Android Practical

Practical : 1
Step 1: Download and Install Android Studio
1. Download Android Studio

👉 https://developer.android.com/studio
●​ Go to the official Android Studio website:​

●​ Click Download Android Studio and accept the terms.

●​ Choose the appropriate version for your OS (Windows, macOS, Linux).

2. Install Android Studio

●​ Run the installer and follow the setup instructions:

o​ Click Next → Choose components (Android SDK, Emulator) → Click Next
o​ Select the installation location → Click Next
o​ Click Install and wait for the installation to complete.
o​ Click Finish to launch Android Studio.

Step 2: Configure Android Studio

1. First-Time Setup

●​ When Android Studio opens, it will ask for setup preferences. Select:
o​ Standard Installation (Recommended for beginners).
o​ Click Finish to download additional SDK components.

2. Verify SDK Installation

●​ Open Android Studio → Click More Actions → SDK Manager.

●​ Ensure that the latest Android SDK version is installed.

✅
●​ Check that the following essential components are installed:​

✅ Android SDK Platform​

✅ Android Virtual Device (AVD)​

SDK Tools (for Gradle builds, emulator, debugging)

Step 3: Create Your First Android Project

1.​ Open Android Studio → Click New Project.

2.​ Select Empty Activity → Click Next.
3.​ Configure the project:
o​ Project Name: HelloWorld
 o​ Package Name: com.example.helloworld
o​ Language: Java (or Kotlin)
o​ Minimum API Level: API 21 (Android 5.0 Lollipop)
o​ Click Finish to create the project.

Step 4: Run Your First Android App

1. Using an Emulator

●​ Go to Tools → AVD Manager → Click Create Virtual Device.

●​ Select a device model (e.g., Pixel 4).
●​ Choose a System Image (e.g., Android 12) → Click Next.
●​ Click Finish to create the virtual device.
●​ ▶
Click Run ( ) to launch the emulator and test your app.

2. Using a Real Device

●​ Connect your Android phone via USB Cable.

●​ Enable Developer Mode:
o​ Go to Settings → About Phone → Tap Build Number 7 times.
●​ Enable USB Debugging:
o​ Go to Settings → Developer Options → Enable USB Debugging.
▶
●​ Run the app on the real device using Run ( ) in Android Studio.

Step 5: Verify Everything is Working

●​ Open MainActivity.java and check for onCreate() method.

●​ Locate res/layout/activity_main.xml and confirm the TextView displaying "Hello World".
●​ Run the app and ensure it launches successfully on the emulator or real device.

Practical : 2

Step 1: Create a New Android Project

1.​ Open Android Studio.

2.​ Click on "New Project" → Select "Empty Activity" → Click Next.
3.​ Enter the following details:
o​ Name: HelloWorldApp
o​ Package Name: com.example.helloworld
o​ Save Location: Choose your preferred location
o​ Language: Java (or Kotlin, based on preference)
o​ Minimum API Level: API 21 (Android 5.0 Lollipop) or later
 4.​ Click Finish and wait for the project to load.

Step 2: Modify activity_main.xml

1.​ Open res/layout/activity_main.xml.

2.​ Replace the existing code with the following:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:gravity="center"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:background="#FFFFFF">

<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv_hello"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Hello World"
android:textSize="24sp"
android:textColor="#FF0000" />
</LinearLayout>

Explanation:

●​ Used LinearLayout with gravity="center" to position the text in the center.

●​ TextView displays "Hello World" with:
o​ textSize="24sp" (Font size)
o​ textColor="#FF0000" (Red color)

Step 3: Modify MainActivity.java (Optional, if needed)

1.​ Open java/com/example/helloworld/MainActivity.java.

2.​ Ensure the following code exists:

package com.example.helloworld;

import android.os.Bundle;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
 setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}
}

Explanation:

●​ onCreate() method sets the XML layout file (activity_main.xml) as the UI.

