑓(𝑥) = 2tan (𝑥 − 𝜋) are periodic functions.
2

20. If 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝜃. 𝑥 + 𝑎 and the equation 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) is satisfied by every real value of
𝑥, then
𝜋
(1) 𝜃 = 2
3𝜋
(2) 𝜃 = 2
(3) 𝑎 ∈ 𝑅
𝜋
(4) 𝑎 = 1, 𝜃 = 2

Sol. Answer (2, 3)

𝑥 𝑎
𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝜃 ⋅ 𝑥 + 𝑎 ⇒ 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = =
sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃
Since, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓 −1 (𝑥), ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
1 −𝑎
⇒ = sin 𝜃 and 𝑎 =
sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃
3𝜋
⇒𝜃= and 𝑎 ∈ 𝑅
2
21. Which pair of functions is/are not identical?
(1) log 𝑒 𝑥 3 , 3log 𝑒 𝑥
(2) log 𝑒 𝑒 𝑥 , 𝑒 log𝑒 𝑥
(3) sin(sin−1 𝑥), sin−1 (sin 𝑥)
(4) sin2 𝑥 + cos 2 𝑥, sec 2 𝑥 − tan2 𝑥
Sol. Answer (2, 3, 4)
log 𝑒 𝑥 3 is defined for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 − {0}, while 3log 𝑒 𝑥 is defined for 𝑥 > 0
log 𝑒 𝑒 𝑥 is defined for all 𝑥, while is defined for 𝑥 > 0. sin(sin−1 𝑥) is defined for 𝑥 ∈ [−1,1]
𝜋 𝜋
and sin−1 (sin 𝑥) is defined for 𝑥 ∈ [− 2 , 2 ]. Domain of sin2 𝑥 + cos2 𝑥 and sec 2 𝑥 − tan2 𝑥
are not equal.

22. If 𝑓 : {𝑥: −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1} → {𝑥: −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1}, then which is/are bijective?

(1) 𝑓(𝑥) = [𝑥]
𝜋𝑥
(2) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 2
(3) 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥|
(4) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥|𝑥|

Sol. Answer (2, 4)

𝜋𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = sin
2

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Clearly, it is one-one and onto i.e., bijective.

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥|𝑥|

Clearly, it is bijective

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 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS – QRM (QUICK REVISION MODULES)

2,𝑥 ∈ 𝑄
23. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = { , then
−2,𝑥 ∉ 𝑄
(1) 𝑓(𝑓(√2)) = 2
(2) 𝑓(𝑓(𝜋)) = 2
(3) 𝑓(𝑥) is non-periodic
(4) 𝑓(𝑥) is periodic but fundamental period does not exist

Sol. Answer (1, 2, 4)

2, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑄
𝑓(𝑥) = {
−2, 𝑥 ∉ 𝑄
Between two rational numbers at least one irrational number exists and between two
irrational numbers at least one rational number exists. So, function is periodic but
fundamental period does not exist.

24. Let 𝑓: (0,1) → ℝ be defined by

𝑏−𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) =
1 − 𝑏𝑥

where 𝑏 is a constant such that 0 < 𝑏 < 1. Then

[IIT-JEE 2011]
(1) 𝑓 is not invertible on (0,1)
1
(2) 𝑓 ≠ 𝑓 −1 on (0,1) and 𝑓 ′ (𝑏) = 𝑓′ (0)
1
(3) 𝑓 = 𝑓 −1 on (0,1) and 𝑓 ′ (𝑏) = 𝑓′ (0)
(4) 𝑓 −1 is differentiable on (0,1)

Sol. Answer (1)

Let 𝑓: (0,1) → ℝ defined by
𝑏−𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = 1−𝑏𝑥, where 0 < 𝑏 < 1
We observe that

1 + 𝑏2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = >0
(1 − 𝑏𝑥)2

⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) is strictly increasing ∀𝑥 ∈ (0,1)

It is obvious that 𝑓(𝑥) does not take all real values for 0 < 𝑏 < 1
⇒ 𝑓: (0,1) → ℝ is into function, and hence its increase does not exist.

25. If 3𝑥 = 4𝑥−1 , then 𝑥 =

[JEE (Advanced) 2013]
2log 2
(1) 2log 32−1
3
2
(2) 2−log
23
1
(3) 1−log
43
2log2 3
(4) 2log2 3−1

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 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS – QRM (QUICK REVISION MODULES)

Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3)

3𝑥 = 4𝑥−1
𝑥log 2 3 = (𝑥 − 1)log 2 4
𝑥log 2 3 = (𝑥 − 1) ⋅ 2
2𝑥 − 𝑥log 2 3 = 2
𝑥[2 − log 2 3] = 2
2
𝑥=
2 − log 2 3
2 2log 3 2
⇒ = ⇒ (1)
1 2log 3 2 − 1
2−
log 3 2
1 1
⇒ = ⇒ (3)
1 1 − log 4 3
1 − log 2 3
2
So, (1), (2), (3)

𝜋 𝜋
26. Let 𝑓: (− , ) → ℝ be given by 𝑓(𝑥) = (log(sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥))3 . Then
2 2
[JEE(Advanced)-2014]
(1) 𝑓(𝑥) is an odd function
(2) 𝑓(𝑥) is a one-one function
(3) 𝑓(𝑥) is an onto function
(4) 𝑓(𝑥) is an even function

Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3)

𝑓(𝑥) = (log(sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥))3
3
3
1
𝑓(−𝑥) = (log(sec 𝑥 − tan 𝑥)) = log ( ) = −𝑓(𝑥)
sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥
∴ 𝑓 is odd.
(sec 𝑥tan 𝑥+sec2 𝑥)
Also 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 3(log(sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥))2 . = 3sec 𝑥. (log(sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥))2 > 0 in
sec 𝑥+tan 𝑥
𝜋 𝜋
(− 2 , 2 )
𝜋 𝜋
∴ 𝑓 is increasing on (− 2 , 2 )
∴ 𝑓 is one-one

lim (log(sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥))3 → ∞ and lim + (log(sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥))3 → −∞

𝜋−
𝑥→ 𝜋
2 𝑥→−
2

∴ Range is ℝ.

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
27. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = sin (6 sin ( 2 sin 𝑥)) for all 𝑥 ∈ ℝ and 𝑔(𝑥) = 2 sin 𝑥 for all 𝑥 ∈ ℝ. Let (𝑓 ∘
𝑔)(𝑥) denote 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥) and (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥) denote 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)). Then which of the following is (are)
true?
[JEE(Advanced)-2015]
1 1
(1) Range of 𝑓 is [− 2 , 2]
1 1
(2) Range of 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 is [− 2 , 2]

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 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS – QRM (QUICK REVISION MODULES)

𝑓(𝑥) 𝜋
(3) lim 𝑔(𝑥) = 6
𝑥→0
(4) There is an 𝑥 ∈ ℝ such that (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 1

Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3)

𝜋 𝜋
𝑓(𝑥) = sin ( sin ( sin 𝑥))
6 2
−𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
≤ sin 𝑥 ≤
2 2 2
𝜋
−1 ≤ sin ( sin 𝑥) ≤ 1
2

−𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
sin ( ) ≤ sin ( (sin ( sin 𝑥))) ≤ sin
6 6 2 6

−1 𝜋 𝜆 1
≤ sin ( (sin ( sin 𝑥))) ≤
2 6 2 2

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = sin ( (sin ( sin ( sin 𝑥))))
6 2 2

𝜋
−1 ≤ sin ( sin 𝑥) ≤ 1
2
−𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
≤ sin ( sin 𝑥) ≤
2 2 2 2

𝜋 𝜋
−1 ≤ sin ( (sin ( sin 𝑥))) ≤ 1
2 2

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
− ≤ sin ( (sin ( sin 𝑥))) ≤
6 6 2 2 6

−1 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 1
≤ sin ( sin ( sin ( sin 𝑥))) ≤
2 6 2 2 2

𝜋 𝜋
sin (6 sin (2 sin 𝑥)) 𝜋 sin (𝜋 sin 𝑥)
lim 6
×𝜋 2
𝑥→0 𝜋 𝜋
sin 𝑥
2 6 sin (2 sin 𝑥)
𝜋
𝜋 sin (2 sin 𝑥) 𝜋
⇒ lim 𝜋 =
𝑥→0 6 sin 𝑥 6
2

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 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS – QRM (QUICK REVISION MODULES)

𝜋 −1 𝜋 1
Range of 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) is [ sin ( ) , sin ]
2 2 2 2

𝜋 1 𝜋 1
[− sin , sin ]
2 2 2 2

Hence, 1 does not belong to this range.

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 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS – QRM (QUICK REVISION MODULES)

SECTION - C

Linked Comprehension Type Questions

Comprehension-I
Let 𝑓(𝑥) be a real valued function such that the area of an equilateral triangle with two of
√3
its vertices at (0,0) and (𝑥, 𝑓(𝑥)) is 4
square units. Then

1. Perimeter of the equilateral triangle is

(1) 1
(2) 3
(3) 6
(4) 3√3
Sol. Answer (2)
√𝑥 2 + (𝑓(𝑥))2 be the length of the side of the given equilateral triangle
√3
Now area of equilateral triangle = × ( side )2
4
√3 √3 2
= [𝑥 + (𝑓(𝑥))2 ]
4 4
⇒ (𝑓(𝑥))2 + 𝑥 2 = 1 ⇒ {𝑓(𝑥)}2 = 1 − 𝑥 2
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = ±√1 − 𝑥 2
√3
And since area = (given)
4
√3 √3
× 𝑎2 = ⇒𝑎=1
4 4
Perimeter = 3

2. 𝑓(𝑥) is given by
(1) √2 − 𝑥 2
(2) √1 + 𝑥 2
(3) √1 − 𝑥 2
(4) ±√1 − 𝑥 2

Sol. Answer (3)

√𝑥 2 + (𝑓(𝑥))2 be the length of the side of the given equilateral triangle

√3
Now area of equilateral triangle = × ( side )2
4

√3 √3 2
= [𝑥 + (𝑓(𝑥))2 ]
4 4
⇒ (𝑓(𝑥))2 + 𝑥 2 = 1 ⇒ {𝑓(𝑥)}2 = 1 − 𝑥 2
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = ±√1 − 𝑥 2

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 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS – QRM (QUICK REVISION MODULES)

3. The domain of the function is

(1) [1, ∞)
(2) (−∞, 1)
(3) (−1,1)
(4) [−1,1]
Sol. Answer (4)
Domain of 𝑓(𝑥): 1 − 𝑥 2 ≥ 0

⇒ 𝑥 2 − 1 ≤ 0 ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ [−1,1]

Comprehension-II
Let 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) be two real valued functions then |𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)| ≤ |𝑓(𝑥)| + |𝑔(𝑥)|
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 3 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 4 − 𝑥, then

1. The number of solution(s) of the above inequality when 𝑥 ≥ 4 is

(1) 0
(2) 1
(3) 2
(4) Infinitely many
Sol. Answer (4)

𝑥≥4
If |𝑓(𝑥)| = |𝑥 − 3| = 𝑥 − 3
|𝑔(𝑥)| = |4 − 𝑥| = 𝑥 − 4

Now |𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)| ≤ |𝑓(𝑥)| + |𝑔(𝑥)|

⇒ |(𝑥 − 3) − (4 − 𝑥)| ≤ |𝑥 − 3| + |4 − 𝑥| ⇒ |2𝑥 − 7| ≤ |𝑥 − 3| + |𝑥 − 4|
⇒ 2𝑥 − 7 ≤ 𝑥 − 3 + 𝑥4 ⇒ 2𝑥 − 7 ≤ 2𝑥 − 7, equality holds
This inequality has infinitely many solutions for 𝑥 ≥ 4.

2. The number of solution(s) of the above inequality for 3 < 𝑥 < 4 is

(1) 0
(2) 1
(3) 2
(4) Infinitely many

Sol. Answer (4)

In the region 3 < 𝑥 < 4 we get that |𝑥 − 3| = 𝑥 − 3, |𝑥 − 4| = 4 − 𝑥

|𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)| = 2𝑥 − 7, |𝑓(𝑥)| + |𝑔(𝑥)| = 1

⇒ |2𝑥 − 7| ≤ 1
⇒ 3≤𝑥≤4

Clearly the given inequality has infinitely many solutions.

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Comprehension-III
𝑥; 𝑥 ≥ 0
The absolute valued function 𝑓 is defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = { } and fractional part
−𝑥; 𝑥 < 0
function 𝑔(𝑥) as 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − [𝑥], graphically, the number of real solution(s) of the
equation 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) is obtained by finding the point(s) of intersection of the graph of
𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑥).

