ACIDS BASES AND SALTS

1. What is an acid?
Answer: An acid is a substance that releases hydrogen ions (H⁺) in water.
2. What is a base?
Answer: A base is a substance that releases hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in water.
3. Give an example of a natural acid.
Answer: Citric acid (found in citrus fruits) is an example of a natural acid.
4. Provide an example of a natural base.
Answer: Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) is an example of a natural base.
5. What is the pH scale used for?
Answer: The pH scale is used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a
substance.
6. What is the pH range of acids on the pH scale?
Answer: The pH range of acids is 0 to 6.
7. What is the pH range of bases on the pH scale?
Answer: The pH range of bases is 8 to 14.
8. What is the pH of a neutral substance?
Answer: The pH of a neutral substance is 7.
9. Name a strong acid.
Answer: Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a strong acid.
10. Name a weak acid.
Answer: Acetic acid (CH3COOH) is a weak acid.
11. What are the properties of acids?
Answer: Acids taste sour, turn blue litmus paper red, and react with metals to
produce hydrogen gas.
12. What are the properties of bases? Answer: Bases taste bitter, turn red litmus
paper blue, and feel slippery.
13. Define the term "neutralization reaction." Answer: A neutralization reaction is a
chemical reaction between an acid and a base, resulting in the formation of
salt and water.
14. Write the chemical equation for the neutralization of hydrochloric acid and
sodium hydroxide. Answer: HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O
15. Define "indicator."
Answer: An indicator is a substance that changes color to show the presence
of an acid or a base.
16. Name an indicator used to test acids and bases.
Answer: Litmus paper is an indicator used to test acids and bases.
17. Why is it important to handle acids and bases with care?
Answer: Acids and bases can cause burns and irritation to the skin, eyes, and
respiratory system.
18. What is the chemical name of baking soda?
Answer: Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is the chemical name of baking soda.
19. What gas is released when acids react with metal?
Answer: Hydrogen gas (H2) is released when acids react with metal.
20. What type of salt is formed in the reaction between hydrochloric acid and
sodium hydroxide?
Answer: Sodium chloride (NaCl) is formed.
21. State the formula of sulfuric acid.
Answer: The formula of sulfuric acid is H2SO4.
22. State the formula of nitric acid.
Answer: The formula of nitric acid is HNO3.
23. State the formula of acetic acid.
Answer: The formula of acetic acid is CH3COOH.
24. What happens when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate?
Answer: When an acid reacts with a metal carbonate, it produces salt, water,
and carbon dioxide gas.
25. Write the chemical equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and
calcium carbonate.
Answer: 2HCl + CaCO3 → CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
26. What is the common name of calcium sulfate?
Answer: The common name of calcium sulfate is Plaster of Paris.
27. Name a common base used in antacid tablets.
Answer: Magnesium hydroxide is a common base used in antacid tablets.
28. What is the chemical name of washing soda?
Answer: Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) is the chemical name of washing soda.
29. What happens when an acid reacts with a metal oxide?
Answer: When an acid reacts with a metal oxide, it produces salt and water.
30. Write the chemical equation for the reaction between sulfuric acid and copper
oxide.
Answer: H2SO4 + CuO → CuSO4 + H2O
31. What is the chemical name of bleaching powder?
Answer: The chemical name of bleaching powder is calcium hypochlorite
(Ca(ClO)2).
32. Name the gas produced when an acid reacts with a metal sulfide.
Answer: Hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S) is produced.
33. Write the chemical equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and
iron sulfide.
Answer: 6HCl + FeS → FeCl2 + 3H2S
34. What is the chemical name of baking powder?
Answer: Sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) is the chemical name of
baking powder.
35. Why is calcium hydroxide also called slaked lime?
Answer: Calcium hydroxide is also called slaked lime because it is obtained by
adding water to quicklime (calcium oxide).
36. Name the acid present in the stomach.
Answer: Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is present in the stomach.
37. What is the chemical name of soda ash?
Answer: Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) is the chemical name of soda ash.
38. What is the pH of human blood?
Answer: The pH of human blood is approximately 7.4.
39. Name the acid present in vinegar.
Answer: Acetic acid (CH3COOH) is present in vinegar.
40. What is the chemical formula of common salt?
Answer: The chemical formula of common salt is NaCl.
41. Name the acid present in lemons.
Answer: Citric acid is present in lemons.
42. What is the chemical formula of gypsum?
Answer: The chemical formula of gypsum is CaSO4·2H2O.
43. What is the pH of lemon juice?
Answer: The pH of lemon juice is around 2.
44. Define the term "pH."
Answer: pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, ranging from
0 to 14.
45. What is the pH of soap?
Answer: The pH of soap is slightly basic, around 8-10.
46. What is the chemical formula of baking soda? Answer: The chemical formula
of baking soda is NaHCO3.
47. Name the acid present in oranges.
Answer: Citric acid is present in oranges.
48. What is the pH of pure water?
Answer: The pH of pure water is 7, making it neutral.
49. What is the chemical name of bleaching powder?
Answer: The chemical name of bleaching powder is calcium hypochlorite
(Ca(ClO)2).
50. Name the gas produced when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate.
Answer: Carbon dioxide gas (CO2) is produced.