Step 4: Run the Application

1.​ Click Run (▶) in Android Studio.

2.​ Choose an Emulator or a Real Device.
3.​ The app will launch and display "Hello World" in red color in the center of the screen.

Expected Output:

A white screen with "Hello World" displayed in red color at the center.

Practical : 3
Step 1: Create a New Android Project

1.​ Open Android Studio.

2.​ Click "New Project" → Select "Empty Activity" → Click Next.
3.​ Enter the following details:
o​ Name: ActivityLifecycleDemo
o​ Package Name: com.example.activitylifecycle
o​ Save Location: Choose your preferred location
o​ Language: Java (or Kotlin)
o​ Minimum API Level: API 21 (Android 5.0 Lollipop) or later
4.​ Click Finish and wait for the project to load.

Step 2: Modify activity_main.xml

1.​ Open res/layout/activity_main.xml.

2.​ Replace the existing code with the following:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout
 xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:gravity="center"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:padding="20dp"
android:background="#F5F5F5">

<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv_lifecycle"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Activity Lifecycle Demo"
android:textSize="20sp"
android:textColor="#000000"
android:textStyle="bold"/>
</LinearLayout>
Explanation:

●​ Used LinearLayout with gravity="center" to position the text.

●​ TextView displays "Activity Lifecycle Demo" as a heading.

Step 3: Modify MainActivity.java

1.​ Open java/com/example/activitylifecycle/MainActivity.java.

2.​ Replace the existing code with the following:

package com.example.activitylifecycle;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.Toast;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

private static final String TAG = "ActivityLifecycle";

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Log.d(TAG, "onCreate() called");
Toast.makeText(this, "onCreate()", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}

@Override
protected void onStart() {
super.onStart();
Log.d(TAG, "onStart() called");
Toast.makeText(this, "onStart()", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
 }

@Override
protected void onResume() {
super.onResume();
Log.d(TAG, "onResume() called");
Toast.makeText(this, "onResume()", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}

@Override
protected void onPause() {
super.onPause();
Log.d(TAG, "onPause() called");
Toast.makeText(this, "onPause()", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}

@Override
protected void onStop() {
super.onStop();
Log.d(TAG, "onStop() called");
Toast.makeText(this, "onStop()", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}

@Override
protected void onRestart() {
super.onRestart();
Log.d(TAG, "onRestart() called");
Toast.makeText(this, "onRestart()", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}

@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
Log.d(TAG, "onDestroy() called");
Toast.makeText(this, "onDestroy()", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
Explanation:

●​ Log.d(TAG, "methodName() called"); → Logs lifecycle events to Logcat.

●​ Toast.makeText(this, "methodName()", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); → Displays Toast messages
when lifecycle methods are triggered.

Expected Output:
1.​ When the app starts:

o​ Toasts: onCreate(), onStart(), onResume().

o​ Logcat:

D/ActivityLifecycle: onCreate() called

D/ActivityLifecycle: onStart() called
D/ActivityLifecycle: onResume() called
2.​ When pressing the home button:
 o​ Toasts: onPause(), onStop().
o​ Logcat:

D/ActivityLifecycle: onPause() called

D/ActivityLifecycle: onStop() called
3.​ When reopening the app:

o​ Toasts: onRestart(), onStart(), onResume().

o​ Logcat:

D/ActivityLifecycle: onRestart() called

D/ActivityLifecycle: onStart() called
D/ActivityLifecycle: onResume() called
4.​ When pressing the back button to exit:

o​ Toasts: onPause(), onStop(), onDestroy().

o​ Logcat:

D/ActivityLifecycle: onPause() called

D/ActivityLifecycle: onStop() called
D/ActivityLifecycle: onDestroy() called

Practical : 4
Step 1: Modify activity_main.xml (User Interface)

1.​ Open res/layout/activity_main.xml.