1. The number of solution(s) of |𝑥 − 1| − |𝑥 + 2| = 𝑘, when −3 < 𝑘 < 3, is

(1) 0
(2) 1
(3) 2
(4) 3
Sol. Answer (2)
Consider 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 − 1| − |𝑥 + 2|
−(𝑥 − 1) + 𝑥 + 2 = 3 ; 𝑥 ≤ −2
𝑓(𝑥) = {−(𝑥 − 1) − (𝑥 + 2) = −2𝑥 − 1 ; −2 < 𝑥 < 1
(𝑥 − 1) − (𝑥 + 2) = −3 ;𝑥 ≥ 1

Clearly when −3 < 𝑘 < 3, then there is only one solution

2. The number of solution(s) of |𝑥 − 1| = {𝑥}, 𝑥 ∈ [−1,2] is

(1) 1
(2) 2
(3) 3
(4) Infinitely many

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Sol. Answer (4)

Comprehension-IV
Let 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) be a function defined on [-2, 2] such that 𝑓(𝑥) = −1, −2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤
0; 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 1,0 < 𝑥 ≤ 2 and 𝑔(𝑥) = |𝑥|. Let ℎ(𝑥) be a function defined as ℎ(𝑥) =
𝑓𝑜𝑔(𝑥) + 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓(𝑥)

1. The range of ℎ(𝑥) is

(1) [0,1]
(2) [−2,2]
(3) [0,2]
(4) [1,2]
2. The function ℎ(𝑥) is
(1) One-one
(2) One-one on [-1, 1]
(3) A linear function on [−2,1]
(4) A linear function on [1, 2]
3. The function ℎ(𝑥)
(1) Decrease in [-2, 2]
(2) Decreases strictly in [-2, 1]
(3) Increases in [−2,2]
(4) Increases in [1, 2]

Solution of Comprehension-IV

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−1, −2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0
𝑓(𝑥) = {
𝑥 − 1, 0≤𝑥≤2
𝑥, 𝑥 ≥ 0 0 ≤ |𝑥| ≤ 2
𝑔(𝑥) = |𝑥| = {
−𝑥, 𝑥 < 0
(𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥) = {|𝑥| − 1 }

| − 1|, −2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0
Also (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥) = {
|𝑥 − 1|, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2

1, −2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0
⇒ (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥) = { −(𝑥 − 1), 0≤𝑥≤1
𝑥 − 1, 1≤𝑥≤2

−𝑥, −2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0
ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 + 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓 = { 0, 0≤𝑥≤1
2(𝑥 − 1), 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2

Graph of ℎ(𝑥)

1. Answer (3)
From graph range [0, 2]
2. Answer (4)

Linear in [1, 2]
3. Answer (4)

From graph 𝑓(𝑥) increases in [1, 2]

Comprehension-V
Consider that 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵
(i) If 𝑓(𝑥) is one-one 𝑓(𝑥1 ) = 𝑓(𝑥2 ) ⇔ 𝑥1 = 𝑥2 or 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) ≥ 0 or 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) ≤ 0.

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(ii) If 𝑓(𝑥) is onto the range of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐵.

(iii) If 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) are inverse of each other then 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑥.

Now, consider the answer of the following questions.

1. If 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) are mirror image of each other through 𝑦 = 𝑥 and such that
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑥 then the value of 𝑔′ (1) is
1
(1) 2
(2) 2
(3) 1
(4) 3
Sol. Answer (1)

𝑓𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑔𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑓 ′ (𝑔(𝑥)) ⋅ 𝑔′ (𝑥) = 𝑔′ 𝑓(𝑥) ⋅ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 1

1 1 1 1
⇒ 𝑔′ (𝑥) = ′ ⇒ 𝑔′ (1) = ′ = ′ =
𝑓 (𝑔(𝑥)) 𝑓 (𝑔(1)) 𝑓 (0) 2

2. Let 𝑓 be one-one function with domain {𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧} and range {1,2,3}. It is given that
exactly one of the following statement is true and the remaining two are false.
𝑓(𝑥) = 1, 𝑓(𝑦) ≠ 1, 𝑓(𝑧) ≠ 2, then the value of 𝑓 −1 (1) is
(1) 𝑥
(2) 𝑧
(3) 𝑦
(4) Does not exist
Sol. Answer (3)
𝑓 −1 (1) = 𝑦
𝑘𝑥
3. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+1 then the value of 𝑘 such that 𝑓(𝑥) is inverse of itself is
(1) 0
(2) -1
(3) 1
(4) 2

Sol. Answer (2)

𝑓(𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑥
𝛼2𝑥
⇒ =𝑥
𝛼𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1
⇒ (𝛼 2 − 1)𝑥 = 𝑥 2 (𝛼 + 1) ⇒ 𝛼 = −1

Comprehension-VI
Let 𝑓 be a real valued function with domain 𝑅 satisfying
1
𝑓(𝑥 + 3) = 1 + [1 − 3𝑓(𝑥) + 3(𝑓(𝑥))2 − (𝑓(𝑥))3 ]3 , ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅. Then

1. The period of 𝑓(𝑥) is

(1) 2
(2) 3

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(3) 6
(4) 9
Sol. Answer (3)

2. The value of 𝑓(3) − 𝑓(9) + 𝑓(15) − 𝑓(21) + 𝑓(27) − 𝑓(33) + 𝑓(39) − 𝑓(45) + 𝑓(51) −
𝑓(57)
(1) 0
(2) 𝑓(3)
(3) 5 + (3)
(4) −3𝑓(3)

Sol. Answer (1)

3. The value of 𝑓(𝑥 + 3) + 𝑓(𝑥) is

(1) 2
(2) 0
(3) 3
(4) 4

Sol. Answer (1)

𝑓(𝑥 + 3) = 1 + [1 − 3𝑓(𝑥) + 3𝑓(𝑥))2 − (𝑓(𝑥))3 ]1/3 , ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅

= 1 + (1 − 𝑓(𝑥)3×1/3
= 2 − 𝑓(𝑥)

Replacing 𝑥 by (𝑥 − 3)
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥 − 3) = 2
(1) −(2)
𝑓(𝑥 + 3) = 𝑓(𝑥 − 3)
⇒ Period is ' 6 '.
Now 𝑓(3) − 𝑓(9) + 𝑓(15) − 𝑓(21) + 𝑓(27) − 𝑓(33) + 𝑓(39) − 𝑓(45) + 𝑓(51) − 𝑓(57)

= 0 [ as 𝑓(3) = 𝑓(9), 𝑓(15) = 𝑓(21) … . ]

Also 𝑓(𝑥 + 3) + 𝑓(𝑥) = 2

Comprehension-VII
𝑥2
Let 𝑓: [−3,3] → 𝑅 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = [ 𝑎 ] tanax +sec 𝑎𝑥. then

1. If 𝑓(𝑥) is an even function, then

(1) 𝑎 > 3
(2) 𝑎 < 3
(3) 𝑎 > 9
(4) 𝑎 < 9

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Sol. Answer (3)

𝑥2
𝑓(𝑥) = [ ] tan 𝑎𝑥 + sec 𝑎𝑥
𝑎
𝑥2
𝑓(−𝑥) = − [ ] tan 𝑎𝑥 + sec 𝑎𝑥
𝑎
For even function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(−𝑥)
𝑥2
⇒ 2 [ ] tan 𝑎𝑥 = 0
𝑎
2
𝑥
⇒[ ]=0
𝑎
𝑥2
⇒ 0≤ <1
𝑎
⇒ 𝑎>9

2. If 𝑓(𝑥) is an odd function, then

(1) 𝑎 > 3
(2) 𝑎 < 3
(3) 𝑎 > 9
(4) 𝑓(𝑥) can't be an odd function for any real value of a

Sol. Answer (4)

For odd function 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑓(−𝑥)
𝑥2 𝑥2
[ ] tan 𝑎𝑥 + sec 𝑎𝑥 = − (− [ ] tan 𝑎𝑥 + sec 𝑎𝑥)
𝑎 𝑎
⇒ 2sec 𝑎𝑥 = 0
⇒ No real value of a exist

3. The fundamental period of 𝑓(𝑥) when 𝑎 = 10

(1) 𝜋
(2) 2𝜋
𝜋
(3) 10
𝜋
(4) 5

Sol. Answer (4)

For 𝑎 = 10
𝐹(𝑥) = sec 10𝑥
2𝜋 𝜋
Fundamental period of 𝑓(𝑥) = 10 = 5

Comprehension-VIII
A function 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) is said to be an explicit function of 𝑥 if the dependent variable 𝑦 can
be expressed in terms of independent variable 𝑥 and it is said to be an implicit function
of 𝑥 if 𝑦 cannot be expressed in terms of 𝑥 only
For example 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 and 𝑥𝑦 = tan(𝑥 + 𝑦) are explicit and implicit functions respectively.
Then express the implicit function into explicit functions.

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1. If 2008𝑥 + 2008𝑦 = 2008, then explicit function is

(1) 𝑦 = log 2008 (2008 − 2008𝑥 )
(2) 𝑦 = log(2008 − 2008𝑥 )
(3) 𝑦 = log 2008 (2008𝑥 − 2008)
(4) 𝑦 = log 2008 (2008 + 2008𝑥 )
Sol. Answer (1)
2008𝑥 + 2008𝑦 = 2008
2008𝑦 = 2008 − 2008𝑥
𝑦 = log 2008 (2008 − 2008𝑥 )

𝜋
2. If 𝑥 2 − sin−1 𝑦 = 2 , then explicit function is
(1) cos 𝑥 2
(2) sin 𝑥 2
(3) −cos 𝑥 2
(4) −sin 𝑥 2

Sol. Answer (3)

𝜋
sin−1 𝑦 = − + 𝑥 2
2
𝑦 = −cos 𝑥 2

3. If 𝑒 𝑦 − 𝑒 −𝑦 = 2𝑥, then
(1) 𝑦 = log 𝑒 (𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 1), 𝑥 ≥ 0
(2) log 𝑒 (𝑥 − √𝑥 2 + 1), 𝑥 ≥ 0
(3) −log 𝑒 (𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 1)
(4) −log 𝑒 (𝑥 − √𝑥 2 − 1)

Sol. Answer (1)

𝑒 𝑦 − 𝑒 −𝑦 = 2𝑥
𝑒 2𝑦 − 2𝑒 𝑦 𝑥 − 1 = 0
2𝑥 ± √4𝑥 2 + 4
𝑒𝑦 =
2
𝑒 = 𝑥 ± √𝑥 2 + 1 [ as 𝑒 𝑦 > 0 ∴ 𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 1]
𝑦

𝑦 = log (𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 1)

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Comprehension-IX
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓1 (𝑥) − 2𝑓2 (𝑥)
where 𝑓1 (𝑥) = min(𝑥 2 , |𝑥|) for − 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
= max(𝑥 2 , |𝑥|) for |𝑥| > 1
Let 𝑓2 (𝑥) = max(𝑥 2 , |𝑥|) for − 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ +1
= min(𝑥 2 , |𝑥|) for |𝑥| > 1
𝑔(𝑥) = min(𝑓(𝑡): −3 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 𝑥, −3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0)
= max(𝑓(𝑡): 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 𝑥, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3)

1. For −3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ −1, range of 𝑔(𝑥) is

(1) [−1,3]
(2) [−1, −15]
(3) [−1,9]
(4) {−1}
2. Number of critical points of 𝑓(𝑥) is
(1) 1
(2) 2
(3) 3
(4) 4
3. For 𝑥 ∈ (−1,0); 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥) is
(1) 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1
(2) 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1
(3) 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1
(4) 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 1

Solution of Comprehension-IX

min(𝑥 2 , |𝑥|) for − 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1

𝑓1 (𝑥) = {
max(𝑥 2 , |𝑥|) for |𝑥|1 > 1

Hence 𝑓1 (𝑥) = 𝑥 2

max(𝑥 2 , |𝑥|), −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ +1
𝑓2 (𝑥) = {
min(𝑥 2 , |𝑥|) if |𝑥| > 1
𝑓2 (𝑥) = |𝑥|

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Hence 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓1 (𝑥) − 2𝑓2 (𝑥)

= 𝑥 2 − 2|𝑥|
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥, 𝑥 ≤ 0
={ 2
𝑥 − 2𝑥, 𝑥 ≥ 0
min. 𝑓(𝑥); −3 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 𝑥, −3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0
𝑔(𝑥) = {
max. 𝑓(𝑥); 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 𝑥, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3
𝑓(𝑥) −3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ −1
𝑓(−1) −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0
𝑓(0) 0<𝑥≤2
𝑓(𝑥) 2<𝑥≤3
= 2
𝑥 + 2𝑥 ; −3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ −1
−1 ; −1 < 𝑥 ≤ 0
={
0 0<𝑥≤2
{ 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 ; 2<𝑥≤3

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1. Answer (1)
If −3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ −1, then
Range = [−1,3]
2. Answer (3)

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Critical point = 3
3. Answer (3)
𝑥 ∈ (−1,0), 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 2|𝑥| = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥
𝑥 ∈ (−1,0), 𝑔(𝑥) = −1
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1

Comprehension-X
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2 be a function defined from 𝑅 → 𝑅
𝑥, 𝑥 ≥ 0
and |𝑥| = { then answer the following
−𝑥 𝑥 ≤ 0

1. No. of solutions of the equation |𝑓|𝑥| ∣= 2

(1) 2
(2) 3
(3) 4
(4) 8
Sol. Answer (2)

Line 𝑦 = 2 cuts the graph at exactly ' 3 ' points.

2. Value of 𝑘 for which equation |𝑓|𝑥| ∣= 𝑘 has six solutions

1
(1)
2
1
(2) 4

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(3) Zero
1
(4) 8

Sol. Answer (2)

1
𝑦 = cuts the graph at six point.
4

3. Range of value of 𝑥 for which |𝑓(𝑥)| − 𝑓|𝑥| = 0 has no solution

(1) [1,2]
(2) [−2, −1] ∪ [1,2]
(3) (−2, −1) ∪ (1,2)
(4) (−∞, 0) ∪ (1,2)

Sol. Answer (4)

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|𝑓(𝑥)| = 𝑓|𝑥|

Graph coincides for all value of 𝑥. Exclusion (−∞, 0) ∪ (1,2), hence equation will have no
solution in this zone.