51. Write the chemical equation for the reaction between sulfuric acid and zinc
carbonate.
Answer: H2SO4 + ZnCO3 → ZnSO4 + H2O + CO2
52. Why is calcium hydroxide used in the preparation of whitewash?
Answer: Calcium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide in the air to form a
white precipitate, making it suitable for whitewashing.
53. Name the acid present in tomatoes.
Answer: Citric acid is present in tomatoes.
54. What is the pH of orange juice?
Answer: The pH of orange juice is around 3-4.
55. Define the term "alkali."
Answer: An alkali is a soluble base that releases hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in water.
56. Name the acid present in tamarind.
Answer: Tartaric acid is present in tamarind.
57. What is the pH of vinegar?
Answer: The pH of vinegar is around 3-4.
58. Name the acid present in ant stings.
Answer: Formic acid is present in ant stings.
59. What is the pH of milk?
Answer: The pH of milk is slightly acidic, around 6.5 to 6.7.
60. Define the term "corrosive."
Answer: Corrosive refers to a substance that can cause damage or destruction
to materials or living tissues upon contact.
61. Name the acid present in the sting of a bee.
Answer: Methanoic acid (formic acid) is present in the sting of a bee.
62. What is the pH of toothpaste?
Answer: The pH of toothpaste is usually around 8-9, slightly basic.
63. Name the acid present in the sting of a nettle plant.
Answer: Methanoic acid (formic acid) is present in the sting of a nettle plant.
64. What is the pH of black coffee?
Answer: The pH of black coffee is around 5.
65. Name the acid present in the milk.
Answer: Lactic acid is present in milk.
66. What is the pH of a lemonade drink?
Answer: The pH of lemonade is around 2-3.
67. Define the term "astringent."
Answer: An astringent is a substance that causes tissues to contract, typically
used to reduce bleeding or inflammation.
68. Name the acid present in the human sweat.
Answer: Lactic acid is present in human sweat.
69. What is the pH of soft drinks (cola)?
Answer: The pH of soft drinks (cola) is around 2.5-3.
70. Name the acid present in curd.
Answer: Lactic acid is present in curd.
71. What is the pH of baking soda solution?
Answer: The pH of baking soda solution is around 8-9.
72. Define the term "effervescence."
Answer: Effervescence is the rapid escape of gas from a liquid in the form of
bubbles.
73. Name the acid present in the grapes.
Answer: Tartaric acid is present in grapes.
74. What is the pH of lime water?
Answer: The pH of lime water is around 12-13.
75. Name the acid present in apple.
Answer: Malic acid is present in apples.
76. What is the pH of soapy water?
Answer: The pH of soapy water is around 9-10.
77. Define the term "buffer."
Answer: A buffer is a solution that resists changes in pH when an acid or a
base is added to it.
78. Name the acid present in the gastric juices of the stomach.
Answer: Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is present in the gastric juices of the stomach.
79. What is the pH of bleach?
Answer: The pH of bleach is around 12-13.
80. Name the acid present in the sour milk.
Answer: Lactic acid is present in sour milk.
81. What is the pH of human saliva?
Answer: The pH of human saliva is around 6.5 to 7.
82. Define the term "antacid."
Answer: An antacid is a medication used to neutralize excess stomach acid
and relieve indigestion or heartburn.
83. Name the acid present in the unripe fruits.
Answer: Oxalic acid is present in unripe fruits.
84. What is the pH of blood plasma?
Answer: The pH of blood plasma is around 7.35 to 7.45.
85. Name the acid present in the sting of a red ant.
Answer: Methanoic acid (formic acid) is present in the sting of a red ant.
86. What is the pH of bleach solution?
Answer: The pH of bleach solution is around 11-13.
87. Define the term "litmus."
Answer: Litmus is a natural dye extracted from certain lichens and used as an
acid-base indicator.
88. Name the acid present in the stings of wasps.
Answer: Acetic acid is present in the stings of wasps.
89. What is the pH of soap solution?
Answer: The pH of soap solution is around 9-10.
90. Name the acid present in the sting of a red ant.
Answer: Methanoic acid (formic acid) is present in the sting of a red ant.
91. What is the pH of an antacid solution?
Answer: The pH of an antacid solution is around 8-9.
92. Define the term "neutral."
Answer: Neutral refers to a substance that is neither acidic nor basic, having a
pH of 7.
93. Name the acid present in the sting of a wasp.
Answer: Acetic acid is present in the sting of a wasp.
94. What is the pH of mouthwash?
Answer: The pH of mouthwash is around 4-5.
95. Name the acid present in the sting of a honeybee.
Answer: Formic acid is present in the sting of a honeybee.
96. What is the pH of rainwater?
Answer: The pH of rainwater is slightly acidic, usually around 5.6.
97. Name the acid present in the sting of a fire ant.
Answer: Methanoic acid (formic acid) is present in the sting of a fire ant.
98. What is the pH of orange juice concentrate?
Answer: The pH of orange juice concentrate is around 2-3.
99. Name the acid present in the nettle plant.
Answer: Methanoic acid (formic acid) is present in the nettle plant.
100. What is the pH of tomato ketchup?
Answer: The pH of tomato ketchup is around 3-4.