2.​ Replace the existing code with the following:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:padding="20dp"
android:gravity="center"
android:background="#F5F5F5">

<EditText
android:id="@+id/et_num1"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="Enter First Number"
android:inputType="numberDecimal"
android:padding="10dp"/>

<EditText
android:id="@+id/et_num2"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="Enter Second Number"
android:inputType="numberDecimal"
android:padding="10dp"/>

<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:gravity="center"
android:paddingTop="10dp">

<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_add"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="+"
android:padding="10dp"
android:layout_margin="5dp"/>

<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_subtract"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="-"
android:padding="10dp"
android:layout_margin="5dp"/>

<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_multiply"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="×"
android:padding="10dp"
android:layout_margin="5dp"/>

<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_divide"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="÷"
android:padding="10dp"
android:layout_margin="5dp"/>
</LinearLayout>

<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv_result"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Result: "
android:textSize="20sp"
android:textStyle="bold"
android:paddingTop="20dp"
android:gravity="center"/>
</LinearLayout>
Explanation:

●​ Two EditText fields for number input.

●​ Four Buttons for arithmetic operations (+, -, ×, ÷).
●​ TextView to display the result.
●​ LinearLayout for button arrangement.

Step 2: Modify MainActivity.java (Logic for Calculator)

1.​ Open java/com/example/calculator/MainActivity.java.

2.​ Replace the existing code with the following:

package com.example.calculator;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

private EditText etNum1, etNum2;

private TextView tvResult;
private Button btnAdd, btnSubtract, btnMultiply, btnDivide;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

// Initialize UI elements
etNum1 = findViewById(R.id.et_num1);
etNum2 = findViewById(R.id.et_num2);
tvResult = findViewById(R.id.tv_result);
btnAdd = findViewById(R.id.btn_add);
btnSubtract = findViewById(R.id.btn_subtract);
btnMultiply = findViewById(R.id.btn_multiply);
btnDivide = findViewById(R.id.btn_divide);

// Set button click listeners

btnAdd.setOnClickListener(view -> performOperation("+"));
btnSubtract.setOnClickListener(view -> performOperation("-"));
btnMultiply.setOnClickListener(view -> performOperation("*"));
btnDivide.setOnClickListener(view -> performOperation("/"));
}

private void performOperation(String operator) {

String num1Str = etNum1.getText().toString();
 String num2Str = etNum2.getText().toString();

if (num1Str.isEmpty() || num2Str.isEmpty()) {
Toast.makeText(this, "Please enter both numbers", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return;
}

double num1 = Double.parseDouble(num1Str);

double num2 = Double.parseDouble(num2Str);
double result = 0;

switch (operator) {
case "+":
result = num1 + num2;
break;
case "-":
result = num1 - num2;
break;
case "*":
result = num1 * num2;
break;
case "/":
if (num2 == 0) {
Toast.makeText(this, "Cannot divide by zero", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return;
}
result = num1 / num2;
break;
}

tvResult.setText("Result: " + result);

}
}
Explanation:

●​ Retrieves input values from EditText.

●​ Handles button clicks using setOnClickListener().
●​ Performs arithmetic operations using performOperation() method.
●​ Displays results in TextView.
●​ Handles division by zero to prevent errors.

Practical : 5

Step 1: Modify AndroidManifest.xml

1.​ Open AndroidManifest.xml.

2.​ Add the second activity inside the <application> tag.

<activity android:name=".SecondActivity" />

Step 2: Create UI for Main Activity (activity_main.xml)

1.​ Open res/layout/activity_main.xml.

2.​ Replace the existing code with the following:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:padding="20dp"
android:gravity="center"
android:background="#F5F5F5">

<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_explicit"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Go to Second Activity"
android:padding="10dp"
android:layout_marginBottom="10dp"/>

<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_implicit_web"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Open Website"
android:padding="10dp"
android:layout_marginBottom="10dp"/>

<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_implicit_call"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Make a Call"
android:padding="10dp"
android:layout_marginBottom="10dp"/>

<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_implicit_email"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Send an Email"
android:padding="10dp"/>
</LinearLayout>

Step 3: Implement MainActivity (MainActivity.java)

1.​ Open java/com/example/intentdemo/MainActivity.java.