Comprehension-XI
Three students 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 applied for admission in three universities 𝑃, 𝑄, 𝑅 where eligibility
criteria is min 60%. Form processing software of university. 𝑃, 𝑄 and 𝑅 use three
functions [𝑥], (𝑥) and {𝑥} respectively for conversion of percentage to nearest integer.
Percentage marks of 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 are respectively 59.4,59.5,60.1. Hence due to rounding of

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all the three qualified for university 𝑃. Only ' 𝐶 ' qualified for university ' 𝑄 ' but 𝐵 and 𝐶
both qualified for university ' 𝑅 ' since software ' 𝑅 ' rounds of as per normal calculator.

1. Domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = √2{sin 𝑥} − 1, if 𝑛 ∈ 𝐼

𝜋 5𝜋
(1) [2𝑛𝜋 + 6 , 2𝑛𝜋 + 6
]
𝜋 5𝜋
(2) (2𝑛𝜋 + 6 , 2𝑛𝜋 + 6)
𝜋 5𝜋
(3) 𝑅 − [2𝑛𝜋 + 6 , 2𝑛𝜋 + 6
]
𝜋 5𝜋
(4) 𝑅 − (2𝑛𝜋 + 6 , 2𝑛𝜋 + 6)

2. Solution of equation {𝑥} = [𝑥] will lie in the interval. (I represent set of integer)
1
(1) [𝐼, 𝐼 + 2]
1
(2) (𝐼, 𝐼 + 2]
1
(3) [𝐼 − , 𝐼]
2
(4) 𝑅
3. Which of the following statement will be true for all real value of 𝑥 ?
(1) Solution of equation {𝑥} = 𝑥 will be all integers
(2) {𝑥} ≤ 𝑥, ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
(3) Both (1) & (2)
(4) [𝑥] < (𝑥), ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 − 𝒫

Solution of Comprehension-XI
Symbols [𝑥], (𝑥), {𝑥} do not have there usual meaning and have been redefined as follow.
[𝑥] → represent least integer function.
(𝑥) → represent greatest integer function
{𝑥} → represent round of function which will convert any number to next integer if
decimal part of it is 0.5 or more otherwise to previous integer.

1. Answer (1)
𝑓(𝑥) = √{sin 𝑥} − 1
⇒ {sin 𝑥} − 1 ≥ 0 ⇒
⇒ sin 𝑥} ≥ 1
𝜋 5𝜋
⇒ 𝑥 ∈ [2𝑛𝜋 + , 2𝑛𝜋 + ]
6 6

2. Answer (3)
1 1
𝑥 ∈ [𝐼 − , 𝐼 + ) → {𝑥} = 𝐼
If 2 2
𝑥 ∈ (𝐼 − 1, 𝐼] → [𝑥] = 𝐼

Taking intersection of intervals

1
𝑥 ∈ [𝐼 − ⋅ 𝐼]
2
3. Answer (1)
{𝑥} ∈ 𝐼, hence {𝑥} = 𝑥 only for 𝑥 ∈ 𝐼.

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Comprehension-XII
A five degree expression 𝑓(𝑥) satisfies the condition

1 1
𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓 ( ) = 𝑓(𝑥) ⋅ 𝑓 ( )
𝑥 𝑥

1. 𝑓(𝑥) =
(1) 𝑥 5
(2) 𝑥 −5
(3) 𝑥 5 ± 1
(4) 1 ± 𝑥 5
Sol. Answer (4)

1 1
𝑓(𝑥) ⋅ 𝑓 ( ) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓 ( )
𝑥 𝑥
1 1
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) (𝑓 ( ) − 1) = 𝑓 ( ) − 1 + 1
𝑥 𝑥
1
or (𝑓 (𝑥) − 1) (𝑓(𝑥) − 1) = 1
1
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) − 1 and 𝑓 (𝑥) − 1 are reciprocal of each other. It is possible when 𝑓(𝑥) − 1 = 𝑥 𝑛
or −𝑥 𝑛
1 1 1
So, that 𝑓 ( ) − 1 = 𝑛 or 𝑛
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
Hence, 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 + 𝑥 𝑛 or 1 − 𝑥 𝑛 , i.e., 1 ± 𝑥 𝑛 .
Here 𝑓(𝑥) is a five degree expression
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 ± 𝑥 5

2. If 𝑓(1) = 0, then 𝑓(2) =

(1) 30
(2) -31
(3) 0
(4) 2

Sol. Answer (2)

Given that 𝑓(1) = 0 = 1 − 15 = 1 − 𝑥 5
∴ 𝑓(2) = 1 − 25 = −31
3. 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(−𝑥) =
(1) A constant function
(2) An identity function
(3) An even function
(4) An odd function

Sol. Answer (1)

𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(−𝑥) ⇒ 2 = It is constant function.

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SECTION - D

Assertion-Reason Type Questions

1. STATEMENT-1 : The number of functions from 𝐴 = {1,2,3} to 𝐵 = {2008,2009} is
8.
and
STATEMENT-2 : The number of all possible functions from 𝐴 = {1,2,3} to 𝐵 =
{2008,2009} is 9 .
Sol. Answer (3)
The number of functions from 𝐴 = {1,2,3} to 𝐵 = (2008,2009} is |𝐵||𝐴| = 23 = 8
⇒ Statement-1 is true
Statement-2 is not true
2. STATEMENT-1 : The function 𝑓 defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 𝑥 satisfies the inequality
𝑓(𝑥1 ) < 𝑓(𝑥2 ) for 𝑥1 > 𝑥2 when 0 < 𝑎 < 1. and
STATEMENT-2 : The function 𝑓 defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 𝑥 satisfies the inequality 𝑓(𝑥1 ) <
𝑓(𝑥2 ) for 𝑥1 < 𝑥2 when 𝑎 > 1.
Sol. Answer (2)
From the graph of the two functions it is clear that both statements are true and
statement- 2 is not the correct explanation of statement-1

𝑥2
3. STATEMENT-1 : If function 𝑓: [−3,3] → 𝑅 be defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = [ 𝑎 ], then 𝑓(𝑥) =
0, ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐷𝑓 , iff 𝑎 ∈ (9, ∞). ([x]
denotes the greatest integer function)
and
STATEMENT-2 : [𝑥] = 0, ∀0 ≤ 𝑥 < 1.
Sol. Answer (1)
Clearly if 𝑎 ∈ (9, ∞)
𝑥2
0≤ <1
𝑎 2
𝑥
Hence [ 𝑎 ] = 0

4. If 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 + 2√𝑥 − 1 + √𝑥 − 2√𝑥 − 1; 𝑥 ≥ 1.

STATEMENT-1 : Then, 𝑓(𝑥) = 2, when 𝑥 ∈ [1,2]

and
𝑓(𝑥), 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 0
STATEMENT-2 : √(𝑓(𝑥))2 = { .
−𝑓(𝑥), 𝑓(𝑥) < 0
Sol. Answer (1)
𝑥−1≥0⇒𝑥 ≥1
And if 𝑥 ≥ 1 𝑥 + 2√𝑥 − 1 ≥ 1
𝑥 − 2√𝑥 − 1 ≥ 0
𝑥 2 ≥ 4(𝑥 − 1)
(𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4) ≥ 0
(𝑥 − 2)2 ≥ 0∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅

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Put √𝑥 − 1 = 𝑡; where 𝑡 ≥ 0
𝑓(𝑡) = √𝑡 2 + 2𝑡 + 1 + √𝑡 2 − 2𝑡 + 1 = √(𝑡 + 1)2 + √(𝑡 − 1)2
= |𝑡 + 1| + |𝑡 − 1| Now as 𝑡 ≥ 0
= 𝑡 + 1 + 1 − 𝑡 ⇒ |1 + 𝑡| = 1 + 𝑡
= 2As
1≤𝑥≤2
𝑡 ≤ 1 Hence |𝑡 − 1| = 1 − 𝑡

1
5. STATEMENT-1 : Domain of 𝑓(𝑥) = is 𝜙.
√[𝑥]−𝑥
and
STATEMENT-2 : [𝑥] ≤ 𝑥 ∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ.
Sol. Answer (1)
[𝑥] − 𝑥 > 0
⇒ 𝑥 ∈ 𝜙 as [𝑥] ≤ 𝑥∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅

6. STATEMENT-1 : If two sets 𝐴 and 𝐵 are having 99 elements in common, then the
number of elements common to each of the sets (𝐴 × 𝐵) and (𝐵 × 𝐴) are 99 + 99 = 198.
and
STATEMENT-2 : If number of common elements in set 𝐴 and 𝐵 are a, the number of
element common in (𝐴 × 𝐵) and (𝐵 × 𝐴) are 𝑎2 .
Sol. Answer (4)
If 𝐴 and 𝐵 has a elements in common. The number of common elements in (𝐴 × 𝐵) and
(𝐵 × 𝐴) are 2 so answer is (99)2 so statement 1 is false.

𝜋 3𝜋
7. STATEMENT-1 : 𝑓: [−1,1] → [ , ] 𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1 𝑥 then sin−1 𝑥1 > sin−1 𝑥2 ∀𝑥1 > 𝑥2 .
2 2
and
STATEMENT-2 : For principle values sin−1 𝑥 is an increasing function.
Sol. Answer (4)
Statement 1:
From graph clearly if 𝑥1 > 𝑥2 ⇒ sin−1 𝑥1 < sin−1 𝑥2
Statement 2: For principle value
Clearly sin−1 𝑥 is increasing

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Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.

8. STATEMENT-1 : 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 7 + 𝑥 6 − 𝑥 5 + 3 is an onto function.

and

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STATEMENT-2 : 𝑓(𝑥) is a continuous function.

Sol. Answer (2)
Statement 1 : Range of 𝑓(𝑥) is 𝑅.
Statement 2: 𝑓(𝑥) is polynomial function of degree 7 hence it is continuous, but it is not
necessary that continuous function is onto hence

Statement 1 is true statement 2 is true but statement 2 is not correct explanation.

9. STATEMENT-1 : If 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) are one-one functions then 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) and 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) is
also a one-one function.
and
STATEMENT-2 : The composite function of two one-one function may or may not be
one-one.
Sol. Answer (3)
𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) are one-one functions
Thus 𝑓[𝑔(𝑥1 )] = 𝑓[𝑔(𝑥2 )]
⇒ 𝑔(𝑥1 ) = 𝑔(𝑥2 ) as 𝑓 is one-one
⇒ 𝑥1 = 𝑥2 i.e, 𝑔 is one-one
⇒ 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥) is also one-one
Now 𝑔[𝑓(𝑥1 )] = 𝑔[𝑓(𝑥2 )]
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥1 ) = 𝑓(𝑥2 )
⇒ 𝑥1 = 𝑥2 , ∀𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ,
Hence fog and gof are one-one functions
⇒ Statement 1 is true.
Statement 2 is false as composite function of two one-one function is one-one.

10. Assuming 𝑓(𝑥) is an invertible function.

STATEMENT-1 : 𝑓(𝑥) is a one-one function ⇔ 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) is a one-one function.

and
STATEMENT-2 : 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) is the reflection of the function 𝑓(𝑥) with respect to 𝑦 = 𝑥.
Sol. Answer (1)
𝑓(𝑥) is one-one then 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) is also one-one.
Statement 1 is true.
𝑓 −1 (𝑥) is the reflection of the function 𝑓(𝑥) with respect to 𝑦 = 𝑥.
Hence Statement 1 is true statement 2 is true and statement 2 is a correct explanation of
statement 1.

11. STATEMENT-1 : Let 𝑓: [1, ∞) → [1, ∞) be a function such that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑥 then the
function is an invertible function.
and
STATEMENT-2 : The bijective functions are always invertible.
Sol. Answer (1)
Statement 1: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑥

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𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑥 [1 + ln 𝑥]
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) > 0 hence 𝑓(𝑥) is one-one.
Range of 𝑓(𝑥) = [1, ∞)
Hence 𝑓(𝑥) is onto.
i.e., 𝑓(𝑥) is invertible.

Statement 2 is true and statement 2 is a correct explanation of statement 1.

12. STATEMENT-1 : 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 = 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓 ⇒ (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥) = (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 𝑥.

and
STATEMENT-2 : 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 = 𝑔 of ⇒ either 𝑓 −1 = 𝑔 or 𝑔−1 = 𝑓.
Sol. Answer (1)
Statement 1: Let 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 and 𝑔: 𝐵 → 𝐴
gof = 𝐼𝐴 and 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 = 𝐼𝐵
If 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓 = 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔
⇒𝐴=𝐵
Hence 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥
Statement 1 is true.
Statement 2 :
Let 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 and 𝑔: 𝐵 → 𝐴
gof = 𝐼𝐴 and 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 = 𝐼𝐵
Then 𝑓 and 𝑔 are bijection 𝑔 = 𝑓 −1 or 𝑓 = 𝑔−1
Statement 2 is true and is a correct explanation of statement 1.

13. STATEMENT-1 : 𝑓(𝑥) = [{𝑥}] is a periodic function with no fundamental period.

and
STATEMENT-2 : 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) is periodic if 𝑔(𝑥) is periodic.
Sol. Answer (2)
If 𝑔(𝑥) is periodic then 𝑔(𝑥 + 𝑇) = 𝑔(𝑥)
Also 𝑓[𝑔(𝑥 + 𝑇)] = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)] hence 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) is periodic.
𝑓(𝑥) = [{𝑥}] = 0 is a constant function, hence periodic but its fundamental period cannot
be defined.

14. STATEMENT-1 : 𝑓(𝑥) = log10 (log1/𝑥 𝑥) will not be defined for any value of 𝑥.
and
STATEMENT-2 : log1/𝑥 𝑥 = −1, ∀𝑥 > 0, 𝑥 ≠ 1
Sol. Answer (1)
Statement-2 is true since log1/𝑥 𝑥 = −1 for 𝑥 > 0, 𝑥 ≠ 1 hence log10 (log1/𝑥 𝑥) will not be
defined for any value of 𝑥.

