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Class 7 Chapter 1 study notes

The document provides an overview of nutrition in plants, detailing the processes of autotrophy and heterotrophy, with a focus on photosynthesis and the role of chlorophyll and chloroplasts. It also discusses various modes of nutrition, including symbiotic relationships, parasitism, saprotrophic nutrition, and the adaptations of insectivorous and cactus plants. Additionally, it highlights the importance of replenishing soil nutrients for plant growth.

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18 views

Class 7 Chapter 1 study notes

The document provides an overview of nutrition in plants, detailing the processes of autotrophy and heterotrophy, with a focus on photosynthesis and the role of chlorophyll and chloroplasts. It also discusses various modes of nutrition, including symbiotic relationships, parasitism, saprotrophic nutrition, and the adaptations of insectivorous and cactus plants. Additionally, it highlights the importance of replenishing soil nutrients for plant growth.

Uploaded by

souryapanda41
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CBSE NCERT CHAPTER 1

NUTRITION IN PLANTS
CLASS: VII STUDY NOTES SCIENCE

Nutrition

• Nutrition is the mode of taking food by an organism and its utilisation by the body.
• Nutrition is very important as the nutrients from the food consumed enables living organisms to build their
bodies and grow.
• Nutrition helps to repair damaged parts and organs.
• Nutrition also provides energy for carrying out various functions.

Autotrophs and Heterotrophs

• Organisms that make food themselves are called autotrophs.


• Plants are an example of autotrophs as they make their own food using carbon dioxide, water and light
energy.
• Organisms that rely on others and usually take in ready-made food made by the autotrophs are called
heterotrophs.
• Animals and human beings are an example of heterotrophs as they depend on plants in many ways for their
food.

Photosynthesis

• Photosynthesis is the process of synthesis of food by green plants.


• This process usually takes place in the leaves of plants.
• The process requires chlorophyll (green coloured pigment), sunlight, carbon dioxide and water.

Organelles

• Organelles are tiny cellular structures inside a cell and perform specific functions that are important for the
cell.

• They are found in the cytoplasm of a cell.


eg. Chloroplast is the cell organelle that carries out photosynthesis.

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Chloroplasts

• The chloroplast is a type of organelle that exists in plants.


• These organelles contain chlorophyll, the green coloured pigment that is responsible carrying out the process
of photosynthesis in plants.

Chlorophyll

• Chlorophyll is the pigment that is responsible for the synthesis of food in green plants by capturing sunlight.
• This pigment green colour to its bearers and is abundantly found in leaves.
• Chlorophyll is locked inside the chloroplast.

Process of Photosynthesis

The process of photosynthesis takes place in the leaves, the “food factory” of the plants.

• Carbon dioxide is taken in through tiny pores on the leaves called stomata.
• Water and minerals that are required for the process are transported to the leaves from the roots through the
stem.
• Chlorophyll helps the leaves use the energy from the sunlight to prepare food using the carbon dioxide, water
and minerals.
• Oxygen is released as a byproduct of this process.
• Plants prepare glucose and stored in form of starch.

Functions of stomata

• Exchange of gases
• Transpiration

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Other Modes of Nutrition

Symbiotic Relationship

• Organisms that live together and share their shelter and nutrients are said to be in a symbiotic relationship.
• Most common example is of Rhizobium bacteria which reside in the root nodules of leguminous plants.
• The bacteria provide a plant with nitrogen that they fix from atmosphere and in turn, they get shelter and
food from the plant.

Rhizobium

• Rhizobium is a type of bacteria that convert atmospheric nitrogen into a soluble form that can be utilised by
plants (nitrogen fixation).
• It usually resides in the roots nodules of leguminous plants like peas, gram, moong etc.

Nitrogen Fixation
• Nitrogen is an important nutrient required for plants to make protein.
• However, nitrogen in the atmosphere is not easily accessible.
• The process by which nitrogen is converted into a form that can be used by plants and other living organisms
is called nitrogen fixation.

Symbiotic relationship in lichen

• Algae prepare food for fungi.


• Fungi provide water, mineral and shelter to algae.

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Parasites

• A parasite is a heterotroph that completely depends on another organism for its food.
• The organism from whose body food is obtained is called the host.

• The host, in the process, is deprived of all nutrients for its own growth as they are consumed by the parasite.
• Haustorium (plural haustoria) is a root like structure or a structure that grows into or around another structure
to absorb water or nutrients from the host
• For example, Cuscuta (Amarbel) is a non green plant that takes readymade food from the plant on which it is
growing.

Total parasitic plant Partial parasitic plant


Total parasitic plants are the heterotrophic Partial parasitic plants have chlorophyll
plants which completely depends on the host therefore they are dependent on their hosts for
plant for their all requirements include shelter, water and nutrients only.
water, food.

Eg: Rafflesia, Cuscuta Eg: Mistletoe

Saprotrophs

• Organisms which rely on dead and decaying matter for their food are called Saprotrophs. This mode of
nutrition is called saprotrophic nutrition.
• For example, Fungi, Mushroom
• Fungi secrete digestive juices on the dead and decaying matter and convert it into a solution. Then they
absorb the nutrients from it.

Uses of fungi

• Some fungi are used in antibiotics


• Some fungi are edible

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Harmful effects of fungi

• Causes diseases in plants and animals


• Spoils food and leather item

Insectivorous Plants

• Plants that feed on insects are called Insectivorous plants.


• These plants are green and carry out photosynthesis.
• But they grow in nitrogen-deficient soils.
• So, in order to get nitrogen, they feed on insects.
• These insectivorous plants have their parts modified for attracting and catching insects.
• For example Pitcher plant, Venus flytrap.

Cactus Plants

• Most of the photosynthesis takes place in the leaves of green plants.


• However, in case of some desert plants, it takes place in their stem and even branches.
• Cacti are found in the desert and their leaves are modified to spines to avoid loss of water due to
transpiration.
• Therefore, their green stems enable them to carry out the process of photosynthesis.

How nutrients are replenished in the soil


• Fertilisers and manures contain plant nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium, phosphorous, etc. These
nutrients need to be added from time to time to enrich the soil.

• By growing leguminous plants.

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