2.​ Replace the existing code with the following:
package com.example.intentdemo;

import android.content.Intent;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

private Button btnExplicit, btnWeb, btnCall, btnEmail;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

// Initialize buttons
btnExplicit = findViewById(R.id.btn_explicit);
btnWeb = findViewById(R.id.btn_implicit_web);
btnCall = findViewById(R.id.btn_implicit_call);
btnEmail = findViewById(R.id.btn_implicit_email);

// Explicit Intent - Navigate to SecondActivity

btnExplicit.setOnClickListener(view -> {
Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, SecondActivity.class);
startActivity(intent);
});

// Implicit Intent - Open a Web Page

btnWeb.setOnClickListener(view -> {
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse("https://www.google.com"));
startActivity(intent);
});

// Implicit Intent - Make a Call

btnCall.setOnClickListener(view -> {
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DIAL);
intent.setData(Uri.parse("tel:+1234567890"));
startActivity(intent);
});

// Implicit Intent - Send an Email

btnEmail.setOnClickListener(view -> {
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO);
intent.setData(Uri.parse("mailto:[email protected]"));
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "Hello from Android");
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "This is a test email.");
startActivity(intent);
});
}
}
Explanation:
 ●​ Explicit Intent → Navigates from MainActivity to SecondActivity.
●​ Implicit Intent:
o​ Opens a website (Intent.ACTION_VIEW with URL).
o​ Opens dialer with a phone number (Intent.ACTION_DIAL).
o​ Opens email app with a pre-filled email (Intent.ACTION_SENDTO).

Step 4: Create the Second Activity

1.​ Right-click on com.example.intentdemo → New → Activity → Empty Activity.

2.​ Name it SecondActivity → Click Finish.

Step 5: Modify activity_second.xml (Second Activity UI)

1.​ Open res/layout/activity_second.xml.

2.​ Replace the existing code with the following:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:gravity="center"
android:padding="20dp"
android:background="#E3F2FD">

<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Welcome to Second Activity"
android:textSize="20sp"
android:textColor="#000000"
android:textStyle="bold"/>
</LinearLayout>

Step 6: Modify SecondActivity.java

1.​ Open java/com/example/intentdemo/SecondActivity.java.

2.​ Replace the existing code with the following:

package com.example.intentdemo;

import android.os.Bundle;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

public class SecondActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

 @Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_second);
}
}

Practical : 6
Step 1: Modify AndroidManifest.xml
Make sure the MainActivity is correctly registered as the launcher activity.
<activity android:name=".MainActivity">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>

Implementation Using Linear Layout

Step 2: Modify activity_main.xml for Linear Layout

1.​ Open res/layout/activity_main.xml.

2.​ Replace the existing code with the following:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:padding="20dp"
android:gravity="center"
android:background="#F5F5F5">

<EditText
android:id="@+id/et_username"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="Enter Username"
android:padding="10dp"/>

<EditText
android:id="@+id/et_password"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="Enter Password"
android:inputType="textPassword"
android:padding="10dp"/>
 <CheckBox
android:id="@+id/chk_remember"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Remember Me"/>

<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_login"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Login"
android:padding="10dp"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"/>
</LinearLayout>

Step 3: Implement MainActivity.java (Login Logic)

1.​ Open java/com/example/logindemo/MainActivity.java.