15. STATEMENT-1 : 𝑦 = log 𝑒 [𝑥 1001 − 𝑥 101 + 𝑥 − 1] is an onto function in 𝑅 → 𝑅.

and
STATEMENT-2 : If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 +is an onto function then 𝑦 = log(𝑓(𝑥)) will also be an onto
function in 𝑅 → 𝑅.
Sol. Answer (4)
Since 𝑓(𝑥) is an onto function in 𝑅 → 𝑅 +, hence range of 𝑓(𝑥) is 𝑅 +whereas log(𝑓(𝑥))

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need only 𝑓(𝑥) > 0 to show its complete range ' 𝑅 ' hence range of log(𝑓(𝑥)) will be ' 𝑅 '
hence onto.

Statement-1 is false since domain of given function is not 𝑅.

16. STATEMENT-1 : 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 log(|𝑥| + 1) is an into function.

and
STATEMENT-2 : 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 log(|𝑥| + 1) is a continuous even function.
Sol. Answer (1)
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 log(|𝑥| + 1)
𝑓(−𝑥) = (−𝑥)2 log(| − 𝑥| + 1) = 𝑓(𝑥) hence even domain of 𝑓(𝑥) is ' 𝑅 ' and it is
continuous function.
Hence statement-2 is true.
∵ Range of any even continuous function cannot be ' 𝑅 ' hence any even continuous
function cannot be onto in co-domain 𝑅.

17. STATEMENT-1 : 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 1 is many one into in 𝑅 → 𝑅.

and
STATEMENT-2 : If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 is a polynomial of even degree it will neither be injective nor
surjective.
Sol. Answer (1)
Statement-1: 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 + 1, may be positive as well as negative, hence 𝑓(𝑥) is
many one Statement-2 is clearly true

18. STATEMENT-1: 𝑓(𝑥) = tan 3𝑥 + {2𝑥}, where {𝑥} is fractional part of 𝑥, 𝑓(𝑥) is a
periodic function.
and
STATEMENT-2 : LCM of a rational and irrational number is not possible.
Sol. Answer (4)
Statement-1 is false but Statement-2 is correct.

19. STATEMENT-1 : 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑓 −1 = 𝑔 or 𝑔−1 = 𝑓.

and
STATEMENT-2 : 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 ≠ 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓.
Sol. Answer (2)
Statement-1 and Statement-2 both correct but Statement-2 is not a correct explanation
of Statement-1.

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SECTION - E

Matrix-Match Type Questions

1. Match the following functions satisfying particular functional relationship.

Column-I
(A) 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑦)
(B) 𝑓(𝑥𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑦)
(C) 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥) ⋅ 𝑓(𝑦)
𝑓(𝑥)
(D) 𝑓(𝑥 − 𝑦) =
𝑓(𝑦)

Column-II
(p) (2011)𝑥
(q) 2011x
(r) log 2011 𝑥
𝑥
(s) 2011

Sol. Answer A(q, s), B(r), C(p), D(p)

(A) Clearly 𝑓(𝑥) is a linear function in 𝑥
(B) 𝑓(𝑥) is a logarithmic function
(C) 𝑓(𝑥) is an exponential function
(D) 𝑓(𝑥) is an exponential function

2. Let 𝑓(𝑥), 𝑔(𝑥) and ℎ(𝑥) be three real valued invertible functions, ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, then match
the following

Column-I
(A) 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)),
(B) 𝑓(𝑔(ℎ(𝑥))
(C) 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥) + ℎ(𝑥)
𝑓(𝑥)⋅𝑔(𝑥)
(D) ℎ(𝑥) , (ℎ(𝑥) ≠ 0)

Column-II
(p) Always one-one
(q) Always onto
(r) May not be one-one
(s) May not be onto

Sol. Answer 𝐴(𝑝, 𝑞), 𝐵(𝑝, 𝑞), 𝐶(𝑟, 𝑠), 𝐷(𝑟, 𝑠)

(A) As 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) are one-one onto.
∴ 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) is one-one onto
(B) 𝑓𝑔(ℎ(𝑥)) is also one-one onto.

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(C) 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥) + ℎ(𝑥) may not be one-one

𝑓(𝑥)⋅𝑔(𝑥)
(D) ℎ(𝑥) may not be one-one onto.

3. Let 𝐴 = {1,2,3,4} and 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐴, then match the following

Column-I
(A) The number of functions from
𝐴 to 𝐴 which are one-one
(B) The number of possible functions from 𝐴 to 𝐴
(C) The number of onto functions from 𝐴 to 𝐴
(D) The number of all one-one onto functions
such that 𝑓(1) = 1, 𝑓(2) ≠ 2, 𝑓(4) ≠ 4
(E) The number of all one-one functions such that
𝑓(1) ≠ 1, 𝑓(2) ≠ 2, 𝑓(3) ≠ 3, 𝑓(4) ≠ 4

Column-II
(p) 3
(q) 9
(r) 256
(s) 24

Sol. Answer A(s), B(r), C(s), D(p), E(q)

(A) No. of one-one functions = 4! = 24
(B) The number of possible functions from 𝐴 to 𝐴 = 4 × 4 × 4 × 4 = 256
(C) The number of onto functions = 4! = 24
(D) Case (i), 𝑓(2) ≠ 2, 𝑓(4) ≠ 4, 𝑓(𝑛) ≠ 𝑛

Number of such functions

1 1 1
= 3! (1 − + − )
1! 2! 3!
=3−1=2
Case (ii), 𝑓(3) = 3, 𝑓(2) ≠ 2, 𝑓(4) ≠ 4
No. of such functions = 1
Total no. of such functions = 3.
(E) No. of such one-one functions
1 1 1 1
= 4! (1 − + − + )
1! 2! 3! 4!
= 12 − 4 + 1 = 9

4. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = −1 + |𝑥 − 1|, −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 2 − |𝑥 + 1|; −2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2

The composite functions gof and (fog) are defined as (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) and (𝑓 ∘
𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) respectively, then match the following.

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Column-I
(A) (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(0) equals
(B) (fog) (0) equals
(C) (gof) (3) equals
(D) (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(−1) equals

Column-II
(p) 1
(q) -1
(r) 0
(s) 3

Sol. Answer A(p), B(q), C(r), D(r)

𝑓(𝑥) = −1 + |𝑥 − 1|, −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3
−𝑥, −1 ≤ 𝑥 < 1
={
𝑥 − 2, 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3
𝑔(𝑥) = 2 − |𝑥 + 1|; −2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
3 + 𝑥, −2 ≤ 𝑥 < −1
={
1 − 𝑥, −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2

Now 𝑓(0) = 0, 𝑔(0) = 1, 𝑓(3) = 1, 𝑔(−1) = 2

𝑔 ∘ 𝑓(0) = 𝑔(0) = 1
𝑓 ∘ 𝑔(0) = 𝑓(1) = 1 − 2 = −1
𝑔 ∘ 𝑓(3) = 𝑔(1) = 1 − 1 = 0
𝑓 ∘ 𝑔(−1) = 𝑓(2) = 0

1−𝑥
5. Let us consider a real valued function 𝑓 defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = , 𝑥 ≠ −1. Then match the
1+𝑥
following.

Column-I

1 1
(A) 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓 (𝑥) ; 𝑥 ≠ 0 equals (C) 𝑓(𝑓(𝑥)) + 𝑓 (𝑓 (𝑥)) when 𝑥 > 0 or 𝑥 < 0 may be

1 1
(B) 𝑓(𝑓(𝑥)); 𝑥 ≠ 0 equals (D) 𝑓(𝑓(𝑓(𝑓(… 𝑓(𝑥))))) … ; 𝑥 ≠ 02008 times equals
𝑥 𝑥

Column-II

(p) 1

(q) 0

(r) 2

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(s) -2

Sol. Answer A(q), B(p), C(r), D(p)

1−𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = , 𝑥 ≠ −1
1+𝑥
1 1−𝑥 𝑥−1
(A) 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓 (𝑥) = 1+𝑥 + 𝑥+1 = 0
1−𝑥
1 1 1− 1 1+𝑥−1+𝑥 2𝑥
(B) 𝑓(𝑓(𝑥)) = × 1+𝑥
1−𝑥 = = =1
𝑥 𝑥 1+ 𝑥 1+𝑥+1−𝑥 2𝑥
1+𝑥
𝑥−1
1 𝑥−1 1− 1 1 1
(C) 𝑓(𝑓(𝑥)) + 𝑓 (𝑓 (𝑥)) = 𝑥 + 𝑓 (𝑥+1) = 𝑥 + 𝑥+1
𝑥−1 = 𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑥 + 𝑥 ≥ 2 for 𝑥 > 0 or 𝑥 + 𝑥 ≤
1+
𝑥+1
−2 for 𝑥 < 0
1
(D) 𝑓(𝑓(𝑓(𝑓 … 𝑓(𝑥)))) … = 1
𝑥

1
As 𝑓(𝑓(𝑥)) = 1𝑓
𝑥
6. Match the following

Column-I
𝑥3 𝑥5
(A) 𝑦 = 𝑥 − +
6 120
𝑥
(B) 𝑦 =
𝑎 𝑥 −1
𝑎 𝑥 −1
(C) 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑎𝑥 +1
𝑎 𝑥 +1
(D) 𝑦 = 𝑥
𝑎 −1

Column-II
(p) Even function
(q) Odd function
1
(r) lim𝑥→0 𝑓(𝑥) = ln 𝑎
(s) Neither even nor odd

Sol. Answer 𝐴(𝑞), 𝐵(𝑟, 𝑠), 𝐶(𝑝), 𝐷(𝑞)

𝑥3 𝑥5
(A) 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 6
+ 120

𝑥3 𝑥5
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − +
6 120

𝑥3 𝑥5 𝑥3 𝑥5
𝑓(−𝑥) = −𝑥 + − = − (𝑥 − + ) = −𝑓(𝑥)
6 120 6 120

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which is an odd function

𝑥
(B) 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 −1
𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥
𝑎 −1
−𝑥 −𝑥 −𝑥
𝑓(−𝑥) = −𝑥 = 1 ⇒ 𝑥
(𝑎 𝑥 )
𝑎 −1 1 − 𝑎
𝑎𝑥 − 1
which is neither even nor odd
𝑥 1
𝑓(0) = lim𝑥→0 𝑥 =
𝑎 − 1 ln 𝑎
𝑎 𝑥 −1
(C) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑎𝑥 +1

1
𝑎 𝑥 −1 1 − 𝑎𝑥
𝑓(−𝑥) = (−𝑥) = (−𝑥)
1 1 + 𝑎𝑥
+1
𝑎𝑥
(𝑎 𝑥 − 1)
𝑓(−𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑎 +1

which is an even function.

𝑎 𝑥 +1
(D) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 −1

𝑎−𝑥 + 1 1 + 𝑎 𝑥 𝑎𝑥 + 1
𝑓(−𝑥) = = = − ( )
𝑎−𝑥 − 1 1 − 𝑎 𝑥 𝑎𝑥 − 1

𝑓(−𝑥) = −𝑓(𝑥) ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) is an odd function

7. The period of the function

Column-I
3
(A) sin 2𝜃 − √3cos 2𝜃 (B) cosec 2 4 𝑥 + cot 𝑥

𝜋𝑡 𝜋𝑡
(C) 2sin 3𝑥 + 3sin 2𝑥 (D) sin 3
+ sin 4

Column-II
(p) 4𝜋
(q) 𝜋
(r) 24
(s) 2𝜋

Sol. Answer 𝐴(𝑞), 𝐵(𝑝), 𝐶(𝑠), 𝐷(𝑟)

(A) 𝑓(𝜃) = sin 2𝜃 − √3cos 2𝜃

Period of sin 2𝜃 = 𝜋
Period of cos 2𝜃 = 𝜋

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Hence required period LCM. (𝜋, 𝜋) = 𝜋

3
(B) 𝑓(𝑥) = cosec 2 4 𝑥 + cot 𝑥

3 4𝜋
Period of cosec 2 4 𝑥 = 3
And period of cot 𝑥 = 𝜋
4𝜋
Required period LCM ( 3 , 𝜋) = 4𝜋
(C) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2sin 3𝑥 + 3sin 2𝑥
2𝜋
Period of sin 3𝑥 = 3
2𝜋
Period of sin 2𝑥 = 2

2𝜋
Required period LCM ( 3 , 𝜋) = 2𝜋
𝜋𝑡 𝜋𝑡
(D) sin 3
+ sin 4

𝜋𝑡 2𝜋
Period of (sin ) = ×3=6
3 𝜋

𝜋𝑡 2𝜋
Period of (sin 4 ) = 𝜋 × 4 = 8
Required period LCM = (6,8) = 24

8. Match the following with their fundamental periods (where [.] denotes greatest
integer function and {.}𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑠 fractional part function)

Column-I
(A) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 cos{𝑥} + sin 𝜋[𝑥]
(B) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin4 𝜋𝑥 + cos3 𝜋𝑥 + tan2 𝜋𝑥 + sin2 𝜋𝑥
𝜋
(C) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 sin{𝑥} + sin ( 2 [𝑥])
(D) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥−[𝑥] + cos 2𝜋𝑥

Column-II
(p) 2
(d) 4
(r) 24
(s) 1

Sol. Answer A(s), B(p), C(q), D(s)

(A) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 cos{𝑥} + 0(sin 𝜋[𝑥] = 0)

Fundamental period is 1
(B) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin4 𝜋𝑥 + cos3 𝜋𝑥 + tan2 𝜋𝑥 + sin2 𝜋𝑥

Fundamental period of sin4 𝜋𝑥 = 1

Fundamental period of cos3 𝜋𝑥 = 2

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Fundamental period of tan2 𝜋𝑥 = 1

Fundamental period of sin2 𝜋𝑥 = 1
∴ L.C.M. of 1,2,1,1 is 2 .
𝜋
(C) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 sin{𝑥} + sin ( 2 [𝑥])
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 sin{𝑥⟩ if (𝑥) is even.
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 sin{𝑥} ± 1 if (𝑥) is odd
∴ Fundamental period is 1 .
(D) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥−[𝑥] + cos 2𝜋𝑥

= 𝑒 {𝑥} + cos 2𝜋𝑥

Fundamental period of 𝑒 {𝑥} is 1

Fundamental period of cos 2𝜋𝑥 is 1
∴ Fundamental period of 𝑓(𝑥) is 1

9. Match the following

Column-I
(A) If function 𝑓(𝑥) is defined in [−3,3], then domain of 𝑓([𝑥 + 1]) is where [.] represents
greatest integer function
(sin−1 𝑥+cos−1 𝑥+tan−1 𝑥)
(B) Range of function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝜋
(C) Range of function 3|sin 𝑥| − 4|cos 𝑥| is
(D) Range of 𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1 𝑥 ⋅ sin 𝑥

Column-II
1 3
(p) [ , ]
4 4
(q) [−4,3]
(r) [−4,3)
𝜋
(s) [0, sin 1]
2

Sol. Answer 𝐴(𝑟), 𝐵(𝑝), 𝐶(𝑞), 𝐷(𝑠)

(A) Domain of 𝑓(𝑥) is [−3,3]

For 𝑓([𝑥] + 1) to be defined −3 ≤ [𝑥 + 1] ≤ 3

⇒ −4 ≤ [𝑥] ≤ 2
⇒ 𝑥 ∈ [−4,3)

sin−1 𝑥+cos−1 𝑥+tan−1 𝑥

(B) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝜋

Domain of 𝑓(𝑥) is [−1, +1]

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𝜋
+ tan−1 𝑥 1 1
𝑓(𝑥) = 2 = + tan−1 𝑥
𝜋 2 𝜋
∵ −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
𝜋 𝜋
∴ − ≤ tan−1 𝑥 ≤
4 4

1 tan−1 𝑥 1
⇒− ≤ ≤
4 −1
𝜋 4
1 1 tan 𝑥 3 1 3
4
≤ 2 + 𝜋 ≤ 4 hence range of 𝑓(𝑥) is [4 , 4]
(C) ∵ 0 ≤ |sin 𝑥| ≤ 1,0 ≤ |cos 𝑥| ≤ 1
∴ 0 ≤ 3|sin 𝑥| ≤ 3,0 ≤ 4|cos 𝑥| ≤ 4
⇒ 0 ≥ −4|cos 𝑥| ≥ −4
∴ 0 + (−4) ≤ 3(sin 𝑥)𝜙 − 4|cos 𝑥| ≤ 3 + 0
−4 ≤ 3|sin 𝑥| − 4|cos 𝑥| ≤ 3
Hence range of function is [−4,3]
(D) ∵ 𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1 𝑥 ⋅ sin 𝑥
∵ 𝑓(−𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) hence function is even.
∵ 𝑥 ∈ [0,1]
𝜋
0 ≤ sin−1 𝑥 ≤ and 0 ≤ sin 𝑥 ≤ sin 1
2
∵ Product of two increasing function will be increasing if both are increasing and
positive.
𝜋
Hence 𝑓(𝑥) will be increasing in [0,1). Hence range [0, 2 sin 1]

10. Match the following

Column-I
2
(A) Number of solution of 2[𝑥] = 𝑥 + 2{𝑥} (B) Number of solution of {𝑥} = 𝑒 𝑥

(C) Number of solution of sin−1 𝑥 = Sgn(𝑥) (D) Fundamental period of function 𝑓(𝑥) =
2
{3 𝑥} + sin 6𝜋𝑥

Column-II
(p) 0
(q) 3
(r) 1
(s) Not defined where {.}𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
Sol. Answer A(q), B(p), C(p), D(q)
(A) 2[𝑥] = 𝑥 + 2{𝑥}
2[𝑥] = 𝑥 + 2[𝑥 − [𝑥]]
4[𝑥] = 3𝑥
3
[𝑥] = 𝑥
4
4 8
Hence three solution 𝑥 = 0, 3 , 3

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(B) ∵ 0 ≤ 𝑥 2 and 0 < {𝑥} < 1

2
∴ 𝑒0 ≤ 𝑒 𝑥
2
1 ≤ 𝑒𝑥
2
Hence equation {𝑥} = 𝑒 𝑥 will have zero solution.
(C) See graph

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No. of solution are ' 3 '

2
(D) 𝑓(𝑥) = {3 𝑥} + sin 6𝜋𝑥

2 1 3
Fundamental period of {3 𝑥} → 2 ⇒2
3
2𝜋 1
Fundamental period of sin 6𝜋𝑥 → ⇒
6𝜋 3
3 1
Fundamental period of 𝑓(𝑥) = LCM of (2 , 3) =3

11. Match the following

Column-I

(A) Continuous domain of 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 𝑥 + √𝑥 𝑥 + √𝑥 𝑥

(B) Range of 𝑓(𝑥) = √2 − [sin 𝑥] − [sin 𝑥]2
𝜋
(C) Solution of the equation 1 + sin 2 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − √2𝑥 + 1
√
(D) Domain of 𝑓(𝑥) = √log {𝑥} [𝑥]

Column-II
(p) 𝑅 +
(q) {0, √2}
(r) (1,2)
(s) 𝑅

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Sol. Answer 𝐴(𝑝), 𝐵(𝑞), 𝐶(𝑞), 𝐷(𝑟)

(A) 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 𝑥 + √𝑥 𝑥 + √𝑥 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 is defined for 𝑥 > 0 and 𝐼 - and some other negative value of 𝑥. But continuous
domain will be only 𝑅 +
(B) 𝑓(𝑥) = √2 − [sin 𝑥] − [sin 𝑥]2
∵ −1 ≤ sin 𝑥 ≤ +1
[sin 𝑥] = {−1,0, +1}
Hence range = {√2, 0}
𝜋
(C) 1 + sin 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − √2𝑥 + 1
√2
𝜋
sin 𝑥 = 𝑥(𝑥 − √2)
√2
By observation at 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = √2
(D) 𝑓(𝑥) = √log {𝑥} [𝑥]

For log {𝑥} [𝑥] to be defined [𝑥] > 0 0 < {𝑥} < 1 {𝑥} ≠ 1

⇒ [𝑥] ≥ 1 𝑥 ∉ 1 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅

Also log {𝑥} [𝑥] ≥ 0 ⇒ [𝑥] ≤ 1

(ii)

From (i) and (ii)

[𝑥] = 1 ⇒ 1 ≤ 𝑥 < 2 𝑥 ∉ 1
Hence 𝑥 ∈ (1,2)

𝜋𝑥 |𝑥|
12. Let us consider two functions 𝑓(𝑥) = ln(2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 ) + sin 2 and 𝑔(𝑥) = log [𝑥−1] 𝑥
,
where [.] denotes G.I.F. Match the items of Column I with those of Column II

Column I
(A) Graph of 𝑓 is symmetrical about the line
(B) Maximum value of 𝑓 occurs at
(C) Domain of 𝑔 is not equal to
(D) Range of 𝑔 is not equal to

Column II
(p) 𝑥 = 1
(q) 𝑥 = 2
(r) [3, ∞)
(s) {0}
(t) {0,1}

Sol. Answer 𝐴(𝑝), 𝐵(𝑝), 𝐶(𝑝, 𝑞, 𝑠, 𝑡), 𝐷(𝑝, 𝑞, 𝑟, 𝑡)

𝑓(1 + 𝛼) = 𝑓(1 − 𝛼), ∀𝛼 ∈ (0,1)
Domain of 𝑓 is (0,2)

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𝜋𝑥
Maxima of ln(2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 ) as well as that of sin ( 2 ) occurs at 𝑥 = 1
𝑔(𝑥) = log [𝑥−1] sgn(𝑥)
Domain (𝑔) = [3, ∞)
Range ( 𝑔 ) = {0}

13. Match the following

Column I
(A) sin(𝜋[𝑥]), where [.] is G.I.F.
(B) sin{𝜋(𝑥 − [𝑥])}, where [.] is G.I.F.
𝜋 𝜋
(C) tan 𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ (− 2 , 2 )
(D) 1 + 𝑥 2009

Column II
(p) Differentiable everywhere
(q) Nowhere differentiable
(r) Not differentiable at 1 and -1
(s) One-one
( t) Both one-one and onto

Sol. Answer 𝐴(𝑝), 𝐵(𝑟), 𝐶(𝑝, 𝑠, 𝑡), 𝐷(𝑝, 𝑠, 𝑡)

(A) ∵ [𝑥] ∈ 𝐼∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, therefore sin(𝜋[𝑥]) = 0∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
(B) Again 𝑓(𝑥) = sin{𝜋(𝑥 − [𝑥])] = sin(𝜋{𝑥})

Which is not differentiable at 𝑥 ∈ 𝐼

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
(C) 𝑦 = tan 𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ (− 2 , 2 ) is differentiable everywhere in (− 2 , 2 ) and from the graph of
𝑦 = tan 𝑥, it is clear that tan 𝑥 is one-one & onto
(D) 𝑦 = 1 + 𝑥 2009 is a polynomial, so differentiable everywhere as well as one-one &
onto.

14. Match the following

Column-I
(A) Let 𝐴 and 𝐵 be two finite sets having 8 and 2
elements respectively. Then total number of
mappings from 𝐴 to 𝐵 is
(B) The total number of injective mappings from a
set with 2 elements to a set with 8 elements,
is not equal to
(C) Let 𝐴 be a set containing 4 distinct elements
then the total number of distinct functions
from 𝐴 to 𝐴 is not equal to
(D) Let 𝐴 and 𝐵 be two sets containing 8 and 2
elements respectively then the total number of

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surjective mapping from 𝐴 to 𝐵 is

Column-II
(p) 56
(q) 254
(r) 28
(s) 82
(t) 512

Sol. Answer 𝐴(𝑟), 𝐵(𝑞, 𝑟, 𝑠, 𝑡), 𝐶(𝑝, 𝑞, 𝑠, 𝑡), 𝐷(𝑞)

(A) The number of mapping is 2 × 2 × 2 × … … 8 times = 28
8!
(B) The required number of injective mappings = = 56
(8−2)!
(C) The total number of distinct functions from 𝐴 to 𝐴 is 44 = 256
(D) The number of surjective mappings are 28 − 2 = 254

15. Let 𝑓1 : ℝ → ℝ, 𝑓2 : [0, ∞) → ℝ, 𝑓3 : ℝ → ℝ and 𝑓4 : ℝ → [0, ∞) be defined by

|𝑥| if 𝑥 < 0,
𝑓1 (𝑥) = { 𝑥
𝑒 if 𝑥 ≥ 0;
2
𝑓2 (𝑥) = 𝑥 ;
sin 𝑥 if 𝑥 < 0,
𝑓3 (𝑥) = {
𝑥 if 𝑥 ≥ 0

𝑓2 (𝑓1 (𝑥)) if 𝑥 < 0,

and 𝑓4 (𝑥) = {
𝑓2 (𝑓1 (𝑥)) − 1 if 𝑥 ≥ 0.

Column-I
(A) 𝑓4 is
(B) 𝑓3 is
(C) 𝑓2 ∘ 𝑓1 is
(D) 𝑓2 is

(1) B C D

(2) 𝑝 𝑝 𝑠 𝑞

(3) 𝑟 𝑝 𝑞 𝑞

(4) 𝑝 𝑟 𝑞 𝑠

Sol. Answer 𝐴(𝑝), 𝐵(𝑟), 𝐶(𝑞), 𝐷(𝑠)

𝑓 [𝑓 (𝑥)], 𝑥<0
(A) 𝑓4 (𝑥) = { 2 1
[𝑓
𝑓2 1 (𝑥)] − 1, 𝑥 ≥ 0

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𝑥2, 𝑥<0
Onto but not one-one = { 2𝑥
𝑒 − 1, 𝑥 ≥ 0
Now 𝑓(𝑥) is not differentiable at 𝑥 = 0, not one-one but continuous.
(A) → p
sin 𝑥, 𝑥 < 0
(B) Now, 𝑓3 = {
𝑥, 𝑥≥0

Differentiable but not one-one.

(B) → 𝑟
𝑥2, 𝑥 < 0
(C) 𝑓2 ∘ 𝑓1 = {
𝑒 2𝑥 , 𝑥 ≥ 0
(C) → q
(D) 𝑓2 : [0, ∞] → 𝑅, 𝑓2 (𝑥) = 𝑥 2
(D) → 𝑠

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SECTION - F

Integer Answer Type Questions

1. The length of the interval in which the function 𝑓 defined as 𝑓(𝑥) =

1
log 2 {−log1/2 (1 + 6 ) − 1} is (0, 𝑘), then the value of 𝑘 -
√𝑥

Sol. Answer (1)

In order that the given function is well defined

1
−log 1 (1 + 6 ) − 1 > 0 and 𝑥 > 0
2 √𝑥
1
⇒ log1/2 (1 + 6 ) < −1
√𝑥
1 1 −1
⇒ 1+ >( )
√𝑥 2
1
⇒ 6 >1
√𝑥
1
⇒ >1⇒𝑥<1
𝑥

Thus required interval = (0,1) whose length = 1

−4
2. Value of 5
𝑓(2,3) if 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦, 𝑥 − 𝑦) = 𝑥𝑦, is

Sol. Answer (1)

Put 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2, 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3
5 −1
⇒ 𝑥 = ,𝑦 =
2 2
4 −4 5 −1
∴ − 𝑓(2,3) = × × =1
5 5 2 2

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3. Number of integral values of 𝑥 in the domain of 𝑓(𝑥) = √−[𝑥]2 + 3[𝑥] − 2 is .