2.​ Replace the existing code with the following:

package com.example.logindemo;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.CheckBox;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Toast;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

private EditText etUsername, etPassword;

private CheckBox chkRemember;
private Button btnLogin;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

// Initialize UI elements
etUsername = findViewById(R.id.et_username);
etPassword = findViewById(R.id.et_password);
chkRemember = findViewById(R.id.chk_remember);
btnLogin = findViewById(R.id.btn_login);

// Set button click listener

btnLogin.setOnClickListener(view -> {
String username = etUsername.getText().toString();
String password = etPassword.getText().toString();
 if (username.isEmpty() || password.isEmpty()) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Please enter username and password",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else {
String message = chkRemember.isChecked() ? "Login successful with Remember Me checked!" : "Login
successful!";
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, message, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
}
}

Implementation Using Relative Layout

Step 4: Modify activity_relative.xml for Relative Layout

1.​ Open res/layout/ → New Layout Resource File → Name it activity_relative.xml.

2.​ Replace the existing code with the following:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<RelativeLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:padding="20dp"
android:background="#E3F2FD">

<EditText
android:id="@+id/et_username_rel"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="Enter Username"
android:padding="10dp"
android:layout_marginBottom="10dp"/>

<EditText
android:id="@+id/et_password_rel"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="Enter Password"
android:inputType="textPassword"
android:padding="10dp"
android:layout_below="@id/et_username_rel"/>

<CheckBox
android:id="@+id/chk_remember_rel"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Remember Me"
android:layout_below="@id/et_password_rel"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"/>
 <Button
android:id="@+id/btn_login_rel"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Login"
android:padding="10dp"
android:layout_below="@id/chk_remember_rel"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"/>
</RelativeLayout>

Implementation Using Table Layout

Step 5: Modify activity_table.xml for Table Layout

1.​ Open res/layout/ → New Layout Resource File → Name it activity_table.xml.

2.​ Replace the existing code with the following:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<TableLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:padding="20dp"
android:background="#FFF3E0">

<TableRow>
<EditText
android:id="@+id/et_username_tab"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="Enter Username"
android:padding="10dp"/>
</TableRow>

<TableRow>
<EditText
android:id="@+id/et_password_tab"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="Enter Password"
android:inputType="textPassword"
android:padding="10dp"/>
</TableRow>

<TableRow>
<CheckBox
android:id="@+id/chk_remember_tab"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Remember Me"/>
</TableRow>
 <TableRow>
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_login_tab"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Login"
android:padding="10dp"/>
</TableRow>
</TableLayout>

Practical : 7
Step 1: Modify activity_main.xml (UI Design)

1.​ Open res/layout/activity_main.xml.

2.​ Replace the existing code with the following:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<ScrollView
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:padding="20dp"
android:background="#F5F5F5">

<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:padding="10dp">

<!-- Full Name -->

<EditText
android:id="@+id/et_fullname"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="Full Name"
android:padding="10dp"/>

<!-- Email -->

<EditText
android:id="@+id/et_email"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="Email"
android:inputType="textEmailAddress"
android:padding="10dp"/>

<!-- Password -->

<EditText
android:id="@+id/et_password"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:hint="Password"
android:inputType="textPassword"
android:padding="10dp"/>

<!-- Gender -->

<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Gender"
android:textSize="16sp"
android:textStyle="bold"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"/>

<RadioGroup
android:id="@+id/rg_gender"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal">

<RadioButton
android:id="@+id/rb_male"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Male"/>

<RadioButton
android:id="@+id/rb_female"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Female"/>

</RadioGroup>

<!-- Country Selection -->

<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Select Country"
android:textSize="16sp"
android:textStyle="bold"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"/>

<Spinner
android:id="@+id/spinner_country"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:padding="10dp"/>

<!-- Terms & Conditions -->

<CheckBox
android:id="@+id/chk_terms"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="I agree to the terms & conditions"/>

<!-- Submit Button -->

 <Button
android:id="@+id/btn_register"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Register"
android:padding="10dp"
android:layout_marginTop="20dp"/>
</LinearLayout>
</ScrollView>

Step 2: Implement MainActivity.java (Form Logic)

1.​ Open java/com/example/registrationform/MainActivity.java.

2.​ Replace the existing code with the following:

package com.example.registrationform;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.CheckBox;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.RadioButton;
import android.widget.RadioGroup;
import android.widget.Spinner;
import android.widget.Toast;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

private EditText etFullName, etEmail, etPassword;

private RadioGroup rgGender;
private Spinner spinnerCountry;
private CheckBox chkTerms;
private Button btnRegister;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

// Initialize UI elements
etFullName = findViewById(R.id.et_fullname);
etEmail = findViewById(R.id.et_email);
etPassword = findViewById(R.id.et_password);
rgGender = findViewById(R.id.rg_gender);
spinnerCountry = findViewById(R.id.spinner_country);
chkTerms = findViewById(R.id.chk_terms);
btnRegister = findViewById(R.id.btn_register);

// Populate Spinner with country list

String[] countries = {"Select Country", "USA", "India", "UK", "Canada", "Australia"};
 ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<>(this, android.R.layout.simple_spinner_dropdown_item,
countries);
spinnerCountry.setAdapter(adapter);

// Set button click listener

btnRegister.setOnClickListener(view -> registerUser());
}

private void registerUser() {

String fullName = etFullName.getText().toString().trim();
String email = etEmail.getText().toString().trim();
String password = etPassword.getText().toString().trim();
int selectedGenderId = rgGender.getCheckedRadioButtonId();
String gender = selectedGenderId == R.id.rb_male ? "Male" : "Female";
String country = spinnerCountry.getSelectedItem().toString();
boolean isTermsAccepted = chkTerms.isChecked();

// Validation
if (fullName.isEmpty() || email.isEmpty() || password.isEmpty() || selectedGenderId == -1 || "Select
Country".equals(country)) {
Toast.makeText(this, "Please fill all fields correctly!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else if (!isTermsAccepted) {
Toast.makeText(this, "You must accept the terms & conditions!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else {
String message = "Registration Successful!\nName: " + fullName + "\nEmail: " + email + "\nGender: " +
gender + "\nCountry: " + country;
Toast.makeText(this, message, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
}

Practical : 8
Step 1: Modify activity_main.xml (GridLayout UI Design)

1.​ Open res/layout/activity_main.xml.

2.​ Replace the existing code with the following:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<GridLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:columnCount="3"
android:rowCount="3"
android:padding="20dp"
android:background="#F5F5F5">

<!-- Row 1 -->

<TextView
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Name:"
 android:textSize="18sp"
android:textStyle="bold"
android:layout_columnSpan="1"
android:gravity="center_vertical"/>

<EditText
android:id="@+id/et_name"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="Enter Name"
android:layout_columnSpan="2"
android:padding="10dp"/>

<!-- Row 2 -->

<TextView
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Email:"
android:textSize="18sp"
android:textStyle="bold"
android:layout_columnSpan="1"
android:gravity="center_vertical"/>

<EditText
android:id="@+id/et_email"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="Enter Email"
android:inputType="textEmailAddress"
android:layout_columnSpan="2"
android:padding="10dp"/>

<!-- Row 3 -->

<TextView
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Password:"
android:textSize="18sp"
android:textStyle="bold"
android:layout_columnSpan="1"
android:gravity="center_vertical"/>

<EditText
android:id="@+id/et_password"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="Enter Password"
android:inputType="textPassword"
android:layout_columnSpan="2"
android:padding="10dp"/>

<!-- Row 4 -->

<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_submit"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:text="Submit"
android:textSize="16sp"
android:layout_columnSpan="3"
android:padding="10dp"/>
</GridLayout>
Explanation:

●​ GridLayout is used as the root layout with rowCount="3" and columnCount="3".

●​ UI elements are arranged in a 3-column format.
●​ layout_columnSpan="2" makes elements span across multiple columns.
●​ gravity="center_vertical" aligns TextView elements properly.

Step 2: Implement MainActivity.java (Handling Button Clicks)

1.​ Open java/com/example/gridlayoutdemo/MainActivity.java.