Sol. Answer (2)

−[𝑥]2 + 3[𝑥] − 2 ≥ 0
[𝑥]2 − 3[𝑥] + 2 ≤ 0
⇒ 1 ≤ [𝑥] ≤ 2
1≤𝑥≤3

Integral 𝑥 = 1,2
Number of integral values of 𝑥 is 2

4. Sum of all the values of 𝑥 satisfying maximum {𝑒 𝑥 , 𝑒 −𝑥 } = 4 is .

Sol. Answer (0)

Clearly, 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 = 0 (from symmetry)

1
5. 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 − 1| + |𝑥 − 2|; 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 𝑥 , 𝑥 > 0 if 𝑚1 = min(𝑓(𝑥)) and 𝑚2 = min(𝑔(𝑥)),
𝑚 +𝑚
then 𝑚1 −𝑚2 is equal to
2 1
-

Sol. Answer (3)

𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 − 1| + |𝑥 − 2|

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Min𝑓(𝑥) = 1 ⇒ 𝑚1 = 1
1
𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + ; 𝑥 > 0
2
Min𝑔(𝑥) = 2 ⇒ 𝑚2 = 2
𝑚1 + 𝑚2
⇒ =3
𝑚2 − 𝑚1

6. Let 𝑌 = {1,2,3,4,5}, 𝐴 = {1,2}, 𝐵 = {3,4,5}. If (𝐴 × 𝐵) denotes Cartesian product of the

set 𝐴 and 𝐵, then number of elements in (𝑌 × 𝐴) ∩ (𝑌 × 𝐵) is .
Sol. Answer (0)
𝐴 = {1,2}, 𝐵 = {3,4,5}, 𝑌 = {1,2,3,4,5}
(𝑌 × 𝐴) = {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5)}
(𝑌 × 𝐵) = {(1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), … . . (5,4), (5,5)}
(𝑌 × 𝐴) ∩ (𝑌 × 𝐵) = 𝜙 so no element into this set.

𝜋
7. The number of possible values of 𝑘 if fundamental period of sin−1 (sin 𝑘𝑥) is 2 , is

Sol. Answer (2)

2𝜋 𝜋
Fundamental period of sin−1 (sin 𝑘𝑥) is =
|𝑘| 2
i.e. |𝑘| = 4 i.e. 𝑘 = ±4

8. Number of elements in the domain of 𝑓(𝑥) = tan−1 𝑥 + sin−1 𝑥 + sec −1 𝑥 is,

Sol. Answer (2)

Domain of tan−1 𝑥 is 𝑅
Domain of sin−1 𝑥 is [−1,1]
And domain of sec −1 𝑥 is (−∞, −1] ∪ [1, ∞)
∴ domain of 𝑓(𝑥) is {−1,1}

𝜋𝑥 𝜋𝑥
9. Period of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = sin ( 2 ) cos ( 2 ) is

Sol. Answer (2)

2 𝜋𝑥 𝜋𝑥 1
𝑓(𝑥) = sin ( ) cos ( ) = sin 𝜋𝑥
2 2 2 2
Period of 𝑓(𝑥) is 2 .

𝜆𝜋
10. If the range of 𝑓(𝑥) = cos−1 [5𝑥] is {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐} and 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 2
, then 𝜆 is equal to ([.]
denotes G.I.F.)

Sol. Answer (3)

𝑓(𝑥) = cos −1 [5𝑥]
[ 5𝑥 ] can take the values −1,0,1
𝜋
∴ range = {𝜋, 2 , 0}

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 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS – QRM (QUICK REVISION MODULES)

𝜋 3𝜋
∴ 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 = 𝜋+ +0=
2 2

11. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 8−𝑥 𝑃𝑥−5, then number of integral values in the domain of 𝑓(𝑥) is -
Sol. Answer (2)
𝑓(𝑥) = 8−𝑥 𝑃𝑥−5 ⇒ 𝑥 ≤ 8, 𝑥 ≥ 5 and 8 − 𝑥 ≥ 𝑥 − 5
∴ Domain consists of integers {5,6}
∴ Number of integers is 2 .

12. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 1, then 𝑓 −1 (28) = .

Sol. Answer (3)
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 1 ⇒ 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)1/3 ⇒ 𝑓 −1 (28) = (28 − 1)1/3 = 3
13. Period of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = cos(cos 𝜋𝑥) + 𝑒 {4𝑥} , where
{.}𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑜𝑓𝑥, is .
Sol. Answer (1)
𝜋 1
Period of cos(cos 𝜋𝑥) is |𝜋| = 1 and period of 𝑒 {4𝑥} is 4
1
∴ Period of 𝑓(𝑥) = LCM of {1 } = 1
4

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SECTION - G

Multiple True-False Type Questions

1. STATEMENT-1 : If 𝑛(𝐴) = 3, 𝑛(𝐵) = 6, then minimum number of elements in

𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 is 6 .
STATEMENT-2 : 𝐴 = {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, |𝑥| < 2}. and 𝐵 = {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, |𝑥| ≥ 2}. If 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = 𝐶 − 𝑅,
then 𝐶 = {𝑥 ∣ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, 2 ≤ 𝑥 < 3}.

2 −2)3 +8
STATEMENT-3 : The range of 𝑓(𝑥) = 2(𝑥 is [1, ∞)
(1) T F T
(2) T T F
(3) T T T
(4) T F F

Sol. Answer (1)

1
2. STATEMENT-1 : If 𝑓(𝑥) = (3𝑥 + 3−𝑥 ), then 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 1 ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅.
2

1
STATEMENT-2 : The domain of 𝑓(𝑥) = log 3 |𝑥| + √𝑥 2 − 1 + |𝑥| is 𝑅 − [−1,1].
STATEMENT-3 : If 𝑓(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 3) = 𝑥 − 1, then 𝑓(2) + 𝑓(0) is equal to -2 .
(1) T T F
(2) T T T
(3) T F F
(4) F F F

Sol. Answer (3)

(i) Use A.M ≥ G.M
(ii) 𝑥 ≠ 0, |𝑥 − 1| ≥ 1

⇒ 𝑥≠1

(iii) 𝑓((𝑥 − 1)2 + 2) = (𝑥 − 1)

𝑓(𝑥) = −√𝑥 − 2
𝑓(2) = 0; 𝑓(6) = −2

3. STATEMENT-1: 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷 are four sets such that 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐶) = 3 and 𝑛(𝐵 ∩ 𝐷) = 2, then
𝑛(𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐶)) ≠ 𝑛(𝑃(𝐵 ∩ 𝐷)). STATEMENT-2 : If 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 and 𝐶 ⊆ 𝐷, then 𝐴 × 𝐶 ⊆ 𝐵 × 𝐷.
STATEMENT-3 : If 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵, then it is NOT necessary that 𝐴 = 𝐵.
(1) T T T
(2) T T F
(3) T F T
(4) F T T

Sol. Answer (2)

Clearly 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐶) = 3

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𝑛(𝐵 ∩ 𝐷) = 2

𝑛(𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐶) = 23 ; 𝑛(𝑃(𝐵 ∩ 𝐷) = 22

4. STATEMENT-1 : If 𝑓(𝑥) is a constant function, then 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) is also a constant function.

STATEMENT-2 : If graphs of 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) are intersecting then they always intersect
on the line 𝑦 = 𝑥.
𝑥 𝑥
STATEMENT-3 : The inverse of 𝑓(𝑥) = 1+|𝑥| is 1−|𝑥|
(1) F T T
(2) T F F
(3) F F T
(4) TF T

Sol. Answer (3)

Statement-1 : Constant function is not invertible as it is many one.
Statement-2 : 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) intersect on 𝑦 = 𝑥 or 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑥 𝑥
1+𝑥
; 𝑥≥0 1−𝑥
; 𝑥≥0
−1
Statement-3 : 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥 ;𝑓 (𝑥) = { 𝑥
; 𝑥<0 ; 𝑥<0
1−𝑥 1+𝑥

5. STATEMENT-1 : For real values of 𝑥 and 𝑦 the relation 𝑦 2 = 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 1 represents 𝑦

as a function of 𝑥.

STATEMENT-2 : If 𝑓(𝑥) = log(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 3) and 𝑔(𝑥) = log(𝑥 − 2) + log(𝑥 − 3) then 𝑓 =

𝑔
STATEMENT-3: If 𝑓(𝑥 + 2) = 2𝑥 − 5 then 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 9.
(1) FTF
(2) F T T
(3) TF T
(4) TTF

Sol. Answer (3)

Statement-1: 𝑦 2 = −(𝑥 − 1)2 , 𝑦 is a function of 𝑥 with domain {1} and range {0}
Statement-2 : 𝑓 ≠ 𝑔 ∵ 𝐷(𝑓) ∈ (−∞, 2) ∪ (3, ∞) and 𝐷(𝑔) ∈ (3, ∞)
Statement-3: Replace 𝑥 by 𝑥 − 2, 𝑓(𝑥) = 2(𝑥 − 2) − 5 = 2𝑥 − 9.

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SECTION - H

Advanced Questions
2008𝑥 +2008−𝑥 2008𝑥 −2008−𝑥
1. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 2
, 𝑔(𝑥) = 2
then prove that 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦) =
𝑓(𝑥)𝑓(𝑦) + 𝑔(𝑥)𝑔(𝑦).
2008𝑥 +2008−𝑥
Sol. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 2
,

2008𝑥 − 2008−𝑥
𝑔(𝑥) =
2

The given function satisfies 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥)𝑓(𝑦) + 𝑔(𝑥)𝑔(𝑦)

2. Let 𝑔(𝑥) be a function satisfying 𝑔(0) = 2, 𝑔(1) = 3, 𝑔(𝑥 + 2) = 2𝑔(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥 + 1), then
find 𝑔(5).

Sol. 𝑔(0) = 2

𝑔(1) = 3
𝑔(𝑥 + 2) = 2𝑔(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥 + 1)
𝑔(2) = 2𝑔(0) − 𝑔(1)
=4−3
=1
𝑔(2) = 1

𝑔(3) = 2𝑔(1) − 𝑔(2)

=6−1
=5
𝑔(4) = 2𝑔(2) − 𝑔(3)
=2−5
= −3
𝑔(5) = 2𝑔(3) − 𝑔(4)
= 10 − (−3)
= 13

3. Let 𝑓: 𝑊 → 𝑊 be a given function satisfying 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥 − 1) + 𝑓(𝑥 − 2) for 𝑥 ≥ 2.

If 𝑓(0) = 0 and 𝑓(1) = 1, then find the value of 𝑓(2) + 𝑓(3) + 𝑓(4) + 𝑓(5) + 𝑓(6).
Sol. 𝑓: 𝑊 → 𝑊 be a given function satisfying 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥 − 1) + 𝑓(𝑥 − 2) for 𝑥 ≥ 2
If 𝑓(0) = 0 and 𝑓(1) = 1

𝑓(2) = 𝑓(1) + 𝑓(0) = 1 + 0 = 1

𝑓(3) = 𝑓(2) + 𝑓(1) = 1 + 1 = 2
𝑓(4) = 𝑓(3) + 𝑓(2) = 2 + 1 = 3
𝑓(5) = 𝑓(4) + 𝑓(3) = 3 + 2 = 5
𝑓(6) = 𝑓(5) + 𝑓(4) = 5 + 3 = 8

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Now 𝑓(2) + 𝑓(3) + 𝑓(4) + 𝑓(5) + 𝑓(6) = 1 + 2 + 3 + 5 + 8 = 19

1−𝑥 𝑥+𝑦
4. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = ln (1+𝑥). Find 𝑥, 𝑦 for which 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑦) = 𝑓 (1+𝑥𝑦).

1−𝑥
Sol. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = ln (1+𝑥)
𝑥+𝑦
Now 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑦) = 𝑓 ( )
1+𝑥𝑦
𝑥+𝑦
1−𝑥 1−𝑦 1−
1 + 𝑥𝑦
⇒ ln ( ) + ln ( ) = ln ( 𝑥+𝑦)
1+𝑥 1+𝑦 1 + 1 + 𝑥𝑦
(1 − 𝑥)(1 − 𝑦) 1 + 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 − 𝑦
⇒ =
(1 + 𝑥)(1 + 𝑦) 1 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 + 𝑦
⇒ Which is an identity
Clearly 𝑓(𝑥) is well-defined for −1 < 𝑥 < 1, and in this case −1 < 𝑦 < 1
Hence 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ (−1,1)

𝑓(𝑥)
5. If 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥)𝑓(𝑦)∀𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅, and 𝑓(0) ≠ 0. Let 𝜙(𝑥) = . Prove that 𝜙(𝑥) −
1+(𝑓(𝑥))2
𝜙(−𝑥) = 0 ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅.

Sol. 𝑓(0) = 1
𝑓(𝑥)𝑓(−𝑥) = 𝑓(0) = 1
Hence,

𝑓(𝑥)
𝜙(𝑥) =
1 + (𝑓(𝑥))2
𝑓(−𝑥)
𝜙(−𝑥) =
1 + (𝑓(−𝑥))2
1
𝑓(𝑥)
=
1+1
(𝑓(𝑥))2
𝑓(𝑥)
=
1 + (𝑓(𝑥))2
𝜙(𝑥) = 𝜙(−𝑥)

6. The function 𝑓(𝑥) satisfies the equation 𝑓(𝑥 + 1) + 𝑓(𝑥 − 1) = √3𝑓(𝑥)∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅,

then the period of 𝑓(𝑥) is......
Sol. We have

𝑓(𝑥 + 1) + 𝑓(𝑥 − 1) = √3𝑓(𝑥), ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅

𝑓(𝑥 + 1) = √3𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑓(𝑥 − 1)

Let 𝑥 + 1 = 𝑟

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𝑓(𝑟) = √3𝑓(𝑟 − 1) − 𝑓(𝑟 − 2)

⇒𝑓(𝑟) = √3[√3𝑓(𝑟 − 2) − 𝑓(𝑟 − 3)] − 𝑓(𝑟 − 2) ⇒ 𝑓(𝑟) = 3𝑓(𝑟 − 2) − √3𝑓(𝑟 − 3) − 𝑓(𝑟 − 2)
⇒𝑓(𝑟) = 2𝑓(𝑟 − 2) − √3𝑓(𝑟 − 3)
⇒𝑓(𝑟) = 2[√3𝑓(𝑟 − 3) − 𝑓(𝑟 − 4)] − √3𝑓(𝑟 − 3)
⇒𝑓(𝑟) = √3𝑓(𝑟 − 3) − 2𝑓(𝑟 − 4)]
⇒𝑓(𝑟) = √3[√3𝑓(𝑟 − 4) − 𝑓(𝑟 − 5)] − 2𝑓(𝑟 − 4)
⇒𝑓(𝑟) = 𝑓(𝑟 − 4) − √3𝑓(𝑟 − 5)
⇒𝑓(𝑟) = √3[√3𝑓(𝑟 − 5) − 𝑓(𝑟 − 6)] − √3𝑓(𝑟 − 5)
⇒𝑓(𝑟) + 𝑓(𝑟 − 6) = 0
⇒𝑓(𝑟) = −𝑓(𝑟 + 6) = 𝑓(𝑟 + 12)

Period of the given function is = 12

7. Let 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅 be given by 𝑔(𝑥) = 3 + 4𝑥. If 𝑔𝑛 (𝑥) = gogo. 𝑜𝑔(𝑥)𝑛 times, then 𝑔4 (1)
equals......

Sol. 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅𝑔(𝑥) = 3 + 4𝑥.

𝑔(𝑥) = 3 + 4𝑥
𝑔2 (𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑔(𝑥)) = 3 + 4𝑔(𝑥) = 3 + 4(3 + 4𝑥) = 42 𝑥 + 4.3 + 3
𝑔4 (𝑥) = 𝑔[𝑔{𝑔{𝑔(𝑥)}}] = 255 + 256𝑥
𝑔4 (1) = 511

8. Let 𝑓(𝑥) satisfies the relation 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑦)∀𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅 and 𝑓(1) = 2 then
the value of ∑50
𝑟=1 𝑓(𝑟) is.......

Sol. 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑦)

⇒ 𝑓(1) = 2, 𝑓(2) = 4, 𝑓(3) = 6 … , 𝑓(50) = 100
∑50
𝑟=1 𝑓(𝑟) = 𝑓(1) + 𝑓(2) + 𝑓(3) + ⋯ + 𝑓(50)

= 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + ⋯ + 100
= 25[4 + 98] = 25 × 102 = 2550

𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 1002 −1
9. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 2
and if 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑥, then 𝑔 ( 2𝑒 501
) equals.
1
𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒𝑥− 𝑥 𝑒 2𝑥 −1
Sol. 𝑓(𝑥) = = 𝑒
=
2 2 2𝑒 𝑥

𝑔{𝑓(𝑥)} = 𝑥

𝑒 2𝑥 − 1 𝑒 1002 − 1
∴ 𝑔( ) = 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑔 ( ) = 501
2𝑒 𝑥 2𝑒 501

10. Let 𝑓(𝑥) be a function such that 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑦)∀𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑁 and 𝑓(1) = 4. If
∑𝑛𝐾=1 𝑓(𝑎 + 𝐾) = 2𝑛(33 + 𝑛), then 'a' equals..
Sol. 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑦)

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 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS – QRM (QUICK REVISION MODULES)

𝑓(1) = 4
⇒ 𝑓(2) = 𝑓(1) + 𝑓(1) = 4 + 4 = 8
⇒ 𝑓(3) = 12

⇒ 𝑓(𝑎) = 4𝑎
𝑛 𝑛

Now ∑ 𝑓(𝑎 + 𝑘) = 2𝑛(33 + 𝑛) ⇒ ∑ [𝑓(𝑎) + 𝑓(𝑘)] = 2𝑛(33 + 𝑛)

𝑘=1 𝑘=1

⇒ 4𝑎𝑛 + [𝑓(1) + 𝑓(2) + ⋯ + 𝑓(𝑛)] = 2𝑛(33 + 𝑛) ⇒ 4𝑎𝑛 + 2𝑛(𝑛 + 1) = 2𝑛(33 + 𝑛)

⇒ 2𝑎 + 𝑛 + 1 = 33 + 𝑛 ⇒ 𝑎 = 16

𝑥, 𝑥 < 1
11. Let 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓 −1
(𝑥), where 𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑥 2 , 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4 then 𝑔(256) equals
8√𝑥, 4 < 𝑥
𝑥2
Sol. Clearly 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓 1 (𝑥) = for 𝑥 > 4
64
(256)2
𝑔(256) = 64
= 1024.

1 3
12. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 + √𝑥 − 4 and 𝜙(𝑥) = 𝑓 1 (𝑥) then 𝜙(30) equals.

1 3
Sol. 𝑓(𝑥) = + √𝑥 −
2 4

1 3 3 1 3 1 2
𝑓(𝑥) = + √𝑥 − = 𝑦 ⇒ √𝑥 − = 𝑦 − ⇒ 𝑥 − = (𝑦 − )
2 4 4 2 4 2
1 3
⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑦2 + − 𝑦 + ⇒ 4𝑥 = 4𝑦 2 + 1 − 4𝑦 + 3
4 4
⇒ 4𝑥 = 4𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 + 4 ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑦2 − 𝑦 + 1
⇒ 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1 ⇒ 𝑓 −1 (30) = (30)2 − 30 + 1 ⇒ 871
∴ 𝑓 −1 (30) = 871. ⇒ 𝜙(30) = 871

13. Let 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 and 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅 be two given functions defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 + 2 and

𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 1, ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 Then find [(𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥)][(𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥)] at 𝑥 = 1.
Sol. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 + 2
𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 1 ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
𝑓 ∘ 𝑔(𝑥) = 3(3𝑥 − 1)2 + 2
𝑔 ∘ 𝑓(𝑥) = 3(3𝑥 2 + 2) − 1
𝑓 ∘ 𝑔(𝑥) ⋅ 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓(𝑥) = (3(3𝑥 − 1)2 + 2)(9𝑥 2 + 5) = 196 and 𝑥 5 = 1
1
14. If the function 𝑦 = (cot 𝛼)𝑥 2 + 2(√sin 𝛼)𝑥 + 2 tan 𝛼, 𝛼 ∈ [0,2𝜋] can take negative
value at all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, then the value of ' 𝛼 ' must lie in the interval .
1
Sol. 𝑓(𝑥) = (cot 𝛼)𝑥 2 + 2(√sin 𝛼)𝑥 + 2 tan 𝛼
𝑓(𝑥) can take negative value for all ' 𝑥 ' means 𝑓(𝑥) < 0, ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
∴ 𝑎 < 0, 𝑏 < 0

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1
cot 𝛼 < 0, 4sin 𝛼 − 42 × 2 × tan 𝛼 ⋅ cot 𝛼 < 0

2sin 𝛼 − 1 < 0

1
sin 𝛼 <
2
5𝜋
∵ sin 𝛼 ≥ 0 for √sin 𝛼 to be define therefore 𝑥 ∈ ( 6 , 𝜋)

𝑎𝑥 2 +2(𝑎+1)𝑥+9𝑎+4
15. The range of value of a such that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 −8𝑥+32
is always negative is -

𝑎𝑥 2 +2(𝑎+1)𝑥+9𝑎+4
Sol. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 −8𝑥+32
<0

∴ 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 32 > 0 as 𝐷 < 0
∴ 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2(𝑎 + 1)𝑥 + 9𝑎 + 4 < 0, ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑁
∴ 𝑎 < 0 and (4(𝑎 + 1)2 − 4𝑎(9𝑎 + 4) < 0

𝑎2 + 2𝑎 + 1 − 9𝑎2 − 4𝑎 < 0

8𝑎2 + 2𝑎 − 1 > 0

𝑎 1
𝑎2 + − >0
4 8
1 1
(𝑎 + ) (𝑎 − ) > 0
2 4

1 1
∴ 𝑎 ∈ (−∞, − 2) ∪ (4 , ∞) and 𝑎 < 0

1 2𝑥 1 1
16. Domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = + sin−1 ( 𝜋 ) + {−𝑥} + 𝑥 𝑥 is .
√sin(cos 𝑥) ln(1−[tan ]−[−tan ])
2 2
(where [.] represents greatest integer function.)
1 2𝑥 1 1
Sol. 𝑓(𝑥) = + sin−1 ( 𝜋 ) + {−𝑥} + 𝑥 𝑥
√sin(cos 𝑥) ln(1−[tan ]−[−tan ])
2 2

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2𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
sin(cos 𝑥) > 0 −1 ≤ ≤ 1 {−𝑥} ≠ 0 1 − [tan ] − [−tan ] > 0
𝜋 2 2
𝜋 𝜋
∴ 0 < cos 𝑥 < 𝜋 − ≤𝑥≤ 𝑛∉𝒍 ∵ [−𝑥] = −1 − [𝑥], 𝑥 ∉ 𝐼
2 2
𝜋 𝜋 Case-I
⇒ 𝑥 ∈ (− , )
2 2
𝑥
[tan ] = 0
2
𝑥 𝑥
⇒ ln (1 − [tan ] − [−tan ]) = ln 1 = 0
2 2

Case-II
𝜋 𝜋 𝑥 𝑥
𝑥 ∈ (− , 0) ∪ (0, ) ln (1 − [tan ] − [−tan ]) = ln 2
2 2 2 2
𝜋 𝜋
Hence domain (− 2 , 2 ) − {0, −1,1}
17. For what integral values of 𝑛 the number 3𝜋 is a period of the function 𝑓(𝑥) =
5
cos(𝑛𝑥) ⋅ sin (𝑛) 𝑥 ?

Sol. 𝑛 = ±1, ±3, ±5, ±15

5
𝑓(𝑥) = sin ( ) 𝑥 ⋅ cos(𝑛𝑥)
𝑛
1 5 1 5 5
𝑓(𝑥) = [2sin ( ) 𝑥 ⋅ cos(𝑛𝑥)] = [sin ( + 𝑛) 𝑥 + sin ( − 𝑛) 𝑥]
2 𝑛 2 𝑛 𝑛
5 2𝜋 2𝑛𝜋
Period of sin (𝑛 + 𝑛) 𝑥 is 5 = 5+𝑛2
+𝑛
𝑛

5 2𝜋 2𝑛𝜋
Period of sin (𝑛 − 𝑛) 𝑥 is 5 = 5−𝑛2
−𝑛
𝑛

2𝑛𝜋 2𝑛𝜋
LCM of (5+𝑛2 , 5−𝑛2 ) period will be 3𝜋 if 𝑛 = ±1, ±3, ±5, ±15

sin 𝜋𝑥 0≤𝑥≤2 max(|𝑥|,1 − |𝑥|, |𝑥 − 1|) if 𝑥 ∈ (0,1)

18. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = { , 𝑔(𝑥) = { Then
2−𝑥 2<𝑥≤5 min(|𝑥|,1 − |𝑥|, |𝑥 − 1|) otherwise
find 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)).

sin 𝜋𝑥 ,0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
Sol. 𝑓(𝑥) = [
2−𝑥 ,2 < 𝑥 ≤ 5

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max(|𝑥|,1 − |𝑥|, |𝑥 − 1|) if

𝑔(𝑥) = {
min(|𝑥|,1 − |𝑥|, |𝑥 − 1|) , otherwise
1
1 + 𝑥, 𝑥 ≤ −
2
1
−𝑥 ,− ≤ 𝑥 < 0
2
𝑔(𝑥) = 1
1 − 𝑥 ,0 ≤ 𝑥 <
2
1
𝑥 , ≤𝑥<1
2
[𝑥 − 1, 𝑥 ≥ 1
sin 𝜋(𝑔(𝑥)) 0 ≤ 𝑔(𝑥) ≤ 2
𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = [
2 − 𝑔(𝑥) 2 < 𝑔(𝑥) ≤ 5

𝑥 2 +2𝑥+𝑐
19. Find the interval of 𝑐 for which 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 +4𝑥+3𝑐 attains any real value.