2.​ Replace the existing code with the following:

package com.example.gridlayoutdemo;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Toast;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

private EditText etName, etEmail, etPassword;

private Button btnSubmit;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

// Initialize UI elements
etName = findViewById(R.id.et_name);
etEmail = findViewById(R.id.et_email);
etPassword = findViewById(R.id.et_password);
btnSubmit = findViewById(R.id.btn_submit);

// Set button click listener

btnSubmit.setOnClickListener(view -> submitForm());
}

private void submitForm() {

String name = etName.getText().toString().trim();
String email = etEmail.getText().toString().trim();
String password = etPassword.getText().toString().trim();
 // Validation
if (name.isEmpty() || email.isEmpty() || password.isEmpty()) {
Toast.makeText(this, "Please fill all fields!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else {
String message = "Submitted Successfully!\nName: " + name + "\nEmail: " + email;
Toast.makeText(this, message, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
}

Practical : 9

Step 1: Implementing Options Menu

Modify res/menu/menu_main.xml

1.​ Right-click on res → New → Android Resource Directory → Select Menu.

2.​ Right-click on the menu folder → New → Menu Resource File → Name it menu_main.xml.
3.​ Add the following code:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<item
android:id="@+id/menu_home"
android:title="Home"/>
<item
android:id="@+id/menu_settings"
android:title="Settings"/>
<item
android:id="@+id/menu_about"
android:title="About"/>
</menu>
Modify MainActivity.java to Handle Menu Clicks

1.​ Open java/com/example/menunavigationdemo/MainActivity.java.

2.​ Modify the file as follows:

package com.example.menunavigationdemo;

import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuInflater;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.widget.Toast;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}

@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
MenuInflater inflater = getMenuInflater();
inflater.inflate(R.menu.menu_main, menu);
return true;
}

@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
switch (item.getItemId()) {
case R.id.menu_home:
Toast.makeText(this, "Home Selected", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return true;
case R.id.menu_settings:
startActivity(new Intent(this, SettingsActivity.class));
return true;
case R.id.menu_about:
startActivity(new Intent(this, AboutActivity.class));
return true;
default:
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}
}
}
Create Additional Activities (Settings and About)

1.​ Right-click on java/com.example.menunavigationdemo → New → Activity → Empty Activity.

2.​ Name it SettingsActivity and repeat for AboutActivity.
3.​ Replace their Java files with:

SettingsActivity.java

package com.example.menunavigationdemo;

import android.os.Bundle;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

public class SettingsActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_settings);
}
}
AboutActivity.java

package com.example.menunavigationdemo;

import android.os.Bundle;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
public class AboutActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_about);
}
}

Step 2: Implementing Navigation Drawer

1.​ Right-click res/layout/ → New → Layout Resource File → Name it activity_main.xml.

2.​ Replace the code with:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<androidx.drawerlayout.widget.DrawerLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">

<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical">

<TextView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Welcome to Menu Navigation"
android:textSize="18sp"
android:gravity="center"
android:padding="20dp"/>
</LinearLayout>

<com.google.android.material.navigation.NavigationView
android:id="@+id/nav_view"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_gravity="start"
app:menu="@menu/menu_navigation"/>
</androidx.drawerlayout.widget.DrawerLayout>
Modify res/menu/menu_navigation.xml

1.​ Right-click on the menu folder → New → Menu Resource File → Name it menu_navigation.xml.
2.​ Replace the content with:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<item
android:id="@+id/nav_home"
android:title="Home"/>
<item
 android:id="@+id/nav_settings"
android:title="Settings"/>
<item
android:id="@+id/nav_about"
android:title="About"/>
</menu>
Modify MainActivity.java to Handle Navigation Drawer
Modify the file as follows:
package com.example.menunavigationdemo;

import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.widget.Toast;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.appcompat.app.ActionBarDrawerToggle;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.drawerlayout.widget.DrawerLayout;
import com.google.android.material.navigation.NavigationView;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

private DrawerLayout drawerLayout;

private ActionBarDrawerToggle toggle;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

drawerLayout = findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);
toggle = new ActionBarDrawerToggle(this, drawerLayout, R.string.open, R.string.close);
drawerLayout.addDrawerListener(toggle);
toggle.syncState();
getSupportActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);