𝑥 2 +2𝑥+𝑐
Sol. 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥 2 +4𝑥+3𝑐

𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑦=
𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 3𝑐

𝑥 2 (𝑦 − 1) + 2𝑥(2𝑦 − 1) + 𝑐(3𝑦 − 1) = 0

∵ 𝑥∈𝑅

𝐷≥0

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4(2𝑦 − 1)2 − 4(𝑦 − 1)(3𝑦 − 1)𝑐 ≥ 0

4𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 + 1 − 3𝑐𝑦 2 + 4𝑐𝑦 − 𝑐 ≥ 0
𝑦 2 [4 − 3𝑐] + 4𝑦[𝑐 − 1] + 1 − 𝑐 ≥ 0
We need range of function ' 𝑅 ' hence
D=0
16(𝑐 − 1)2 − 4(4 − 3𝑐)(1 − 𝑐) = 0
4𝑐 2 − 8𝑐 + 4 − 4 + 7𝑐 − 3𝑐 2 = 0
𝑐2 − 𝑐 = 0
𝑐 = 0,1

2 − (−𝑥) 𝑥 ≤ −2
1
sin 𝜋(−𝑥) −2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ −
2
1
sin 𝜋(1 + 𝑥) − ≤𝑥<0
2
𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 1
sin 𝜋(1 − 𝑥) 0≤𝑥≤
2
1
sin 𝜋(𝑥) ≤𝑥≤1
2
sin 𝜋(𝑥 − 1) 1≤𝑥≤2
{ 2 − (𝑥 − 1) 2≤𝑥
1
∫ sin 𝜋(1 + 𝑥); 𝑥 ≤ −
2
1
sin 𝜋(−𝑥)
;− < 𝑥 ≤ 0
2 1
𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 1 < 𝑥 < 18
sin 𝜋(1 − 𝑥) ; 0 < 𝑥 ≤ 2
2
{sin 𝜋(𝑥) ;

20. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 5 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 5, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅. Find (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(5).

Sol. (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝑓(𝑥 − 5) = 𝑥 − 5 + 5 = 𝑥 ⇒ (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(5) = 5

2𝑥−3
21. Let 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅: 𝑓(𝑥) = 4
be an invertible function. Find 𝑓 −1 .

2𝑥−3 4𝑦+3 4𝑦+3

Sol. 𝑦 = 4
⇒𝑥= 2
⇒ 𝑓 −1 (𝑦) = 2
4𝑥 + 3
∴ 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) =
2

22. Show that the relation 𝑅 defined on the set 𝐴 = {1,2,3,4,5}, given by 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): |𝑎 −
𝑏| is even } is an equivalence relation.

Sol. Let 𝑎 ∈ 𝐴. Then, |𝑎 − 𝑎| = 0, which is even ⇒ 𝑎𝑅𝑎∀𝑎 ∈ 𝐴. It is reflexive (𝑎, 𝑏) ∈ 𝑅 ⇒

|𝑎 − 𝑏| is even ⇒ | − (𝑎 − 𝑏)| is even ⇒ |𝑏 − 𝑎| is even.
⇒ (𝑏, 𝑎) ∈ 𝑅. It is symmetric. (𝑎, 𝑏) ∈ 𝑅 and (𝑏, 𝑐) ∈ 𝑅.
⇒ (𝑎 − 𝑏) = ±2𝛼1 and (𝑏 − 𝑐) = ±2𝛼2 for some 𝛼1 , 𝛼2 ∈ 𝑁
⇒ [(𝑎 − 𝑏) + (𝑏 − 𝑐) = ±2(𝛼1 ± 𝛼2 )

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 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS – QRM (QUICK REVISION MODULES)

⇒ (𝑎 − 𝑐) = ±2𝛼 for some 𝛼 ∈ 𝑁]

⇒ (𝑎, 𝑐) ∈ 𝑅, it is transitive
∴ It is an equivalence relation
Set of elements related to 1

= {𝑏 ∈ 𝐴: |1 − 𝑏| is even }
= {1,3,5,7,9,11}

23. Let 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 and 𝑔: 𝐵 → 𝐴 such that (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓) = 𝐼𝐴 . Show that 𝑓 is one-one and 𝑔 is

onto.
Sol. We have, 𝑓(𝑥1 ) = 𝑓(𝑥2 ) ⇒ 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥1 )) = 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥2 ))

⇒ (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥1 ) = (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥2 )
⇒ 𝐼𝐴 (𝑥1 ) = 𝐼𝐴 (𝑥2 )
⇒ 𝑥1 = 𝑥2

∴ 𝑓 is one-one
Now, show that 𝑔 is onto, let 𝑎 ∈ 𝐴 and let 𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑏 ∈ 𝐵. Then 𝑔(𝑏) = 𝑔(𝑓(𝑎)) = (𝑔 ∘
𝑓)(𝑎) = 𝐼𝐴 (𝑎) ∵ 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓 = 𝐼𝐴 Thus, for each 𝑎 ∈ 𝐴, there exists 𝑏 ∈ 𝐵 such that 𝑔(𝑏) = 𝑎
∴ 𝑔 is onto.

24. Find the domain and range of the real function 𝑓(𝑥) = √16 − 𝑥 2 .

Sol. 𝑓(𝑥) = √16 − 𝑥 2 , 16 − 𝑥 2 ≥ 0 ⇒ 𝑥 2 ≤ 16 ⇒ −4 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4

∴ dom(𝑓) = {𝑥 ∈ 𝑅: −4 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4}

Also, 𝑦 = √16 − 𝑥 2 ⇒ 𝑦 2 = 16 − 𝑥 2 ⇒ 𝑥 = √16 − 𝑦 2

16 − 𝑦 2 ≥ 0 ⇒ 𝑦 2 ≤ 16 ⇒ −4 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 4

∴ Range (𝑓) = {𝑦 ∈ 𝑅: 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 4}

𝑥2
25. Let 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 be a function is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 1+𝑥2, then
(1) 𝑓 is one-one but not onto
(2) 𝑓 is onto but not one-one
(3) 𝑓 is both one-one and onto
(4) 𝑓 is neither one-one nor onto

Sol. Answer (4)

𝑥2 1 1+𝑥 2 −1 𝑥4
Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 1+𝑥2 = 𝑥 2 (1 − 1+𝑥 2 ) = 𝑥 2 (1+𝑥 2
) = 1+𝑥2
Let 1, −1 ∈ 𝑅
1 1
∴ 𝑓(1) = , 𝑓(−1) =
2 2
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) is not one-one

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∴ 𝑅𝑓 = [0, ∞)
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) is not onto.
Thus, 𝑓(𝑥) is neither one-one nor onto function.

26. Let 𝑆 = {1,2,3,4}. The number of functions 𝑓: 𝑆 → 𝑆. Such that 𝑓(𝑖) ≤ 2𝑖 for all 𝑖 ∈ 𝑆 is
(1) 32
(2) 64
(3) 128
(4) 256

Sol. Answer (3)

Given 𝑆 = {1,2,3,4}
∴ 𝑓(𝑖) ≤ 2i, ∀𝑖 ∈ 𝑆
For 𝑖 = 1, 𝑓(1) can be 1 or 2

𝑖 = 2, 𝑓(2) can be 1,2,3 or 4.

𝑖 = 3, 𝑓(3) can be 1,2,3 or 4
𝑖 = 4, 𝑓(4) can be 1,2,3 or 4
∴ Total number of such functions = 2 × 4 × 4 × 4 = 128

27. Let 𝜙: [0,1] → [0,1] be a continuous and one-one function. Let 𝜙(0) = 0, 𝜙(1) =
1 1
1, 𝜙 (2) = 𝑝, and 𝜙 (4) = 𝑞, then
(1) 𝑝 > 𝑞
(2) 𝑝 < 𝑞
(3) 𝑝 = 𝑞
(4) No comparison between 𝑝&𝑞
Sol. Answer (1)
Given 𝜙: [0,1] → [0,1]
∴ 𝜙(0) = 0, 𝜙(1) = 1

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1 1
𝜙 ( ) = 𝑝, 𝜙 ( ) = 𝑞
2 4

Here, 𝜙(𝑥) = 𝑥

Now, 𝜙(0) = 0, 𝜙(1) = 1

1 1
⇒ 𝜙( ) =
2 2
1
⇒ 𝑃=
2
1 1
Also, 𝜙 (4) = 4
1
⇒ 𝑞=
4
From (i) and (ii), we get
𝑝>𝑞

1
28. Determine all functions 𝑓: 𝑅 ∼ {0,1} → 𝑅, which satisfy the equation 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓 (1−𝑥) =
2(1−2𝑥)
𝑥(1−𝑥)
valid for all
𝑥 ≠ 0 and 𝑥 ≠ 1.

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 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS – QRM (QUICK REVISION MODULES)

1 2 2
Sol. ∴ 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓 (1−𝑥) = 𝑥 − 1−𝑥
1
Replace 𝑥 by 1−𝑥
1 𝑥−1 1−𝑥
∴ 𝑓( )+𝑓( ) = 2(1 − 𝑥) + 2 ( )
1−𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑥−1
Replace 𝑥 by 𝑥 (ii), we get
𝑥−1 2𝑥
𝑓( ) + 𝑓(𝑥) = − 2𝑥
𝑥 𝑥−1

Equation (iii) to Equation (ii), we get

1 2𝑥 2
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑓 ( )= − (𝑖𝑣)
1−𝑥 𝑥−1 𝑥

Adding (i) and (iv), we get,

𝑥+1
𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥−1

29. Let 𝐴 = {1,2,3,4}. The number of functions 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐴 satisfying 𝑓(𝑓(𝑖)) = 1 for all 1 ≤
𝑖 ≤ 4 is
(1) 1
(2) 6
(3) 9
(4) 10

Sol. Answer (1)

∴ 𝑓(𝑓(𝑖)) = 1
⇒ 𝑓(i) = 𝑓 −1 (1)
Clearly, number of function = 10

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30. Let 𝑓: [−2,2] → 𝐵 defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 6 − 3𝑥 2 − 10. Set 𝐵 for which 𝑓 is onto is
(1) [−12, −10]
(2) [−10,42]
(3) [−12,42]
(4) [−10,12]

Sol. Answer (3)

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 6 −3𝑥 2 − 10
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = 6𝑥 5 − 6𝑥
= 6𝑥(𝑥 4 − 1)
= 6𝑥(𝑥 2 − 1)(𝑥 2 + 1)
= 6𝑥(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 2 + 1)
− + + + 1
∴𝑓(−1) = 1 − 3 − 10 = −2
𝑓(1) = 1 − 3 − 10 = −12
𝑓(0) = 0 − 0 − 10 = −10
𝑓(2) = 64 − 22 = 42
𝑓(−2) = 64 − 22 = 42
∴𝑅𝑓 = [−12,42]
⇒𝐵 = [−12,42]

31. Let 𝑓: {1,2,3} → {1,2,3} be a function. Then the number of functions 𝑔: {1,2,3} →
{1,2,3}. Such that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) for at least one 𝑥 ∈ {1,2,3} is
(1) 11
(2) 19
(3) 23
(4) 27
Sol. Answer (2)

MRA Sir | FIITJEE Madhapur| Hyderabad

 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS – QRM (QUICK REVISION MODULES)

Number of function = 33 − 23 = 27 − 8 = 19

32. Let 𝑓: (−2,2) → (−2,2) be a continuous function such that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥 2 )∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑑𝑓 and
1 1
𝑓(0) = , then the value of 4𝑓 ( ) is equal to
2 4
(1) 4
(2) 2
(3) -2
(4) 1

Sol. Answer (2)

Given 𝑓: (−2,2) → (−2,2)
1
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥 2 )∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐷𝑓 and 𝑓(0) =
2
⇒ 𝑓(0) is a rational number
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) is a constant function
1 1
∴ 4𝑓 ( ) = 4 × = 2
4 2

2𝑥 8 +6𝑥 4 +4𝑥 2 +3
33. Let 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝐵 is given by 𝑓(𝑥) = . Interval of 𝐵 for which 𝑓 is onto is
𝑥 8 +3𝑥 4 +2𝑥 2 +1
(1) [1, ∞)
(2) [0, ∞)
(3) [−∞, ∞)
(4) (2,3]

Sol. Answer (4)

2𝑥 8 + 6𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 2 + 3 1
𝑓(𝑥) = 8 4 2
=2+ 8
𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 1 𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 2𝑥 2 + 1
4
Let 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 8 + 3𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 2 + 1
⇒ 𝑅𝑔 = [1, ∞)
1
Let ℎ(𝑥) =
𝑔(𝑥)
⇒ 𝑅ℎ = (0,1]
1
Now, 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 + 𝑥 8 +3𝑥4 +2𝑥 2 +1
⇒ 𝑅𝑓 = (2,3]

34. Let 𝐴 = {𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 , 𝑥4 , 𝑥5 }, 𝐵 = {𝑦1 , 𝑦2 , 𝑦3 , 𝑦4 }. Function 𝑓 is defined from 𝐴 to 𝐵. Such

that 𝑓(𝑥1 ) = 𝑦1 and 𝑓(𝑥2 ) = 𝑦2 then, number of onto functions from 𝐴 to 𝐵 is
(1) 12
(2) 6
(3) 18
(4) 27

Sol. Answer (3)

MRA Sir | FIITJEE Madhapur| Hyderabad

 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS – QRM (QUICK REVISION MODULES)

∴ 𝑓(𝑥1 ) = 𝑦1 , 𝑓(𝑥2 ) = 𝑦2

Case-I:
When 𝑥3 , 𝑥4 , 𝑥5 are not related to 𝑦1 and 𝑦2 .
The number of onto functions

3!
= × 2!
1! 2!
=6

Case-II:
When 𝑥3 , 𝑥4 , 𝑥5 are related to any one of 𝑦1 and 𝑦2 .
The number of onto functions

3!
= × 3! × 2!
3!
= 12
Thus, total number of onto functions

= 6 + 12
= 18

MRA Sir | FIITJEE Madhapur| Hyderabad