NavigationView navigationView = findViewById(R.id.nav_view);

navigationView.setNavigationItemSelectedListener(new NavigationView.OnNavigationItemSelectedListener()
{
@Override
public boolean onNavigationItemSelected(@NonNull MenuItem item) {
switch (item.getItemId()) {
case R.id.nav_home:
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Home Selected", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
case R.id.nav_settings:
startActivity(new Intent(MainActivity.this, SettingsActivity.class));
break;
case R.id.nav_about:
startActivity(new Intent(MainActivity.this, AboutActivity.class));
break;
}
return true;
 }
});
}

@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
if (toggle.onOptionsItemSelected(item)) {
return true;
}
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}
}

Practical : 10
Step 1: Modify activity_main.xml (Fragment Container & Buttons)

1.​ Open res/layout/activity_main.xml.

2.​ Replace the content with the following:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:padding="20dp">

<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_fragment1"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Load Fragment 1" />

<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_fragment2"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Load Fragment 2" />

<FrameLayout
android:id="@+id/fragment_container"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:background="#DDDDDD"/>
</LinearLayout>
Explanation:

●​ A FrameLayout (fragment_container) is used as a placeholder for fragments.

●​ Two Buttons allow switching between fragments dynamically.
Step 2: Create Fragment Layouts

1.​ Right-click on res/layout/ → New → Layout Resource File → Name it fragment_one.xml.

2.​ Add the following code:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:background="#FFC107"
android:gravity="center">

<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="This is Fragment 1"
android:textSize="20sp"
android:textColor="#000000"/>
</LinearLayout>

3.​ Repeat the process and create fragment_two.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:background="#03A9F4"
android:gravity="center">

<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="This is Fragment 2"
android:textSize="20sp"
android:textColor="#FFFFFF"/>
</LinearLayout>
Explanation:

●​ Fragment 1 (Yellow) displays a message in black.

●​ Fragment 2 (Blue) displays a message in white.

Step 3: Create Fragment Java Classes

Create FragmentOne.java

1.​ Right-click java/com.example.fragmentdemo → New → Java Class → Name it FragmentOne.java.

 2.​ Add the following code:

package com.example.fragmentdemo;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;

public class FragmentOne extends Fragment {

@Nullable
@Override
public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_one, container, false);
}
}
Create FragmentTwo.java

1.​ Right-click java/com.example.fragmentdemo → New → Java Class → Name it FragmentTwo.java.

2.​ Add the following code:

package com.example.fragmentdemo;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;

public class FragmentTwo extends Fragment {

@Nullable
@Override
public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_two, container, false);
}
}
Explanation:

●​ Both fragments extend the Fragment class and load their respective layouts inside onCreateView().

Step 4: Modify MainActivity.java to Handle Fragment Switching

1.​ Open java/com/example/fragmentdemo/MainActivity.java.

 2.​ Replace the code with:

package com.example.fragmentdemo;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentManager;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentTransaction;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

private Button btnFragment1, btnFragment2;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

btnFragment1 = findViewById(R.id.btn_fragment1);
btnFragment2 = findViewById(R.id.btn_fragment2);

// Load Fragment 1 by default

loadFragment(new FragmentOne());

btnFragment1.setOnClickListener(view -> loadFragment(new FragmentOne()));

btnFragment2.setOnClickListener(view -> loadFragment(new FragmentTwo()));
}

private void loadFragment(Fragment fragment) {

FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction transaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
transaction.replace(R.id.fragment_container, fragment);
transaction.commit();
}
}